Naqshadeeye Diyaaradaha Igor Sikorsky: Biography, Been Abuuran

Maanta, Sikorsky Igor Ivanovich iskuna horumarinta guul oo ka mid ah saddex nooc oo waaweyn oo diyaarad casri ah. The diyaarad weyn oo afar-engine, doonyaha duulaya Rafaa oo helicopters badan loo, taas oo door muhiim ah horumarinta duulista, muuqatay mahad hanad ka mid ah diyaaradaha halyeeyga.

Igor Sikorsky: Biography

Aviation horyaal, kuwaas oo dhashay May 25, 1889 ee Kiev, Ukraine (ka dibna - Empire Ruush ah). Aabbihiis, Ivan, wuxuu ahaa dhakhtar iyo professor of cilmi nafsiga. Hooyada ayaa sidoo kale shahaado caafimaad, laakiin dhaqanka marnaba ku lug. dhalasho Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich ay set fikirka - awowayaashiis, tan iyo wakhtigii Peter aan ku yahay midiidinka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush, sidaas darteed, waxay ahaayeen Ruush. Mid ka mid ah uu xusuus horrayn waa warkii hooyo isku dayaya in ay Leonardo da Vinci si aad ugu qorshayso diyaaradaha. Laga soo bilaabo in riyadii of duulaya qabtay uu male, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in uu si joogta ah ka hadlay wax aan macquul aheyn in this cadeeyo. Ugu dambeyntii, at da'da 12 sano, Igor Sikorsky dhisay helicopter model ah. Ka shaqeynta on tamarta ee guutooyinkiisa oo caag qaloocin, qaab-dhismeedka kacay hawada. Hadda wiilka ogaa in riyo ahayn khayaali taxadar la'aan.

safarka u Waxyoon

A dhowr sano ka dib, markii Igor iyo aabihiis ayaa lagu nasanayso Germany, wuxuu bartay oo ka mid ah furayey airship hore sameeya Tirada von Zeppelin. Waxa uu sidoo kale ka akhrisan ku saabsan horyaalka guul walaalaha Wright, oo waxaa lagu dhuftay by xaqiiqada ah in wargeyska sheegay sida guusha weyn ee print yar bogga ugu dambeeya. Waqtigaas, Sikorsky go'aansaday in uu naftiisa u duulista sooco. Its ujeedada gaarka ah waxay ahayd in la horumariyo qalab in dul istaagin karaa hal dhibic ama duuli jiho kasta oo la doonayo - helicopter ah.

Waxa uu si degdeg ah waxay bilaabeen inay fuliyaan tijaabooyin ay qol hotel yar, abuurista rotor ah oo lagu qiyaaso in ay kor u qaad. Marka si Kiev Igor laabtay tuuray Institute Polytechnic oo bilaabay baaritaan ballaaran meelaha baxaya sayniska. Waxa uu ahaa ma ahaayeen labaatan, oo wuxuu lahaa oo xamaasad weyn iyo fikrado badan oo, laakiin waayo-aragnimo wax ku ool ah wax yar oo lacag ah.

School of aeronautics

Igor Sikorsky ugu dhakhsaha badan u tageen inay Paris si ay u iibsadaan ah engine iyo qaybo kale oo uu helicopter. Waxaa, garoonka diyaaradaha ee degmada, urta oo saliid ah castor iyo nooca xasilooneyn, tusaalayaal ka mid ah diyaaradaha gubanaya, isku dayayaan in ay duusho, tagay calaamad ah tirtiri karin on naftiisa. Soon Sikorski biiray cusub ee abuuray, dugsiga aeronautics Faransiis heer sare ah oo aan rasmi ahayn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ardayga doonaya ma fursad si aad u hesho hawada aan helin. Marka aad iibsanayso seddex dhululubo Anzani engine, oo uu kula kulmay Louis Bleriot, oo sidoo kale soo iibsaday engine ee ay monoplane cusub. Dhowr usbuuc ka dib, Bleriot geesinimo galeen taariikhda duulista, ka dhigay horyaalka ugu horeysay ee guud ahaan Channel Ingiriisi ah. Dhacdadani waxa ay si qoto dheer u saameeyeen taariikhiga horumarinta dheeraad ah ee duulimaadyada.

