Guryaha Chemical oo ka mid ah cusbada iyo hababka ay u diyaarinta

Cusbada - walxaha tirsan fasalka xeryahooda ka imanba, taas oo ka kooban anion ah (hadhay acid) iyo waxbarashada (atom biraha). Xaaladaha intooda badan walax crystalline this midabyo kala duwan oo la milmi biyo kala duwan. Wakiilka fudud ee fasalka this xeryahooda - sodium chloride (NaCl).

Cusbada kala qaybsan yihiin acidic, aasaasiga ah iyo mid caadi ah.

Normal (celceliska) waxaa la aasaasay markii acid oo dhan atamka hydrogen lagu bedelay atamka biraha, ama marka dhan kooxaha hydroxyl lagu bedelay saldhig acid harta acid (tus, MgSO4, mg (CH3COO) 2). Marka dissociation electrolytic, waxay dumin galay anions biraha si wanaagsan lagu soo eedeeyay iyo anions xun lagu soo eedeeyay.

guryaha The kiimikada ee kooxdan oo ah cusbada:

• cawisa at heerkulka sare,

• mari hydrolysis (reaction biyo);

• galo dareen diidmo sarrifka la acids, saldhigyada iyo cusbada kale. Waa in la xusuusnaado qaar ka mid ah muuqaalada celintan:

- cadaanyo la acid ah qaadataa meel kaliya marka this acid waa ka xoog badan ay ka cusbadu dhacdaa;

- falcelinta la salka la qabtaa in kiiska halkaas oo arrinta beelaya waxaa la aasaasay;

- xal saline sameynayso la biraha, haddii la tagay ee taxanahan electrochemical of stress biraha, kaas oo ah qeyb ka mid ah Cusbada leh,

- xarunta cusbo in xal fal kasta oo kale, haddii ay tani waxaa la aasaasay ah sarrifka saarka beelaya,

• redox in lala xiriirin karo sifooyinka waxbarashada ama anion.

The cusbada acid ay diyaar u yihiin in kiisaska oo kaliya qayb ka mid ah atamka hydrogen in acid ee la bedelay atamka biraha (tus, NaHSO4, CaHPO4). Marka dissociation electrolytic ay sameeyaan hydrogen iyo biraha siifilisku, oo ka mid ah anions hadhay acid, si kastaba ha ahaatee guryaha kiimikada ee kooxda waxaa ka mid ah cusbada oo ka mid ah sifooyinka soo socda sida xeryahooda milix iyo acid:

• waxaa lagu sakhiray in ay kala daatay kaamerada si ay u sameeyaan cusbo sare,

• jawaabay alkali si ay u sameeyaan milix caadi ah.

cusbada aasaasiga ah waxaa lagu helay kiisas kaliya qayb ka mid ah kooxaha hydroxyl ka bedelay saldhigyadii anions ee acids (tus, CU (OH) ama Champions League, Fe (OH) CO3). xeryahooda Kuwaasi waa duco galay siifilisku biraha iyo anions hadhayna hydroxy iyo acid. guryaha The kiimikada ee kooxdan oo ah cusbada ka mid ah astaamaha walxaha kiimikada sifo iyo cusbo, iyo saldhigyadii waqti isku mid ah:

• gartaa kala daatay kaamerada,

• jawaabay acid ah.

Waxaa jira fikradda ah oo adag iyo cusbada double.

Complex kooban anion adag ama waxbarashada. guryaha The kiimikada ee noocan ah waxaa ka mid ah dareen-celin cusbada kaxeynayo baabba ', oo ay la socdaan formation of xeryahooda ku Tolosnaada L. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay awoodi karaan in ay is dhaafsadaan ligands dhexeeya deegaanka gudaha iyo kuwa dibadda jira.

Dual sidoo kale waxay leedahay laba siifilisku kala duwan oo dhici karta inay xal cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay (reaction hoos).

Hababka loo diyaarinta cusbada

Waxyaabahani waxaa laga heli karaa siyaabaha soo socda:

• ficil acids la Biraha, kuwaas oo awood u leh in ay Leexin atamka hydrogen ah;

• saldhig falcelinta iyo acids, saldhigyada kooxda hydroxyl la badelay la harta acid acidic,

• tallaabo ah ee acids on amphoteric iyo oxides aasaasiga ah, cusbada ama biraha,

• tallaabada saldhigyadii on oxides acidic,

• cadaanyo u dhexeeya oxides acidic iyo aasaasiga ah,

• cusbada by ficil kasta oo kale ama la Biraha (reaction bedelay) ;

• diyaarinta cusbada biraha lagu jiro dareen diidmo la non-birta,

• Xarunta cusbo acidic helay falcelinta cusbada dhexdhexaad ah la acid ah oo magac la mid ah;

• cusbo walax aasaasiga ah waa la diyaariyey by ficil Cusbada leh qadar yar oo ah alkali.

Sayidka, cusbada loo diyaar garoobo laga yaabaa in siyaabo badan, tan iyo markii ay soo saaray iyadoo ay sabab u reactions badan oo kiimikada dhexeeya walxaha kala duwan ka imanba iyo xeryahooda.