Fundamentals of imanba Chemistry. degree qayilo

gobolka qayilo The - this eb element lacag shuruud in Britain ay. Ra'yiga Tani waa aasaasiga ah ee kiimikada imanba, oo aan garashadiisii waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la qiyaaso habka of falcelinta redox, nooc oo ah links ee u taagoo ee, kiimikada iyo guryaha jirka ah ee xubno ka ah. Si aad u fahamto waxa ay tahay heerka uu qayilo waa marka hore loo baahan yahay in la fahmo waxa la eb laftiisa iyo sida ay u dhaqmo marka la dhiggooda lalana.

Sida la og yahay, eb ka kooban yahay protons, neutrons iyo electrons. The protons iyo electrons, sidoo kale loo yaqaan nucleons, qaab wanaagsan lagu eedeeyay xuduntii electrons negative iilan ku wareegsan. A lacag nuclear wanaagsan waxaa lagu dheelitiri guud negative mas'uul ka ah electrons ah. Sidaas awgeed, la eb ee dhex-dhexaad ah.

electron kasta wuxuu leeyahay heer qaar tamarta, taas oo go'aan ka soo dhawaataan ee ay goobta si ay xudunta u ah, oo u dhaw in ay asaasiga ah - tamarta yar. Waxay waxaa lagu abaabulaa layers. The electrons ka mid ah lakabka leeyihiin ool ah qaab la mid ah sahayda tamarta iyo tamarta heerka ama lakabka electronic. electrons ee dibadda heerka tamarta aan sidoo kale si adag u xidhan tahay xuduntii, si ay uga qayb qaadan karaan falgalka kiimikada. Qaybaha isagoo dibadda ka mid ah afar electrons ee falgalka kiimikada, sida caadiga ah ugu deeqay electrons, iyo kuwa ay leeyihiin shan ilaa toddoba electrons - qaadan.

Waxaa sidoo kale jira xubno ka kiimikada yeedhay gaasas inert, taas oo heerka tamarta dibadda ka kooban siddeed electrons - qadarka suurto gal ah ugu badnaan. Waxay ficil ahaan ma galaan falgalka kiimikada. Sidaas daraaddeed, eb kasta oo looga golleeyahay in lagu "dheeraadka" ay daaha electron dibadda u baahan yahay sideed electrons. Meesha aad ka heli la'yahay? In atamka kale. In geeddi-socodka ah ee kiimikada element reaction la electronegativity weyn "diiro" electrons in element la electronegativity hoose. Electronegativity element kiimikada ku xiran tahay tirada electrons in heerka valence iyo xoog ay soo jiidashada in xuduntii. element An, soo qaado ee electrons, amarka guud negative ka weynaataa amarka wanaagsan xuduntii, halka ugu deeqay electrons - qeybsanaan. Tusaale ahaan, in xarunta ah ee xabagta baaruud SO isagoo oxygen electronegativity sare, baaruudda qaadataa 2 electrons iyo keensataa amar diidmo ah, halka baaruud ayaa wali ah mid aan laba electrons hesha lacag fiican. Xaaladdan oo kale, heerka uu qayilo of ogsijiin si siman u degree ee lagu qayilo baaruud, la calaamad ka soo horjeeda. gobolka qayilo waxaa ku qoran geeska sare ee midigta ah element kiimikada. Tusaalahaan, sida soo socota: S ⁺² O ^-2.

Tusaalaha kor ku xusan waa cadaalad ah sahlay. Dhab ahaantii, ka electrons sare ee ka mid ah la eb marna si buuxda u wareejiyay kale, ay u noqdaan a "caadi ah", sidaas darteed, heerka uu qayilo ka mid ah waxyaabaha had iyo jeer waa ka yar loo qoondeeyey in buugaagta.

Laakiin si ay u fududeeyaan fahanka oo ka mid ah hababka kiimikada ee xaqiiqda waa la dayacay.