Andrey Vezaly iyo doorkiisii xagga daawada

Andrey Vezaly - aasaasaha anatomy sayniska. Buug uu qoray weyn De humini corporus fabrica, aasaasay sanadkii 1543kii, waa anatomy ugu horeeyay ee si buuxda u muujiyey ee jirka aadanaha. Waxaa ku salaysan aragtida saynisyahano, oo uu sameeyey furitaanka, oo Beeniyey kumanyaalka kun ee sano ee qalad ee ku yaala goobahan ee khibradda. Andrey Vezaly - Aqoonyahan of Renaissance ah. Wuxuu ahaa professor ah anatomy ee Jaamacadda Padua iyo dhakhtar of Quduuska Roman Emperor Charles V.

Andrey Vezaly: Biography gaaban

Vesalius waxa uu ku dhashay on 31 December 1514 ee Brussels. Waqtigaas, magaalada qayb ka mid ah Roman Empire Quduuska ah ahaa. Maanta waa caasimadda ah ee Belgium. Andrew ayaa ka mid ahaa afar carruur ah - wuxuu lahaa laba walaalo ah iyo gabadh walaashiis ah. Aabbihiis, Anders Van Wesel, wuxuu ahaa kan cadarsameeyaha oo maxkamadda ee Margaret ee Austria. Hooyo, Isabel Crabbe, korinta carruurta guriga barwaaqo ah, oo ku yaalla xaafad mudan dhow madaxtooyada Koudenberg ah, halkaas oo uu ka shaqeeyay sida aabbe wiil.

Vesalius galay dugsiga ee lix sano. Malaha, waxa uu ahaa dugsiga ee bahda ee Catholic ee Brussels. Waayo, 9 sano uu guuleysto xisaabta, Latin iyo luqado kale, iyo sidoo kale si fiican bartay mabaadi'da diinta Catholic. Aabbihiis inta badan ka maqnaa shaqada ku. Oo yarkii, dhiirigelinayaa by hooyadiis in ay qaataan cagaha baadari ee, lacagta buuxda ee maktabadda si fiican loo dhaansan ee qoyska.

college

At da'da 15, Andrey Vezaly tegey University of Louvain. Waxaa ku yaal 30 kiiloomitir bariga Brussels. Waxa ay ahayd daqiiqad kibirkii qoyska, oo aabbahay lagu reebay si ay u helaan waxbarasho sare, tan iyo ma wuxuu ku dhashay guur. Sidee, ka dibna, waxa la sameeyey Vesalius bartay farshaxanka iyo Laatiin. Waxa uu sidoo kale ka adkaan Cibraaniga iyo Greek. Ka dib markii Master of Arts in a 1532, uu qirtay inuu dugsi qiimaha caafimaadka ee jaamacadda Paris.

Paris School Medical

Andrey Vezaly bilaabay inuu cilmiga caafimaadka ee 1533, isagoo jira da'da 19 sano. saameyn weyn ku shaqo ee ardayda xarfaanta ah leedahay dhakhtarka qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga Klavdiya Galena, qoraal ah 1300 sano ka hor markuu iyagii la kulmay. waxbarista Kuwan waxaa loo arkaa runta buuxda oo kaamil ah. Inta badan galku jidh ee Galen la sameeyey furitaanka xoolaha, inta badan koroowga, sidii iyagoo aan aad loo ogolaaday inaan falanqaynaya dadka.

Andrey Vezaly sida anatomist ah ku leedahay wax badan oo uu macallinka of anatomy Guinteru Johann von Andernach, kuwaas oo la turjumay qoraalka Giriigga ee hore galay Latin Galen. Like dhakhtar Greek qadiimiga, wuxuu ka fikiray-aragnimada qof ahaaneed iyo daawashada ee sida ugu fiican ee si aad u hesho aqoon jidh. Inta badan oo noocan ah aadanaha halka keliya sameeyay ujeedada si loo hubiyo ardayda oo dhan qoray Galen iyo Hippocrates ahaa runta.

