Xulashada Dynamic - microevolution in dadka of noolaha

xulashada Dabiiciga ah had iyo jeer waa arrin weyn ee isbeddel ah ee noolaha. Waxa uu u dhaqmo by hab la mid ah - badbaadaan oo ay hayn farcankii ugu xoogga badan, ie, fittest. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku xiran tahay in ay ku oolnimada, jihada, gaar ahaan xaaladaha jiritaanka noolaha - foomka of doorashada dabiiciga ah waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan. Sidaas darteed, mid ka mid ah foomamka ay waa xulashada firfircoon (jiho), kaas oo jawaab u tahay isbeddel ah ee deegaanka oo ku kordhinaya wareeg ah feature celceliska ama hanti. Waayo, sifooyinka tirada qiimaha celcelis ahaan waa qiimaha xisaabta celceliska, tusaale ahaan - tirada isku celceliska ah ee wax Ishu ku soo saaray. Sharaxaad A ee guryaha tayada goostay inta jeer (boqolkiiba) ka mid ah tijaabooyinka la feature lagama maarmaan ah, tusaale ahaan - noqnoqoshada iyo xoolaha guumaysgeesaleyda hornless.

Falanqaynta of guryaha wuxuu tilmaan u ah isbedelka ayaa ka soo baxay dadka ay sabab u tahay qabsashada si beddelo xaaladaha deegaanka. In this xulashada firfircoon gacan uga geysan karaan in la xoojiyo oo wiiqi labadaba guryaha la beddelo ee u shaqeeyo. Tusaale ka mid ah caan ku faa'iidada laga yaabaa in loogu yeero melanism warshadaha. View balanbaalis , aboor baa peppered meelaha aan warshadaha ayaa midab khafiif ah oo daboolaya qolfo jidhka iyo baalashooda, iyo meelaha ay tiro badan oo warshadaha oo ah midab jirsado madow. ah ee Baalallay caadi ahayn si ay u midabka ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in qiiqa warshadaha waxyeello ayaa keentay in dhimashada lichens in noolaa on jilif geedaha iyo dhicin adeego sidii meel dejinta (coloration ilaaliya). Color qolfo Beddelidda hagaajiyo fursadaha badbaadista of dhicin. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa kiciyay shuruudaha loogu yeero xulashada - ka ilaalinta iyo kor u qaadidda a noocyada cusub ee dhicin in xaaladaha isbedelka ay awoodaan in ay sii wadi tartanka, in uu yahay, dhalaan.

Tusaale ka mid ah caan ku attenuation waa khasaaraha ama dhimista ee jirka iyo qaybo ka mid ay Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in uusan dhali load ah functional - baalasha Gorayada ah (ma duulaya), maqnaanshaha of adimada in masaska.

xulashada Dynamic ku salaysan yahay macmal ah. Sayidka qof xulashada shaqsiyaadka sida ay xuduudaheedu gaar ah (phenotype), waxay kordhisaa inta jeer ee hantida this. Siman xaqiijiyay in doorashada this by muuqashadii keenaysaa in isbedel qaar ka mid ah in genotype, iyo laga yaabee khasaaraha ka mid ah alleles qaar ka mid ah. Waxa jira noocyo qaar ka mid ah xulashada aan dabiici ahayn - miyir iyo Nidaamsanaan. Marka la isticmaalayo xulashada ninkii miyir, sida aad maskax ahaan doorteen ugu fiican. Natiijada tusaalaha noocan oo kale ah waa dhacdo ee ay eyda iyo noocyo cusub oo caan ku for degaanka gaar ah. Mabda 'nidaamsan loo isticmaalo xulashada in ay soo saaraan noocyada cusub ee dhirta iyo xayawaanka dabaqaa xaaladaha gaarka ah ee kordhaya iyo hoy (qabow u adkaysta ratseny noocyada).

Sidaas darteed, soo xulidda firfircoon - waa nooc ka mid ah doorashada dabiiciga ah, natiijada taas oo muuqaalka kore ee ah noocyada cusub ee loo habeeyey ee noolaha oo ku noolaan karaa iyo sii qoyska ee deegaanka beddelay.