Hydrogen - element ugu fudud

Hydrogen - a element kiimikada, ugu fudud ee qaab-dhismeedka iyo ugu badan ee dabiiciga ah. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah xog ku salaysan cilmibaadhis, share of this item la xisaabay in ka badan sagaashan boqolkiiba atamka oo dhan. The xarunta ugu muhiimsan kaas oo hydrogen joogo, - biyo this. Its formula kiimikada, waxaa qoran sida: H2O. eb hydrogen waa proton hal xuduntii ka dhigan tahay, iyo mid ka mid electron. Waa element kaliya waa gaas guban kara.

Sida la eb hydrogen in miiska wareegsan ah?

element Tani waxa uu ku yaalaa at sare ee kooxda koowaad. Taas waxa loo sameeyaa sabab ah in la eb hydrogen ku badiyay electron, la xirrira ra'iyi wanaagsan hal dacwad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hydrogen heli karaan guryaha macdan ah xaaladaha qaarkood. Under xaaladaha caadiga ah, ay qaadato hantida kaliya ee soo jireenka ah ee non-birta. Hydrogen ayaa farqi weyn oo kale oo ka mid ah xubno ka tirsan kooxda koowaad.

Sidee si loo soo saaro hydrogen in shaybaar?

Hydrogen waxaa laga heli karaa by tallaabada ee acids on biraha nekontsentrirorvannyh: amayno (zinc adag) + 2HCl (aqueous xal acid Hydrochloric) = ZnCl2 (xal aqueous of xabagta zinc) + H2 (gaaska)

Production ah hydrogen taasi oo ka hydrolysis: 2H3O- + 2e- = H2 (gaaska) + 2H2O (oo biyo ah).

Production ah hydrogen waa suurto gal via tallaabada of alkali on aluminium ama zinc. Biraha Kuwani dhici karta inay xal aqueous of hydroxide potassium ama hydroxide sodium. Tani waxay soo saartaa hydrogen:
Amayno (zinc) + 2OH- + 2H2O = (amayno (OH) 4) 2- (ra'iyi tetragidroksotsinkat)) + H2 (gaaska)
Al (aluminium) + 2OH- + 6H2O = (Al (OH) 4) - (ra'iyi tetragidroksoalyuminat) + H2 (gaaska).

Sidoo kale element kiimikada firfircoon waxaa laga heli karaa by hydrolysis of xal aqueous of: CaH2 (calcium hydride) + 2H2O (oo biyo ah) = Ca (OH) 2 (hydroxide calcium) + 2H2 (hydrogen).

isotopes hydrogen

Waxaa jira saddex noocyo of isotopic element ah kiimikada: No, deuterium iyo tritium. In hydrogen dabiiciga ah waxaa ku jira oo ku saabsan 99% marka loo eego, inteeda kale ku dhacaa qayb boqolkiiba deuterium ah. Midda saddexaad waa isotope a shucaaca waa isotope ruxanaya. Sababtan awgeed, ee dabiiciga ah waxaa lagu heli karaa oo keliya xaddi raad. Tritium shanqarta qayb shucaaca, iyo nus-nolosha waa 12.3 sano.

Foomamka Isotopic ah hydrogen leeyihiin guryaha kiimikada ku dhowaad isku mid ah, laakiin waxay ku kala duwan si weyn ee jirka. Waayo, mid kasta oo ay jirto hydrogen analog deuterium lagala kulmo. Ugu muhiimsan ee iyaga ka mid ah - waa xabagta deuterium (ama biyaha culus). walax waxaa loo isticmaalaa in tigoodu nuclear. waxay heli by electrolysis biyaha.

guryaha Chemical ah hydrogen

Viewed element xiriir kiimikada bogsan karaan nonmetals kooxaha 4-7, oxides iyo xarunta roodhida organic in oxidize Biraha, oon la xirrira hydride ah.

xeryahooda hydrogen

Tani Madbacada qaranka iyo covalent hydrides adag iyo hydrides sida xeryahooda intercalation.

hydrogen

- habka Bora;

- ka gaaska dabiiciga ah ama naphtha (naphtha);

- oo macneheedu yahay arrinkaas iyo toosinta ee Consort,

- oo macneheedu yahay electrolysis ee marmar (i.e., sodium aqueous xal chloride).

eb A hydrogen ee makaanikada galmada

eb hydrogen waa muhiim in farsamo galmada, sababtoo ah waxa uu qiimo ah analytic qiyaas ama saxda ah ee labada leedahay dhibaato. xal loo isticmaali karaa isotopes kala duwan ee hydrogen, laakiin haddii la saxo ku haboon. eb A hydrogen ee makaanikada galmada waxa lagu tilmaamay by shaqo la ruxruxo oo ka mid ah laba-walxaha. Sidoo kale, waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida ka qayb gelin dhaqdhaqaaqa electron ah ee duurka ku ah electrostatic xuduntii culus nuclear.

eb hydrogen Bohr

In 1913, Bor Nils soo jeediyay uu model la eb hydrogen ah. Waxay leedahay simplifications iyo fikrado badan. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in model ah ma ahayn arrin sax ah, Bohr dheefay Xaggeeda iyo spectrum warshadu hawada ahaa qiimaha saxda ah ee heerka tamarta la eb ah.