Intii lagu guda jiray dibad-caadiga ah ee lagu qalo ama dhakhtar qalliin oo si aad u samayso dhimista loo baahan yahay iyo macalinka, oo fadhiya sarreeya jidhka, waxaan akhriyey meelihii la xiriira ka qadiimiga ah u shaqeeyo oo mashxarad. Kaaliyaha caawiyaa ardayda, fiiqaya in ay jirkooda ka wada hadleen. Tan iyo qoraalka ee qadiimiga ma qaadi karaan qaladaad kasta, ardayda ayaa looma oggola in ay su'aalo weydiiso ama aad kaga hadli dissection ah. khilaafaadka Waxbarashada waxaa sida caadiga ah la macaamilooday turjumidda saxda ah ee shuqulladiisa qadiimiga ah, ma anatomy.

Guinter von Andernach ahaa nooca naadir ah ee macallinka iyo kuwa wakhtigaas. Waxa uu ogol yahay ardayda uu isaga qudhiisu falanqaynaya. Inkasta oo gudniinka waa xukuman yahay jaamacadaha ugu. Sida caadiga ah, waxaa fuliyay qaliin Dambiilayaasha qaybshay, oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay wax dulleeya oo loogu talagalay dadka aqoon in ay la soo xareeyaan Arrimaha Didabadda ka qabtaan.

Talanti Vesalius Guintera si wacdaro in uu isaga codsaday in ay caawiyaan buug on galenovo anatomy Institutiones anatomicae. Shaqada waxaa la daabacay 1536. Waxaa Guinter amaanay arday 21-jir ah: "Tani waa nin dhallinyaro ah oo rajo leeyahay aqoon fiican oo daawada, waa si fiican ugu Latin iyo Greek oo aad u khibrad anatomy ah."

Louvain School Medical

Andrey Vezaly ayaa lagu qasbay inuu ka tago Paris ee 1536, sida u dhexeeya France iyo Roman Empire Quduuska ah, dagaal ka qarxay. ayuu u soo University of Louvain soo laabtay si uu u dhameystiro cilmiga caafimaadka. Isaga oo khibrad anatomy waxaa si deg deg ah loo aqoonsan yahay. Soon Vesalius waxaa la baray si ay u dhawraan oo faallo qaliin ah, ayaa ku dhintay noblewoman si lama filaan ah 18-sano jir ah. Anatomy haweenka dhallinyarada ah waqtiga ahaa failed. Vesalius waxaa ka sasay by kasbay qalliinka iyo la wareegay qaliin ah.

Inkastoo wacyiga ba'an ee ay waayo-aragnimo u koraya, waxa uu weli kuma faraxsana wixii uu aqoonta anatomy aadanaha. Vesalius ogaaday in Qoraallada ka badan wax awoodaan in ay baro ma noqon doonto. Haddaba, Andrew lahaa dumiyo caqabadaha aqoon taagay by professor duug ah ee daawada, oo ahaa ku faraxsan yihiin inay caabudaan Galen iyo Hippocrates. Waayo, cilmi baarista uu u baahan yahay jidhka bini'aadamka.

Wax yar ka dib uu ku soo laabtay Louvain Andrey Vezaly iyo saaxiibkiis ay helin meydkii ah ku dhawaad dhamaystiran oo dambi ah toogasho ah, ku hadhay furan. Soo bandhigay fursad ay ahayd mid aad u wanaagsan in ay ha iska fogeeyey xagooda. habeenkaas Vesalius dusay jidhka, la afduubay iyo waxa dissected, waxa lafaha ah, kaas oo markaas loo isticmaalaa sida gargaar ah muuqaal ah samaynta. Si aan si kicin shaki, wuxuu la iman sheekada isaga ka soo bixiyey Paris. Iyada oo qaliin bandhig loogu talagalay ardayda, Vesalius in Louvain noqday bare ka Qolyihii aan rasmiga ahayn ee anatomy. In 1537, at 22 jir, in uu helay shahaadada bachelor ah ee duurka ku ah daawada.