design ugu horeysay ee

By bartamihii 1909-, Igor Sikorsky dhameystiray helicopter ugu horeysay. Laakiin, aan loo eegayn inta uu dual counter-qoqobada rotor hawada, unit ayaa muujisay rabitaan ugu yar in ay u guuraan. Sikorski dambeyntii dhisay biplane iyo bishii June ee isla sannadkaas waxaa la kiciyey dhowr mitir hawada. Sida uu ku guul waayo, in alla iyo toban ilbiriqsi dhadhamiyey. In bilaha soo socda, Igor abuuray prototypes kale iyaga ka dhigay diyaarad gaaban oo inta badan kala jejebiyey, kaas oo ahaa aan caadi ahayn in maalmaha hore ee duulista. Laakiin waxa uu isticmaalayo meelaha la yeelin, waxaa loo dhisay sida soo socota, model wanaagsanaaday. Sikorski aan niyad by failure ugu horeeyay, sababtoo ah wax badan ka bartay oo ku saabsan helicopter ah oo uu hubay in haddii aan la raacin by diyaaradda, mid ka mid ah in isaga dabadiis ahaan doona, weligaa hubi inaad sii xumaada.

aqoonsi

By guga hore 1910 si ay u tijaabiso labaad ee isku xigta rotorcraft waxaa loo diyaariyey, kaas oo si hagar la'aan shaqeeyay Sikorski ah. helicopter waxa uu ahaa sida madax adag sida uu abuuray. naqshadeeye Adkaysi ahaa lagu naalloon karo, laakiin waxa uu si tartiib tartiib ah ay u soo gunaanaday murugo laga yaabaa inuu ka hor inta uusan waqtiga ahaa iyo waa in la dhiso diyaaradaha dhaqameed yimid.

Sanado badan, xirfadiisa Sikorsky Diyaaradaha ee weli laga badinin hortiisa riyadiisii si ay u dhisaan helicopter ah oo si dhab ah guul. Si dhakhso ah uu ka helay shahaadada ee tijaabo ah oo ka mid ah aeroclub Imperial All-Russia iyo farsamooyinkooda military dhow Kiev ayaa muujiyey in ay C-5. Waxaa jira diyaarad la kulmay Tsar Nicholas II. model Next C-6a heshay abaalmarinta ugu sareysa ee show hawada ee Moscow ka. Laakiin dhacdada yar, marka, maxaa yeelay of line a shidaalka kaneecada dhaafiyay, iyo Sikorsky ayaa lagu qasbay in la sameeyo degtey xaalad deg deg ah, soo baxday in lagu dhinto.

"Ilya Muromets" - Shirkadda diyaaradda

Dhacdadan ayaa keentay diyaarad si fikradda kordhinta isku halaynta of diyaarad iyadoo la isticmaalayo matoorada badan - fikradda aan caadi ahayn iyo xag waqti. Sikorski soo jeediyey in la dhiso biplane afar-engine weyn (waayo, wakhtigii) size. Diyaaradan ayaa waxaa lagu naanayso "Grand". In hore ee diyaaradda ahaa a balakoonka banaanka weyn. A qol rakaabka bannaan oo ku yaalla ka dambeeya qol ah.

