Waa maxay lab Alfa ah, iyo in muddo this khuseysaa qof?

Ethologists - yahannada dhawraan dhaqanka xoolaha bulshada - ayaa muddo dheer la yaabay sababta xubnaha lo'da ama ido adeeca hogaamiyaha? Sida loo aqoonsado lab Alfa ah? Oo waxa dhulka adag toosan madaxda u dhisan bulshada xayawaanka gudahood? Marka ay timaado in hal lab la naagaha ah (sida, tusaale ahaan, in digaagga), markaas oo ay jiraan, saynisyahano, oo waxaad ka hor, iyo qarniyada oo xad-dhaaf ah beeralayda ku arkay madaxda isku mid ah, laakiin ka mid ah dhadig jirta. By jidka, xilli markii ugu horaysay waxaa laga codsadaa in ay digaagga, in uu yahay qof dumar ah. In 1922, saynisyahan Norwegian Shyeldruppom-Ebbe diyaariyey "xeerka boos ugu horeysay." cuntada First bilaabataa quudinta dhaddig digaagga Alfa, ka dibna - beta, gamma iyo wixii la mid ah, si ay u omega. Isku dayga in ay u jideeyey, qofka in ay qaataan hadhuudhka madaxa loo isticmaalaa si dhakhso ah u dhigan Peck by xoogbadan, a.

In daayeer, halkaas oo pack uu leeyahay lab a yar iyo Gabdho badan ee Orsada la yidhaahdo (oo ay ku jiraan la jooga wiilashii koray) ayaa sidoo kale si cad u arki lab Alfa xukuma. Calaamadaha xooggiisa loogu muujiyo sifooyinka dibadda: hormoonnada jinsiga keeni koritaanka Miciyahaiyogowsahailkaha, oo dhalaalaysa callosities ischial (ee noocyada qaar ka mid ah). Asal ahaan, in uu meel sare xayawaan evinces inta lagu guda jiro weheshiga ruux. Waxa ayna hubisaa in jirin xubin kale ee bulshada - mana dhallinyarada mana shisheeye - dalab u lahayn in uu guriga naagaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nolosha daanyeer a santuuq ay qaadato ka qaybgalka yar - meel ay aadaan si feed furfuraya dumar ah halyeeyga.

madaxda kale lagu arkay pack a yeey. David Mech, dhowr sano, daawashada dhaqankooda, ayaa sidoo kale ku dooday in anshaxa, midnimada iyo ururka ka mid ah kooxda waxa ay inta badan ku tiirsan shakhsiyadda ee hoggaamiyaha. Alpha lab - in Yeeyi Cunto waa baakada on ugaarsi, ku tunta horeysay Jidka baraf qoto dheer, kicin bulshada in ay nastaan, u doorta Jidka socdaalka. Tan iyo xayawaankani - waa hal xaas iyo inta qoyska, xayawaanka, ilaalinta aamin ah u soo wada-hawlgalayaasha ee baakada isu geeyo labka iyo dheddigga labadaba. Sayidka, labada khadadka jaranjaro loo sameeyay in a adhiga - lab iyo dhaddig. By habka, mararka qaar doorka hogaamiyaha pack iyo in Yeeyi Cunto a ciyaara.

Wolves, ka duwan lab Alfa primate evinces gardarada furan waa dhif. Si ay u ilaaliyaan si nidaamka oo dhan la isticmaalayo calaamadaha audio iyo baaqyada (muujinaysa of Miciyahaiyogowsahailkaha, weerar been ah, warshadu hawada ku of kaadida ka badan meeshii soo horjeeda ee defecated). Intaa waxaa dheer, hogaamiyaha marnaba sheegan oo dhan yeey baakada: beta iyo gamma shakhsiyaad sidoo kale dhalaan farcankaaga. The kaliya ee ka reeban yihiin labka omega, kaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan castrati noolaha. Laakiin tani ma aha at hindisaha ah hogaamiyaha xukuma, iyo sababta oo ah "Mudanayaal" oo dhan in pack waxaa beeniyay this ee u dhow.

Kormeerka ku saabsan hab dhaqanka dadka bulshada (bulshaawiyiin ama daro in ugaarsi) xoolaha ayaa keentay inay aaminsan yihiin in bulshada aadanaha, farsamooyinka la mid ah sida in baakada. Ka dib oo dhan, sapiens faaftay ka soo laabta ee dabiiciga ah, oo waa, in fact, heer xoolaha. isbarbar Kuwani u dhexeeya dhaqanka dadka iyo xayawaanka ee beelaha ay keentay in aragtiyaha kala duwan (eugenics, bulshada Darwinism et al.), Iyada oo ku saleysan xaqiiqda ah in Alfa lab ciday ku qaadataa kaalin hoggaamineed. Gaar ahaan, sababtoo ah ee taariikhda aadanaha oo, aan ka heli tusaalooyin badan oo ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah kooxaha bulshada ku adkeeyay in ay meel adag ee timaha, dharka iyo calaamadaha kale ee shakhsiyaadka si xun u Ciqaab darajo hoos u socda fashion noocan oo kale ah. Waxaa ugu Filan in yeeran mamnuucidda guduud plebs ee qadiimiga Rome ama nidaamka rag & dumar ah ee Hindiya.

Laakiin in bulshada aadanaha, ka duwan xayawaanka, waxaa jira habab badan oo adag. Waxaan arkaynaa guriga, halkii Lagaga ee beelaha ama kooxo gaar ah, ka badan show ah oo xoog badan nin. Xitaa haddii "lab Alfa" xoojiso booska bulshada, waa - by adag simaha ee bulshada aadanaha, xaq u of dhaxal - siin carruurta waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan noqon kuwo ku shakhsiyaadka Alfa, iyo gamma iyo xataa omega. Haddii aan ka hadlo hoggaanka ah "Hogaamiyaha", waxay qaadi karaan da'da, barbaarinta iyo waxbarashada. Haddii, sida ay si qaldan u qaadan daayo Alfa colaad, waa bulshada aadanaha tayo leh si deg deg ah qofka sida a dhigeysa sharciga ka baxsan, oo uu siiyo doorka Sky a. Sida aan ka arki kartaa, image ee "Alfa" ee la xiriirta nin Hashii dhawr ah, laakiin waxa ay weli la beerayaa: waxa loogu yeero "machismo" (ka eraygii ninkii macho - nin dhabta ah).