Andrey Vezaly: Biography ah cilmiga

kali dhallinyarada doonayay in uu noqdo dhakhtar. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, wuxuu u baahan yahay si aad u hesho shahaadada looga baahan yahay. Si taas loo gaaro, ayuu ku qoran ee Jaamacadda Padua ee waqooyiga Italy. Professor si deg deg ah xaqiiqsadeen in Vesalius ahaa arday gaar ah. Ku dhawaad islamarkiiba, waxay isaga u ogol yahay inay ka gudbaan imtixaannada kama dambaysta ah. Nin hibada dhallinyarada kaliya in waqti ay dhalashadiisa saddex iyo labaatanaad helay uu doctorate. Macalimiintu waxay si deg deg ah isaga doortay sida professor ah anatomy iyo qalliin.

Andrey Vezaly shuqulladeedu ay ugu muhiimsan ee ku qori doonaa in Padua. Wuxuu ahaa ba'ani ka war baahida loo qabo naqshadeynta iyo qalabka muuqaalka kaa caawin karta ardayda fahmi anatomy ah. Vesalius iyaga loo isticmaalo inta lagu jiro qaliin ah. Sannaddii kowaad oo professorship, in 1538-m, uu daabacay Tabulae galmada anatomicae -. «Lix loox jidh" sawirada Visual waxaa weheliya qoraalada la sameeyey intii uu furitaanka dadweynaha ugu horeysay ee Padua Andrey Vezaly. Kaloy anatomy ee cilmiga waa la dafiri karin. Waxay ahayd beerka diagrammatic views, halbowlayaasha iyo nidaamka arooriyaha, iyo lafaha. Buuggu wuxuu si degdeg ah u noqday aad loo jecel yahay. Waxaa midkood soo guuriyeen.

In 1539, waxbarashada jidh Vesalius ayaa taageeray by xaakinnadii reer Padua. Waxa uu noqday xiiso shuqulka saynisyahano oo bilaabay inuu siiyo la meydadkii dambiilayaasha toogasho for dissection. Waqtigaa, Vesalius caddaatay in anatomy ee Galen ahayd sax ahayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sawirka ku gabaynayo ka mid ah fikradaha - waa adag tahay iyo mararka qaarkood halis ah. Xataa jeer ka badan la soo dhaafay sidoo kale marar badan, fikrado cusub in ay la dagaallanto ay xaq u jiro, xitaa hadii ay caawinayso caddayntu xoog leh. Vesalius ayaa sidoo kale ku doodeen aragtida xagjir ah in adkaaday for 1,300 sano.

In "Lix loox jidh" halkii si ay u sharxaan aragtidooda ee koorsada of cilmi casri ah, saynisyahan tageen oo tanaasulaad dhaqan. Andrey Vezaly bandhigay beerka foom Dr Makumbe - foomka of ubax sanno. wadnaha iyo quseyo sida ay u sharaxeen iyaga Galen wuxuu taswiiran - kuwanu waxay ahaayeen maydadka daayeer, ma aadanaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lafaha, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay soo saaraan kacaan, inkastoo daahsoon. Vezaliy tusay daanka aadanaha, oo ka kooban hal, halkii laba lafaha sida Galen sheegay in si qaldan.

Letter on daadinta

Intaa waxaa dheer, Vesalius ee mini-fallaago sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay doodda ku saabsan venostomy ama daadinta dhiigga. Farsamadan waxaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo ama yareeyaan calaamadaha bukaanka. Dhakhaatiirta ku dooday ku saabsan halka loo sameeyo xididka qalay - u dhow meesha dhaawaca ama meel fog isaga ka. Dooda kor u kacday, sababtoo ah dhakhaatiirtu isku hallaysay turjumaad ah Carabi shuqulladii Galen - shuqulladiisa asalka Giriigga ma ay heli Yurub tan iyo jeer Roman. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dayrta ee Constantinople bedelay xaaladda. Oo haddana shaqo ee Galen loo baran karaa in asalka ah. Dhakhaatiirta ayaa lagu ogaaday in qoraalka Giriigga mararka qaarkood waa u arkayo tarjumaadda Carabi, taas oo ay ku riyaaqay, waayo, sidaas dheer.