In May 1913 diyaaradaha sameeyaa samaysay duulimaadkeedii ugu horeeyay. duulimaadka Tani waxa ay ahayd daqiiqad raali shakhsi ah oo weyn, sida badan Sikorski ayaa sheegay in sida diyaarad weyn ma duuli karto. Iimaan in fikradaha iyo sida ay uga go'an inuu ku soo shirtagi in iyaga u gaar ah boqol weyneeya aaminsan yahay. Tsar Nicholas II yimid inaad kormeerto ah "Grand" iyo horumarinta afar-engine naqshadeeye ugu horeysay diyaarad diyaarad ayaa soo bandhigay gaadhka xardhan. Dhiirigelinayaa by Sikorsky dhisay diyaarad xitaa weyn, loogu magac daray "Ilya Muromets". Diyaaradan ayaa lahaa buundada furan kor sooctey, halkaas oo rakaab geesi taagnaan kari oo wuxuu ku raaxaysan muuqaal hoose. Markab Big jiray dareen ah in ciidamada, iyo wakiillo ka socda ciidamada badda ee Ruushka ee ku yimid Petrograd inaad kormeerto tusaale ahaan, qalabaysan dakad.

Adduunka ugu horreeya ee

Ka dib dilkii Ferdinand Austria Archduke Franz ee Russia sugan yahay marxad dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. "Ilya Muromets" waxaa loo beddelaa qarxiyay ah, taas oo noqotay saldhigga weerar hawada Ruush dhaliyay kooxda Jarmalka. Guud ahaan, diyaaradda ka qeyb galay in ka badan 400 oo tageen, oo mid ka mid kaliya ee ku burburay dab lidka diyaaradaha. Marka in 1917 kacaanka Bolshevik ku xaaqay boqortooyadii, geesiga sheekada go'aansaday inuu ka tago dalka. In xagaagii 1918 Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich, kuwaas oo qoyska uu ku sugnaa gudaha dalka Russia, tegaayo oo dhan alaabtaada, oo wuxuu aaday inuu Paris, halkaas oo uu ka bilaabay inuu qorsheeyo Qarax weyn oo loogu talagalay United States Service Air ee Army. Laakiin dhamaadka dagaalka soo afjaray inuu shuqulkiisii. Dhawr bilood ka dib, ayuu u haajiray dalka Maraykanka, si ay u gutaan Sikorsky riyadii uu noolaa. Maraykanka gudihiisa, oo wuxuu lahaa oo aan lahayn saaxiibo ama lacag. Laakiin waxa uu ahaa mid la waxyooday, maxaa yeelay, waxaan mooday in dalka this dadka qaba fikradaha taagan waxay leeyihiin fursad guusha.

Hammada American

waqti gaaban ka dib markii uu ka shaqeeyay in shirkadda "McCook Field" ee Dayton, Ohio, caawiyo si ay u horumariyaan a super-qarxiyay. Laakiin halka diyaaradda waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay laan dhimanayaan ee warshadaha iyo shaqo la'aan Sikorski soo laabtay New York. Ma aha shaqo in industry duulista helo, wuxuu bilaabay inuu cashar ee soo galootiga Ruushka ee xisaabta iyo xiddigaha. Isla mar ahaantaana, uu ka qeyb galay airfields maxalliga ah iyo diyaaradaha shisheeyayaal longingly daawaday. Igor bilaabay inuu Waanininaa saabsan mowduuca Duulista iyo xaqiijisatay fursad dhaqaale uu ku soo laabto oo uu sabab ugu jeceshahay. Sikorsky horumariyo diyaaradda mataanaha-engine ganacsi, oo awood u siday 12 ilaa 15 rakaab ah - horseed ee diyaaradaha casriga ah.

