Sida loo sameeyo isla'egta kiimikada, xeerarka, tusaalooyin. Duubista reaction kiimikada

Aan ka hadalno sida loo sameeyo isla'egta kiimikada ah, maxaa yeelay, waxay yihiin waxyaabaha asaasiga ah ee anshaxa this. Thanks to wacyi dhammaan shuruucda dhexgalka ee hababka kiimikada iyo walxaha in la kaantarooli karaa iyaga by, si ay u isticmaalaan in ay beeraha kala duwan.

Tilmaamo teori

Isku duwidda ee isla'egyada kiimikada - talaabo muhiim ah oo muhiim ah, viewed fasalka siddeedaad ee dugsiyada sare. Maxay waa in hormaraan marxaladan? Ka hor inta macallin sheeg ardayda ku saabsan sida loo sameeyo isla'egta kiimikada ah, waxa muhiim ah in barasho ardayda la ereyga "valency" iyaga baro si loo ogaado qiimaha this ka Biraha iyo non-birta, iyagoo isticmaalaya xubno ka miiska wareegsan.

Diyaarinta Caanobooraha for binary valency

Si aad u fahamto sida loo sameeyo isla'egta kiimikada ee valency si ay u bilaabaan si ay u bartaan sida loo sameeyo ah xeryahooda oo ah caanaha, oo ka kooban laba cunsur, iyadoo la isticmaalayo valency. Waxaan soo jeedinay geynta ah si ay uga caawiyaan la qabsadaan hawsha. Tusaale ahaan, baahida loo qabo in la sameeyo caanaha ee xabagta sodium.

First, waxaa muhiim ah in ay ku haay maanka in element ah kiimikada in waxa lagu sheegay in horyaalka doonana, in caanaha waa in lagu meeleeyaa in meesha ugu horeysa. Xaaladdan oo kale, marka hore in la diiwaan geliyay oxygen sodium formula labaad. Xusuuso in oxides binary xeryahooda ku xusan kaas oo la soo dhaafay (labaad) element waa in ay ahaadaan oxygen la tiro qayilo ah -2 (valence of 2). Dheeraad ah oo ku miiska wareegsan loo baahan yahay si loo ogaado valence ee mid kasta oo ka mid ah laba walxood. Waayo, kan aan u isticmaalno xeerar gaar ah.

Tan iyo sodium - biraha, kaas oo la amro in koox hoosaadka ugu weyn ee kooxda 1, waa valence ee magnitude joogto ah, waa loo siman yahay si I.

Ogsijiin - a non-birta ah, sida in xabagta ah waa la soo dhaafay, si loo ogaado valence sideed aan (tirada group) gooyaan 6 (group a kaas oo oxygen ah), waxaan aragnaa in valence ee oxygen waa loo siman yahay si II.

Inta u dhaxaysa valences qaarkood heli dhufsana yaraha ay wadaagaan, ka dibna loo qaybiyo valence ee mid kasta oo xubno ka heli jirrabo ay. Qor formula diyaar Na ₂ O.

Tilmaamaha on isla'egta ururinayaan

Haddaba la hadal badan oo ku saabsan sida loo sameeyo isla'egta kiimikada. Waxaan marka hore u fiirsada dhibcood af iyo qoraal ka dibna sii soco ilaa tusaalooyin gaar ah. Sayidka, oo sideeda oo isleegyo kiimikada ay tilmaamaysaa koorso gaar ah oo tallaabo.

• stage 1-dii. Akhrinta shaqo la soo jeediyay, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah, si loo garto kiimikada ay joogaan dhinaca bidix ee isla'egta. Inta u dhaxaysa qaybaha bilaabo calaamad "+" kaalinta ay.
• stage 2aad. Ka dib markii calaamadda la-mid loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo caanaha ee alaabta falcelinta. In sameynta ficilada caynkan ah u baahan barbaro qaaciidooyinka geynta xeryahooda binary, waxaan arkaa inay ka sarreeyaan.
• Marxalada sadexaad. Waxaan hubiyo tirada atamka ee element kasta ka hor iyo ka dib dhexgalka kiimikada, haddii arrimo dheeraad ah loo baahan yahay si ay u dejiyaan qaaciidooyinka.