In 1539, at 24 jir, Vesalius warqad of daadinta qoray. Ma aha ku simaha dhinaca wixii isbeddel ah ee Kacaanka, mar kale uu ku xadgudbay dhaqanka guud aqbalo, in ay ka hadlaan indhaynta iyaga u gaar ah halkii ay ka soo xiganaya qoraalka classic. Vesalius waxa ay hadda ka go'an in ay raadsadaan runta on iyaga u gaar ah, halkii ay ku tiirsan shaqo ee dadka kale.

ah ee anatomy cusub

In 1540, at 25 jir, Andrey Vezaly bilaabay ka shaqeeya ah anatomy buugaagta Illustrated De humini corporus fabrica ( «On dhismeedka jidhka aadanaha"). Buugani wuxuu ahaa shaqada ugu weyn. In 1543kii-m Vesalius qaatay nasasho ah ee Jaamacadda Padua. Oo wuxuu u kacay Basel, Switzerland, si uu u dhameystiro diyaarinta buugga daabacid.

"On dhismeedka jidhka aadanaha" ahaa mugga shaqo cajiib ah 700 pages in toddoba Muga. Its saameyn muuqaal ah - in ka badan 270 sawirada xiiso leh - waxay ahayd weyn. In mugga labaad, tus, bandhigay images la yaab leh oo faahfaahsan dadka taxane ah oo sawirada muujinaya qaab dhismeedka muruqa lakabka-by-lakabka ee jirka. Tiradani waxay u badan tahay in ay noqdaan kuwa ugu caansan ee taariikhda images caafimaad.

Way adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad muhiimadda ay leedahay buugga, taas oo la qoray by Andrey Vezaly. Kaloy daawada ahaa weyn. Intaa waxaa dheer, sheyga waa guul muhiim ah taariikhda farshaxanka. Nasiib darro, magaca artist ah, ayaa la soo shaqeeyay cilmiga ah, mid aan la garaneyn. images ayaa la socda sharaxaad ku saabsan muruqyada.

Ma aha la yaab leh in, siin maalka sawirada iyo mugga weyn, kitaabkii ahayd iibka qaali ah. Waxaa loogu talagalay dhakhaatiirta, maktabadaha iyo dabaqadda sare. Ogaaday in dadka kale laga yaabaa in ay xiiso u shuqulkiisa, qoraaga sii daayay isku mar la taaban karo, buug dheeraad ah ka heli karo la sawiro ka yar loo yaqaan Epitome. Andrey Vezaly ee "epitome" of sawirada loo isticmaalo jidhkooda badan oo dheeraad ah lab ka badan dumarka, malaha maxaa yeelay lab Dambiilayaasha toogasho ahaayeen inta ka badan dumar ah.

Fabrica noqday aasaasihii sayniska casriga ah ee anatomy aadanaha. Waxaa go'aan ka qarxay la Galen iyo Hippocrates. Andrey Vezaly furitaanka ay ku salaysan oo keliya waxa dhab ahaan arkay at qaliin, iyo ma waxa la filayaa. Halkan waxaa ku qoran qaar ka mid ah bayaanada uu:

• ma salka qalbiga ku leeyihiin lafaha. Her description ee Galen dhab loola jeedaa in carjawda salka deerada wadnaha iyo xayawaanka kale, taas oo bedesheen sidii xoolo oo kale ah ee gabow.
• sternum wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex halkii toddoba meelood sida la sheegtay Galen, ku salaysan daayeer qaliin.
• septum The qalbiga ma aha iska furan. In waxa jira godad lahayn.
• Vena Vienna bilaabmaa ee wadnaha oo aan beerka sida la sheegtay Galen.
• Ma jiro jirka sida mirabile ku Rete - «plexus" halbowlayaasha gudaha ah mucjisada ah, kaas oo la sheegay in uu hogaaminayo xagga qalbiga ka maskaxda.
• Ragga iyo dumarka waxay leeyihiin tiro la mid ah feeraha. The wakiilada jinsi xoog aan la la'yahay feeraha, sida ay noqotay wax caadi rumaystay.
• Ragga iyo dumarka waxay leeyihiin tiro la mid ah ilkaha. Galen sidoo kale sheegay in hore waa ka badan.