ugu horeeyay American

Ka dib markii aruursaday lacagta loo baahan yahay, Sikorsky bilaabay dhismaha diyaaradaha ee barn ee beer digaag on Long Island ah. Laakiin qaybo dhan oo aan lacag ku filan, oo uu wax badan oo ka mid ah qaybaha ku habboon ka meelha maxaliga ah loo isticmaalo. matoorada waxay ahaayeen jir ah, dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Ugu dambeyntii, laxamiistaha ugu weyn Ruush Sergei Rachmaninoff badbaadiyay Times wadanka in qadarka $ 5,000. Marka diyaarad cusub wuxuu ahaa diyaar u samaysay duulimaadkeedii ugu horeeyay, ee diyaaradaha sideed kaaliyayaasha soo ururiyey on board. Igor Sikorsky ogaaday in ay ahayd qalad, laakiinse waxaan iyaga ku ma diidi karaan. Ka dib markii gaabis ah u bilaabaan matoorada ku fashilmay, iyo Igor sameeyey deg deg ah, si xun dhaawac diyaaradda. Waxa ay u muuqatay in tani ay ahayd dhamaadka. Laakiin Sikorski dheer ka hor bartay ma in ay kor u siin iyo dhowr bilood ka dib markii dib loo soo celiyo diyaarad loo yaqaan C-29-A. Letter "A" halkan waxaa loola jeedaa erayga "America". C-29-A ahayd diyaarad la yaab wanaagsan, xaqiijiyo guusha maaliyadeed ee shirkadda Sikorsky. Aviator Roscoe Turner iibsaday diyaaradda si ay u fuliyaan duulimaadyo joogto ah oo charter. Later unit makhribkii la isticmaalo sida dukaan sigarka duulaya.

In 1926, dunida duulista dhan ahaa faraxsanahay abaalmarinta in qadarka $ 25,000, taas oo ay la soo jeediyay by qofka ugu horeeya oo ah kii thro diyaarad u dhaxeeya New York iyo Paris. Sikorski la weydiiyay in la dhiso biplane ah saddex-engine weyn a geesi dagaal oo Faransiis Rene Fonck, la qorsheeyey in ay helaan abaalmarinta a. markabka ayaa ku degdegsanaa diyaarinta finalka ka hor dhamaadka imtixaanka horyaalka. Inta lagu guda jiro duushay diyaarad buux dhaqaaqay iyada oo taallo ciid ah. In yar ilbiriqsi, ayuu u soo jeestay galay dhalisay dabka ah oo ololaysa. Fonck dirqi kaga baxsaday, laakiin laba shaqaale ah ayaa lagu dilay. Ku dhawaad islamarkiiba geesi reer France a amar ku bixiyay in diyaarad kale mar labaad in ay isku dayaan in ay helaan abaalmarinta. Laakiin ka hor in la dhisay, qofna ma oga Charles Lindbergh dhameystiray duulimaadka Solo guud ahaan Badweynta Atlantic ah, wuxuu heli doonaa abaalmarinta iyo jaceylka malaayiin dad ah.

"The American clipper"

Mar kale, shirkadda Sikorsky Dagaalami ee jiritaankeeda. Markaas ayuu go'aansaday in la dhiso amphibian mataanaha-engine a. Diyaaradda ayaa ahayd mid aad u wax ku ool ah oo lagu kalsoonaan karo, iyo Sikorsky abuuray raxan ka mid ah diyaaradaha. Ku dhawaad islamarkiiba, American Pan ku Airways isticmaalo lafdhabarka u ah dhismaha wadooyinka hawada cusub ee Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta America.

Soon Sikorski lahaa amar ka badan uu dhammays tiri karin. Wuxuu habayn shirkadda oo la dhisay warshad cusub ee Stratford, Conn. Sannad ka dib, shirkadda noqday hoosaad kulligeed iska leh "United Diyaaradaha Corporation". Sikorsky bixiyey si ay u dhisaan diyaarad weyn seaworthy gaadiidka si Pan Am, taas oo ahayd in ay noqdaan horyaal ah oo duurka ku ah gaadiidka dadw-Oceanic. Adkaade "American Clipper" waa nooca labaad ee cusub ee diyaaradaha, naqshadeeye diyaaradaha abuuray. The dhinacyada diyaaradda waa ku dhowaad laba jeer size of diyaarad kale waqti. Dhamaadkii 1931, ka dib markii Mrs. Gerbert Guver "cross" "Clipper", Charles Lindbergh ka dhigtay in ay duulimaad ay ka Miami in Panama Canal.