TUSAALE reaction sari

Isku day inaad si ay u fahmaan sida loo sameeyo isla'egta kiimikada sari magnesium, iyadoo la isticmaalayo geynta ah. dhinaca bidix ee isla'egta ku qoran shuruudaha magnesium iyo qadarka oksijiin. Ha iloobin xaqiiqada ah in ogsijiin waa Britain a diatomic, sidaa darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay ugu deeqdo index 2. Marka formula koobanahay calaamadda la-mid helay ka dib markii wax soo saarka falcelinta. Waxay noqon doontaa xabagta magnesium, kuna waari dhexdeeda magnesium waxaa marka hore qoraal iyo sahayda oxygen labaad ee caanaha. Dheeraad ah, sida ay miiska xubno ka kiimikada qeexo valency. Magnesium, oo ku yaalla group 2aad (group ugu weyn) ee, ayaa valence joogta ah II ee, ka oxygen by kalagoynta 8 - 6 sidoo kale ka heli valence ah II.

habka diiwaan yeelan doontaa foomka: mg + O ₂ = MgO.

isla'eg u dhiganta sharciga ilaalinta of mass walxaha, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si aad u sameysato horgalaha ah. First, hubiyo qadarka Ogsijiinta oo dareen-celinta, ka dib markii geedi socodka waa dhameystiran yahay. Tan iyo markii ay ahayd 2 atamka oxygen iyo la aasaasay ka mid ah, dhinaca midig hore ee xabagta magnesium formula loo baahan yahay in lagu daro tirada Wehliyaha 2. Sidoo kale kaliya u qaadan atamka magnesium hor iyo ka dib geedi socodka. falcelinta ee magnesium 2 halkan ka soo jeestay dhinaca bidix hore ee walax fudud ee magnesium Sidoo kale waa arrin lagama maarmaan ah 2.

Total nooca falcelin: 2Mg + O ₂ = 2MgO.

TUSAALE reaction bedelay

xog kasta oo Chemistry qeexayaa noocyada kala duwan ee isdhexgalka.

Si ka duwan xeryahooda iyo bedelay on bidix iyo dhinaca midig ee isla'egta jiri doona laba walxaha. Ka soo qaad in aad rabto in aad ku qortaa cadaanyo u dhexeeya zinc iyo Aashito. qoraal geynta isticmaalaya caadiga ah. First, dhinaca bidix iyada oo qadar u qortaa ee zinc iyo Aashito ah, ee dhinaca midigta ee caanaha ka samaysan waxyaabaha reaction helay. Tan iyo markii ee taxanahan galvanic biraha in ay ku adkaysato zinc waa hydrogen, ee geedi socodka waxa ay barakiyeen ka hydrogen ku acid kelli, la xirrira chloride zinc. Sidaas darteed, waxaan aad u hesho entry soo socda: amayno + HCL = ZnCl ₂ + _{2 H.}

Haddana aan u leexano simo tirada atamka ee element kasta. Tan iyo markii kooxda ka tagay waxa uu ahaa mid la eb chlorine, ka dibna ficil iyaga waxay ahayd laba, hore formula aashito, waa samatabbixin arrin of 2.

Sidaas darteed, waxaan aad u hesho la dhammeeyayna ay isla'eg cadaanyo, u dhiganta walxaha sharciga ilaalinta mass: amayno + 2HCL = ZnCl ₂ + _{2 H.}

gunaanad

dulmar A caadiga ah ee Chemistry daruuri ka kooban dhowr transformations kiimikada. qayb ka mid ah sayniska this No aan ku xaddidnayn a description fudud oo afka ah transformations, geedi socodka kala diridda, uumi daruuri dhan isleegyo xaqiijiyay. Koobnaanta kiimikada waa in dhammaan hababka in dhacaan inta u dhexaysa kala duwan ka imanba ama organic walxaha, qasac lagu tilmaami by kiimikada calaamadaha, calaamadaha, horgalaha indices.

Maxaa kale waa ka cilmiga kale chemistry kala duwan? isleegyo Chemical caawin ma aha oo kaliya in lagu qeexo isbadal uu ka dhacayo, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u sameeyaan iyaga xisaabinta taranta, kaas oo aad ku qaadi kartaa shaybaarka iyo wax soo saarka warshadaha ee walxaha kala duwan.