Formation, Sayniska
Waa maxay tirooyinka buuxa? Maxay ka badan yihiin?
Waa maxay tirooyinka buuxa? ardayda Senior iyo ardayda ee u gaarka ah xisaabta ay u badan tahay in ay si sahal ah uga jawaabtid su'aashan. Kuwa by xirfad fog waa tan, waxa ay noqon doontaa adag. Runtii waxa ay tahay?
The nuxurka iyo naqshada
Under tirooyinka buuxa macnaheedu kuwa matali karaa sida jajab caadiga ah. Positive, negative, iyo eber ayaa sidoo kale ka mid ahaa in set this. Sareeyaha ee jajabka kiiskan waa in ay ahaadaan abyoonaha ah, iyo hooseeyaha - wakiil ah abyoonaha wanaagsan.
Tani set of xisaabta loo gudbiyo sida S iyo waxaa loo yaqaan "field of tirooyinka buuxa." Waxaa ka mid ah oo dhan oo dhan iyo dabiiciga ah, muujinaysaa sida Z iyo N. The set aad u la mid ah Q daro R. set Waxaa warqaddan u taagan yahay wax-u tiro dhab ah ama dhabta ah.
fikrad
Sida hore u soo sheegnay, ee tirooyinka buuxa - this go'an, taas oo ka mid ah abyoonaha oo dhan iyo qiyamka jajab. Waxay la soo bandhigi karaa qaabab kala duwan. Marka hore, qaab jajab caadiga ah: 5/7, 1/5, 11/15, iwm Dabcan, abyoonayaasha ayaa sidoo kale lagu si la mid ah qoraal laga yaabaa: 6/2, 15/5, 0/1, - .. 10/2, iwm Second, nooc kale oo bandhigga - a qayb jajab tobanle uguna: .... 0.01, -15,001006, iwm Tani dabcan waa mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu badan.
Laakiin waxaa jira a saddexaad - jajab wareegsan. noocyada Tani ma aha mid caadi ah, laakiin weli loo isticmaalo. Tusaale ahaan, jajabka 10/3 waxaa loo qori karaa sida 3,33333 ... ama 3, (3). The views kala duwan waxaa loo tixgelin doonaa tirada isku. Sida loo gudbin doonaa, oo loo siman yahay si kasta jajab kale sida 3/5 iyo 6/10. Waxa ay u muuqataa in ay u caddaatay in tiro buuxa. Laakiin sababta ereyga waxaa loo isticmaalaa in tixraac iyaga?
Asalka magaca
Erayga "caqligal ah" afka casriga Ruush guud ahaan xambaarsan yahay micnaha a yar oo kala duwan. Saas ma aha, waa "macquul ah", "ula kac ah". Laakiin marka la eego xisaabta u dhow dareenka suugaan waa eraygii amaahatay. The "ratio" ee Laatiin - waa "habdhaqanka", "kitaabkii duudduubnaa" ama "kala qeybinta." Sayidka, magaca ka tarjumaysaa nuxurka waxa caqligal ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macnaha labaad
mafaahiim
In xalinta dhibaatooyinka xisaabta, waxaan si joogto ah la hor tirooyinka buuxa, iyadoo aan ogayn isu sameeyaan. Oo iyagu waxay leeyihiin tiro ka mid ah guryaha xiiso leh. oo dhan ay raacaan ka qeexidda of set oo ah falalka midkood.
First, ee tirooyinka buuxa leeyihiin xiriirka hantida amarka ah. Taas macnaheedu waa in u dhexeeya laba tiro noqon kartaa xiriirka ka mid ah oo keliya - waxay yihiin mid loo siman yahay in midba midka kale, ama mid ka badan ama ka yar ka badan oo kale. Ie.:
ama a = b; ama> b, ama a
Intaas waxaa sii dheer, hantida this of ratio transitivity sida soo socota. Taasi waa, haddii a waa ka weyn yahay b, b badan c, ka dibna a waa ka weyn yahay c. In luqadda ee xisaabta waa sida soo socota:
(A> b) ^ (b > c) => (a> c).
Marka labaad, waxaa jira hawlaha xisaabta la tirooyinka buuxa, ie, Intaa waxaa dheer, kala-goynta, qaybinta, iyo, dabcan, isku dhufasho. In geeddi-socodka ah isbadal sidoo kale dooran kartaa tiro ka mid ah guryaha.
- a + b = b + a (meelaha la eego isbedelka commutativity);
- 0 + a = a + 0;
- (A + b) + c = a + (b + c) ( associativity);
- a + (Xarafka hore) = 0;
- ab = ba;
- (Ab) c = a (bc ) ( Distributivity);
- 1 = faas 1 o = a;
- faas (1 / a) = 1 (diidanyihiin ma aha 0);
- (B + a) c = ac + ab;
- (A> b) ^ (c > 0) => (ac> bc) .
Marka ay timaado in caadiga ah, ma jajab tobanle, jajabyada iyo abyoonayaasha, falalka iyaga la keeni karaa dhibaatooyin qaar ka mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, iskugeynta iyo kalagoynta waa suuragal ah keliya la hooseeyayaal siman. Haddii ay ka duwan yihiin marka hore, waa in si aad u ogaato wax caadi ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo isku dhufashada oo dhan jajab on tiro cayiman. Waxa kale oo barbar dhig inta badan macquul tahay oo kaliya hoos xaalad this.
Division iyo isku dhufashada jajabka soo saaray si waafaqsan xeerarka si caddaalad ah oo fudud. Hoos in ay hooseeyaha caadi ah ma loo baahan yahay. Dhanka kale, tarma ka sarreeyayaal iyo hooseeyayaal, halka in geeddi-socodka fulinta ee jajabka tallaabooyinka ay suurtagal tahay loo baahan yahay si loo yareeyo kadibna fududee.
Sida ku tahay horyaalka, ka dibna waxa ay la mid tahay hore xoogaa farqi ah. Waayo, shot labaad waa in la helo bedelka ah, in uu yahay,
Ugu dambeyntii, guri kale la wadaago by tirooyinka buuxa, loo yaqaan cadayn ee Archimedes. magaca "mabda '" waxaa inta badan laga helo suugaanta sidoo kale. Waxay ansax tahay muddo go'an oo dhan tirada dhabta ah, laakiin ma aha meel kasta. Sayidka, mabda this ma khuseeyo qaybood qaar ka mid ah hawlaha buuxa. In jiritaan, cadayn taasi ka dhigan tahay in marka ay jiraan laba qiimaha of a iyo b, waxaad qaadan kartaa qadar ku filan oo ah, b in iskhexgalida.
gudbikaraa codsiga
Sidaas daraaddeed, kuwa bartay ama xusuustay, in tiro ka buuxa, waxaa iska cad in ay meel walba loo isticmaalo: in xisaabaadka, dhaqaalaha, statistics, physics, chemistry iyo cilmiga kale. Dabcan, waxaa jira sidoo kale waa meeshii iyaga xisaabta. Ma ahan mar walba og in aan iyaga la tacaalida, waxaan si joogto ah u isticmaali tirooyinka buuxa. Xitaa carruurta yaryar barashada loo tiriyo shay, jarida qaybo tufaax ama buuxinta ficilada kale ee fudud, wajahday iyaga la. Waxay macno na hareerayn. Weli hawlaha qaarkood waxay ku filnayn, gaar ahaan, tusaale ahaan ka mid ah Aragtida ku Theorem, waxaan u garan karaa baahida loo qabo bandhigidda fikirka tirooyinka aan buuxin.
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