Tani doon duulaya badan oo ahaa horseed u ah taxane ah oo aparata la mid ah in laami marinnada hawada ee Mareykanka ee guud ahaan badaha. Ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee ahaa C-42, kaas oo lagu soo dhamaystay 1934 oo uu leeyahay sifooyin u fiican oo karti Lindbergh maalintii dhigay diiwaanka 8 dunida si dhaqso leh, kala duwan iyo payload! Muddo gaaban kaddib, Pan Am doon duulaya loo isticmaalaa in lagu xiriir hawada u dhaxaysa Mareykanka iyo Argentina furo. Lix bilood ka dib, mid kale "Clipper" duulay ee Alameda, California iyo furay wadada cirka ah si Hawaii. Taasi waxaa xigay marinada kale ee hawada ee guud ahaan Pacific si New Zealand. In 1937, kale "clipper" ka dhigay horyaalka ugu horeysay si joogto ah guud ahaan North Atlantic. Haddaba diyaarad weyn transatlantic Sikorsky ayaa ku hawlan gaadiidka ganacsiga iyada oo labada bada ugu weyn.

Dream rumowday

Inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo dhanna waxay sano naqshadeeye diyaaradaha guul Igor Sikorsky marna ha ilaawin in uu jecel yahay in la dhiso helicopter ah oo la taaban karo. Waxa uu marna ka fikiray, waxa ka mid ah sida farsamada ah, halkii ay ahayd riyo, uu doonayo in uu keeno in nolosha ka badan wax kasta oo kale. In 1939, Sikorsky ugu danbeyn ogaaday goolka uu noolaa, isagoo horumariyo helicopter ugu horeysay ee dhabta ah. Laakiin qalabka waa sida dhibaato cusub oo ay adag tahay in naqshadeeye ahaa in uu iska sooco, si ay u xaliyo. Waxa ay ahayd oo caqabad ku ah in uu ku baaqay in sirdoonka, tamarta oo dhan oo jecel inuu u duulo. Laakiin guusha oo intaasu waxay ahayd fursad uu mar kale u noqon on qarka u saaran inay tartan cusub, kaas oo muddo dheer ku riyoonayay Sikorsky. helicopter ayaa ahaa diyaarad a Ujeedada shakhsi muddo ka badan saddex sano. Haddaba, guga ee 1939, wuxuu bilaabay in uu design, iyadoo la isticmaalayo fikrado ku ururtay waagaas oo dhan. By September unit ahaa diyaar u tahay imtixaan ugu horeysay. Mashiinka lahaa mid weyn iyo laba fur yar dhamaadka qaybtii embriyaha of sooctey - si uu uga hortago Xuddunta. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa loo isticmaalaa habka gaarka ah ee beddelo xagal ee garbaha rotor inta lagu jiro wareeg. In cajiib gaaban muddo lix bilood ah waqtiga waxaa soo celiyey mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka fogaaday ee duulimaadyada.

isbedel lagu sameeyo si design ee 1941. Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich samatabbixiyey rikoorka ugu horeysay ee muddo of diyaarad - 1 saac 5 daqiiqo iyo 14 ilbiriqsi. Laba maalmood ka dib, ku qalabaysan sabbaysiinaynaa of mishiinka ayaa ku soo bilaaban labada on dhulka iyo biyaha on. Sidaas Sikorski dhigay inuu kaalin seddexaad muhiim ah in duulimaadyada bixitaankii riyadii of mishiin duulaya qalaad, taas oo u adeegi doonaa adeeg ka kaamilsan aadanaha iyo yaab dunida ay dhaqaajinta ka xoogbadan, ee hawada. Waxaa intaa dheer, helicopter waxay noqon doontaa taallo in nin la taagyeero iimaanka riyo weyn oo xitaa ka badan is-kalsooni, taas oo loo ogol yahay in ay gaaraan goolka.

Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich, war abuurashadoodii ah kuwaas oo ka tagay calaamad dareemi on taariikhda duulista, dhintay October 26, 1972.