Unugyada Electrochemical: mabda'a ah ficil iyo noocyo kala duwan

Maanta, unugyada galvanic ka mid ah kuwa ugu badan kiimikada yihiin ilaha hadda. Inkastoo ceebaha ay, iyagu waa loo isticmaalo in korontada iyo si joogto ah hagaagtay.

Mabda 'hawlgalka

Tusaale ahaan ugu fudud ee hawlgalka ee gacanta electrochemical waa sida soo socota. In weel galaas leh xal aqueous sulfuric acid ah ayaa la Hawiyaha laba birood: mid ka mid - copper, labaad - zinc. Waxay yihiin ulaha togan iyo kuwa taban ee gacanta. Haddii ulo si ay u xirmaan kaari si aad u hesho a fudud circuit korontada. Inside hadda gacanta ku duuli doona saxan zinc ah isagoo amar diidmo ah in copper ah, si wanaagsan lagu soo eedeeyay. In mooshinka silsilad sare ee Qurub eedeeyay dhici doonaan dhinaca ka soo horjeeda.

Under tallaabada ee hadda ah udhigo hydrogen iyo intii ka hadhay acidic of sulfuric acid dhaqaaqi doono in jiho oo kala duwan. Hydrogen kor u siin doonaa in ay saxan eedeeyay copper iyo intii ka hadhay acid - zinc. Sidaas danab waa sidoodii ee boosteejada ee element ah. Isla mar ahaantaana on dusha sare ee saxan copper ka taagi doonaa goobooyin hydrogen, taasoo wiiqi doonto saamaynta gacanta electrochemical. Hydrogen wada saarta walaaca ku saxan bir ah oo dheeraad ah, oo la yidhaahdo ciidanka electromotive of kala fogaansho. amraya jihada ka soo horjeeda in ay jihada ee amarka EMF xoog electromotive ee gacanta electrochemical. Goobooyin isu abuuro element iska caabin ah oo dheeraad ah.

Waxaan element ah - waa tusaale classic. Sida xaqiiqda ah, unugyada kuwaas oo si fudud aan loo isticmaalin sababtoo ah kala fogaansho sare. Taasi ma dhicin in soo saaridda ee canaasiirta in ay ka kooban waxaa maamula walax gaar ah ahmiyadda ugu atamka hydrogen, oo la yidhaahdo depolarizer ah. Sida caadiga ah, daroogada this ka kooban oxygen ama chlorine.

Faa'iidada iyo faa'iido darrada unugyada electrochemical casri ah

unugyada electrochemical Modern ka samaysan yihiin qalab kala duwan. Nooca ugu badan oo caan ah - a xubno zinc-carbon loo isticmaalo baytariyada penlight ah. Faa'iidooyinka waxaa ka mid ah kharashka yar, in minuses - nolol shelf yar oo awood yar yahay.

A doorasho dheeraad ah oo ku haboon - waa cell xumadoodu. Waxay waxaa loo yaqaannaa zinc-manganese. Halkan, elektrolytka ee ma aha wax qallalan sida dhuxusha, iyo xal xumadoodu. Fasaxidda xubno sida xooga ha gaaska ma dhaadheer oo ay la samayn karaa hawadu. Nolosha shelf ah ah walxahaasi uu ka badan yahay ee zinc-carbon.

xubno Mercury la mid ah qaab-dhismeedka inay cawaaqib xumadoodu. Waxaa jira xabagta mercury used. Noocan oo kale ah awood ilo waxaa loo isticmaalaa, tus, waayo caafimaad qalabka. Faa'iidooyinka ay - adkaysi u heerkulka sare (ilaa 50, oo in lagu daydo qaar ka mid ah ilaa 70 C?), danab ah oo deggan, xoog farsamo sare. Khasaaro - guryaha sun ah mercury, sababta oo ah wixii ay xubno ka dhammayn-nolosha waa in aad si taxadir leh u maareeyeen iyo diray waayo, warshadaynta.

In qaar ka mid ah waxyaabaha loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee cathodes xabagta oo lacag ah, laakiin sababta oo ah qiimaha sare ee birta ah iyaga oo isticmaalaya dhaqaale ahaan khasaari. xubno badan la anodes lithium. Sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin qiimo sare, laakiin waxay leeyihiin awood ugu weyn ee dhan noocyada kor ku xusan ee unugyada electrochemical.

nooc kale oo ka mid ah unugyada batari - cell-fiirsashada ah. Waxay geedi socodka dhaqdhaqaaqa walxaha wadi karaa kala iibsiga iyo ma kala iibsiga ee udhigo. Nooca ugu horeeya - waa element ah, taas oo laba koronto isku Hawiyaha ee xal elektrolytka fiirsashada kala duwan kala xuub semipermeable. In xubno sida EMF waxaa sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in udhigo waxaa lagu wareejin galay xal la uruuray hoose. Waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee nooca labaad ee electrodes biraha kala duwan sameeyey, iyo ka-fiirsashada la safan habka kiimikada kaas oo ka dhici kasta oo electrodes ah. Ciidamada electromotive ah ah walxahaasi uu ka badan yahay in oo ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah nooca ugu horeysay.