akhristayaasha Inta badan buugga waxaa wanaagsan kulmay. Waxa uu noqday tixraac ee anatomists halis ah iyo dhakhaatiirta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah dhakhaatiirta iyo saynisyahano dareemay hanjabay maxaa yeelay mustaqbalkooda waxay u dhisay on shaqo ee Galen, iyo Vesalius weeraray.

Tusaale ahaan, Yakob Silvy, kaas oo baray Andrew ee Paris, uu ardaygu hore tilmaamay calumniator iskibriya iyo jaahil kuwa khiyaanada ku weeraray macallinkiisa la Been Abuur dagaal badan, iyo mar kale in ka badan in ka badan baddalayso runta ah ee dabiiciga ah. this oo waxay ku yidhaahdeen, si uu isagu sidaas aarguday xertiisa, kuwaas oo hore u sheegay in habka waxbaridda Sylvia, waa in la baaro meydka bisadaha iyo eyda halkii dadka aan awoodin in ay keeni horumarka sayniska ee anatomy aadanaha.

sidoo kale Andrey Vezaly 'On dhismeedka jidhka aadanaha "ka go'an in ay ka Emperor Charles V. wuxuu isaga siiyey nuqul ka mid ah gaar ah oo ku daabacan soo Dejino. ina A Epitome Vesalius Nagi Charles - Prince Philip.

dhakhtarkaaga maxkamadda

Marka gooyo arkay buugga, kuwaas oo ah qoraaga ahayd Andrey Vezaly, Biography ee cilmiga ka dhigay jeedo kale - waxaa loo magacaabay dhakhtarka qoyska Imperial. Waxa uu iska casilay ah borofisar ka tirsan Padua, inuu noqdo wakiilka guri ammaan shanaad Vesalius ah, kuwaas oo ahaa in hawshii maxkamadda. Sida dhakhtar-dhakhtar, oo wuxuu lahaa oo ay ugu adeegaan ciidanka. Markii uu dagaalku bilaabay, Vesalius loo diray dagaalka sida dhakhtar qalliin oo. Caadaysteen in ay la shaqeeyaan meydadka, oo wuxuu la dagaallamay in ay la tacaalaan bukaanka ku nool. Dhakhtar khibrad Daza Chacon ka caawiyay isaga bartaan sida inay si dhakhso ah u qabtaan goynta loo isticmaalo.

Winter 1543kii Vesalius in Italy yimid si ay u qabtaan in qolka dissecting ah, ka dibna guga ee 1544 ugu horeeyay ee ciidamada ku soo laabtay. Waxa uu noqday dhakhtar qalliin oo aad u fiican. Mid ka mid ah waajibaadka maxkamadda Vesalius waxaa la mariyey meydad kuwa gobta hodanka ah, kuwaas oo ku dhintay dagaalka. Tani waxay ogol yahay isaga si ay u sameeyaan cilmi-baadhis jidh dheeraad ah, qaadan karaysid iyo ka dhigi indhaynta.

In dhexe ee 1544 ayaa lagu dhawaaqey dunida. Oo Andrey Vezaly, qalliin, ku soo laabtay is ogow gooyo iyo maxkamadda deegaanka ka raaxo badan. Sumcadiisa sii waday in ay koraan sida uu waraaqo ka dhakhaatiir badan oo Yurub helay inay ku siiyaan talo in xaaladaha ugu adag.

