Reactions Redox

Erayga "qayilo" markii hore loogu tala galay is dhexgalka ah walax gaar ah la ogsijiin si ay u sameeyaan xabagta ah, sida oksijiinka ayaa taariikh ahaan la aqoonsan yahay oxidant ugu horeysay. By oksidheeyeyaal fahamsan xiriir ogsijiin, iyo dib u soo celinta hoos - u soo celi. Sidaas daraaddeed erayga "qayilo - dib u soo celinta" ayaa muddo dheer ku shaqeeya kiimikada. reactions Redox dambe ugu iman in loo tixgeliyo by habab sida ay sabab u ahayd taas oo ay jirto kala iibsiga ah electrons ka mid eb in kale, si xilli ayaa helay macnaha ballaaran. Tusaale ahaan, markii sari magnesium in ogsijiin: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO kala iibsiga electron dhacdaa ka magnesium in ogsijiin.

reactions Redox waxaa lagu gartaa in ay la macaamilaan reagents yaqaan oxidants iyo reductants. Muqaadaraadka atamka oo ugu deeqay electrons tixgeliyo yaraynta wakiilada. xeryahooda The kiimikada kuwaas oo atamka qaadan electrons yeedhay oxidants. reaction The kor ku xusan waa wakiilka ah magnesium yaraynta laftiisa waa la oxidized, i.e. diraa electron ah. Ogsijiin waa la dhimay - qaadataa electron iyo oxidizer ah. Tusaale kale: CuO + H2 → CU + H2O. Marka kululeeyo, xabagta copper ah in a udhigo copper durdur hydrogen aqbali electrons ka hydrogen. Sida wakiil oksidheeyeyaal ah, waxay hoos u copper aasaaska. atamka hydrogen ku deeqaan electrons, sida wakiilka ah yaraynta laftiisa waa la oxidized iyo hydrogen.

Sayidka, geedi socodka lagu qayilo iyo hoos u dhacaan mar: oxidized yaraynta iyo wakiilada oksidheeyeyaal la yareeyo. reactions Redox waxaa sidaas u yeedhay, maxaa yeelay, waxaa jira xiriir ah inextricable u dhexeeya habka is dhaafsi. Taasi waa, haddii ay jiraan atamka oo ugu deeqay electrons, in had iyo jeer ay joogaan iyo sida in electrons qaadan. Isla mar ahaantaana sida in ka mid ah oxidizer iyo wakiilka yaraynta in la beddelo degree ee lagu qayilo. Sidaas darteed of kiimiko ah la abuuri karaa nooc kasta oo ah atamka ee u taagoo.

Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee reactions redox:

1. Intermolecular - oxidizable iyo atamka reducible daro ah u taagoo of kiimikooyin kala duwan, tusaale ahaan: 2HCl + amayno → ZnCl2 + H2 ↑ (zinc - reductant hydrogen waxbarashada - oxidant).
2. Intramolecular - oxidizable iyo atamka reducible daro ah u taagoo walax la mid ah kiimikada, tusaale ahaan: KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2 ↑ (ee Britain ah ee potassium chlorate oxygen - reductant chloro - oxidant).
3. Autoxidation-is-bogsashada ama disproportionation - element ah kiimikada isku falcelinta waa yaraynta wakiilka iyo oksidheeyeyaal ah wakiilka, tusaale ahaan: 3HNO2 → HNO3 + 2NO ↑ + H2O ( atom nitrogen a of nitrus acid waa labada wakiilka yaraynta iyo wakiilka oksidheeyeyaal ah, wax soo saarka lagu qayilo ka - nitric a acid, wax soo saarka hoos u - monoxide nitrogen).
4. reproportsionirovanie Comproportionation ama - mid ka mid ah oo element isku haysta shahaado kala duwan ee lagu qayilo ee Britain, taasoo keentay in gobolka lagu qayilo hal, tusaale ahaan: NH4NO3 → N2O + 2H2O.

reactions Redox waxaa lagu soo bandhigay qaab guud ama si elektaroonig ah. Mid ka mid ah ka fiirsan kartaa tusaale ahaan ka mid ah is dhexgalka kiimikada: 2FeCl3 + H2S → FeCl2 + S + 2HCl. Halkan, eb birta waa wakiil oksidheeyeyaal ah, sababtoo ah waxay qaadataa hal electron iyo isbedelka la degree ee lagu qayilo ee +3 in +2: Fe + ³ + e → Fe + ². Ion baaruud wakiilka yaraynta waxaa oxidized, electrons iyo Dira badala gobolka qayilo at -2 si 0: Sˉ² - e → S °. electron ama ra'iyi-electron hababka dheelitirka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lays ah horgalaha stoichiometric ee isla'egta.

reactions Redox waa baahsan oo muhiimad weyn, tan iyo markii ay xambaarsan geedi sari ee bololka suuska, Neefta, shiid, milmaan dhirta carbon dioxide, iyo sidoo kale habka kale ee noolaha ku. Sidoo kale, waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa in warshado kala duwan oo soo saara birta iyo non-birta ka xeryahooda ay. Tusaale ahaan, kuwaas oo ku salaysan yihiin diyaarinta ammonia, sulfuric iyo nitric acids, qaar ka mid ah qalabka dhismaha, daawooyin iyo waxyaabaha badan oo muhiim ah oo kale. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in chemistry gorfaynta ee go'aaminta u kiimiko kala duwan.