Xeryahooda organic iyo kala soocidda

kala soocidda wuxuu ku salaysan yahay aragtida ah xeryahooda organic, qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada ee A. M. Butlerova ah. kala soocidda nidaamsan - aasaaskii Magac-cilmiyeed. Thanks iyada ku, waxaa suurto gal noqday magac kasta oo arrinta horey loo yaqaan oo cusub organic siiyo, iyadoo la isticmaalayo heli formula dhismaha.

Fasallada xeryahooda organic

walxaha Organic waxa lagu kala saaraa laba sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan: ku deegaamaynta iyo tirada kooxaha functional in Britain iyo carbon dhismeedka lafaha.

Carbon lafaha ka dhigan moiety ah in uu yahay ku filan deggan falgalka kiimikada kala duwan. xeryahooda organic kala qaybsan yihiin kooxo badan, halka iyada oo la tixgelinayo qaabka kelli ah ee arrinta organic.

xeryahooda Acyclic (dufan biosoedineniya ama xarunta aliphatic). Kuwani xeryahooda organic in qaab dhismeedka kelli ka mid ah si toos ah ama jahaysteen carboxylic silsilad.

xarunta Carbocyclic - walax silsilado carboxylic u xiran yihiin - wareegyada. biosoedineniya Kuwani qaybsan kooxo: udgoon iyo alicyclic.

xeryahooda Heterocyclic dabiiciga ah organic - walxaha in qaab-dhismeedka taagoo kaas oo ay leeyihiin giraan la aasaasay of atamka carbon iyo atamka ee xubno ka kiimikada kale (ogsijiin, Nitrogendoksid, mastadh) heteroatoms.

Xeryahooda of taxane kasta (group) qaybsan yihiin fasalo kala duwan ee xeryahooda organic. walxaha Organic tirsan class gaar ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa ay joogaan in ay Britain ka mid ah kooxaha functional qaarkood. Tusaale ahaan, fasalada ee Consort (fasalka oo kaliya xeryahooda organic oo ka maqan kooxaha functional), amines, aldehydes, phenols, acids carboxylic, ketones, alcohols, iwm

Si loo go'aamiyo xarunta organic ka tirsan tirada fasalka iyo dhaadheer lafaha carbon ama silsilad carboxylic (xidhiidha acyclic), loop (xarunta carbocyclic) ama xuduntii (xeryahooda heterocyclic). Ka dibna waxa loo ogaado jiritaanka ee Britain ah ee arrinta organic kooxaha kale ee qaaradda (functional), tus, hydroxyl - OH, carboxyl - COOH, amino, imino, koox sulfgidridnoy - SH, iwm Kooxdu waxay functional ama kooxaha u qeexaan biosoedineniya tirsan class gaar ah, hantida ugu weyn ee ay jirka iyo kiimikada. Waa in la sheegay in koox kasta functional ma aha oo kaliya tilmaamaysaa guryaha, laakiin sidoo kale saamayn ku atamka kale ama kooxaha qaaradda, imtixaanka isku mar iyo saamaynta ay.

By lagu badalaa in ay u taagoo of acyclic iyo Consort xilliile ah ama heterocyclic biirey eb hydrogen kooxaha functional kala duwan diyaariyey xeryahooda organic oo ka tirsan fasal gaar ah. Halkan waxaa ku qoran qaar ka mid ah kooxaha functional in loo ogaado xubin xarunta ah organic fasalka gaar ah: Consort RH, Consort halogenated - R-Hal, aldehydes - R-COH, ketones - R1-CO-Red2, alcohols iyo phenols R-OH, carboxylic acid - R-COOH , ethers - R1-O-Red2, acids carboxylic galogenoangidridy R-COHal, esters R-COOR, Nitro - R-NO2, sulfonic -R-SO3H, xeryahooda organometallic - R-Me, mercaptans R-SH.

xeryahooda Organic isagoo ay qaab-dhismeedka kelli koox functional, loo yaqaan xeryahooda organic hawlo fudud, laba ama in ka badan - xeryahooda hawlo isku qasan. Tusaalooyinka xeryahooda organic hawlo fudud oo laga yaabaa in Consort, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, amines, acids carboxylic, xeryahooda Nitro, iwm Tusaalooyinka xeryahooda hawlo isku qasan laga yaabaa hydroxy, Keto, iwm

Gaar ah oo muhiim ah waa xeryahooda adag bioorganic: brotiin, proteid, subaga, acids nucleic, carbohydrates, taagoo, taas oo tiro badan oo ah kooxaha functional kala duwan.