In 1556, Emperor Charles V uu xilka ugu wareejiyey wiilkiisa Philip. In mahadnaq, Vesalius, kuwaas oo u soo jeestay 41 sano jir ah, oo uu adeeg aamin, Charles isaga siiyey hawlgabka ee Meyeydaan oo horyaalka laandheere reer Tirinta-Palatine. dhakhtar Maxkamadda sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan, hadda in hawshii Philip.

Xajka

Andrey Vezaly weheliyay Philip ee Madrid, laakiin waxaa jira ayuu ahaa, nolosha ma ku riyaaqayaa. dhakhaatiirta Spanish daaweeyo cudurka, ku tiirsan mooshinka ka mid ah xiddigaha. Dissection of meydadka aadanaha ayaa lagu reebay. Waxay dhammaan u muuqdeen halkii dib ugu. Intaa waxaa dheer, Philip fadilay daaweynta caafimaad dhaqameedyada, ma cilmiyaysan oo casri ah. Vesalius caddaatay inuusan marnaba noqon doonaa dhakhtar sare oo ahaa taliyihii dhistariga.

In 1561, professor ah anatomy Gabriele Fallopian, kuwaas oo meesha hore ee Andrew qabtay Jaamacadda Padua, kan u diray nuqul ka mid ah buug uu qoray yeedhay Observationes Anatomicae. Waxa uu ku yiri, "On dhismeedka jidhka aadanaha", tilmaanta saaxiibtinimo soo baxay qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha u dhexeeya shaqo ee Vesalius iyo indha indheyn ka dib isaga u gaar ah. Waxa uu sidoo kale cadeeyay in ay si xun u xanuunsan.

In 1564 Fallopian dhintay. Department of anatomy ee Padua noqday bannaan. Isla sanadkaas Vesalius tagay Spain, tegey on Xajka xagga Yeruusaalem. Ilo extant kala duwan ku andacoodaan in uu soo diray by Philip si ay u sameeyaan Xajka sida calaamad toobadda. Emperor ayaa sida la filayo go'aan ka dib markii qoyska sharaf leh loo soo sheegay ee anatomy ee kacaan ah ee reer Spain inay xaalkaas qaliin ay sharaf leh qalbigiisu weli ku garaaceen.

Dhammaan wararka, kuwaas oo ku salaysan yihiin il keli ah - warqad, sheegay in uu qoray in 1565 by Kabay diblomaasi Hubert. Waxay u badan tahay in ay been abuur in 50 sano dhimashadii anatomist ka dib. Andrey Vezaly, kuwaas oo Biography aan cabeen by xaqiiqooyinka sida (dukumenti oo kowaad xaqiijinaya eedeymaha isaga ka gees ah, ma), malaha u tageen inay trick la Xajka ah inuu si xor ah ka tago maxkamad Philip ee Spain, dabadeedna soo noqda in Padua.

nolosha Personal iyo geeri

In 1544 Vesalius guursaday gabadhii taliye hodan ku Brussels - Anne Van Hamme. Waxay lahaa hal cunug, gabar, kuwaas oo ku dhashay 1545. Waalidiinta magacaabay Anna. qoyska noolaa wada wakhtiga intiisa badan. Laakiin marka Vesalius bilowday uu Xajka Yeruusaalem, xaaskiisa iyo gabadhiisa Brussels ku soo laabtay.

saynisyahan The helay Yeruusaalem, halkaas oo uu ka helay warqad martiqaad ah in guddoomiyaha anatomy iyo qalliinka ee Jaamacadda Padua. Nasiib darro, Andrey Vezaly, Biography gaaban kaas oo naxdin gooyey, marna si Padua soo laabtay. Isaga oo safar Yeruusaalem ka hareeyeen dabeylo dulmiga badan. By markii ugu markabka soo gaadhay dekedda jasiiradda Giriigga ee Zakynthos, Vesalius ahaa si ba'an u jirran. dhowr maalmood ka dib uu ku dhintay. Andrey Vezaly, aasaasihii anatomy sayniska, ayaa ku dhintay da'da 49 sano. Waxaa dhacay October 15, 1564. Wuxuu waxaa lagu aasay Zakynthos.