The Satellite ee Saatun, Enceladus. Ma jiraa nolosha on Enceladus

The Satellite ee Saatun, Enceladus, Titan, Dione, Tethys, iyo kuwa kale - waa kala duwan yihiin baaxadda, qaabka iyo qaab-dhismeedka. bilaha cusubu dhashaan Large iyo baraf dhinac yar oo dhagax ah. Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu xiisaha badan ee nidaamka - Enceladus. Research soo jeedisay in dayaxa lixaad ee ugu weyn ee Saatun ayaa badda subsurface ah. Seynisyahanno soo wac musharax macne Enceladus for ogaanshaha nolosha ee ku dhex qaabkeeda fudud.

Rafaa gaaska

Saturn - meeraha labaad ee ugu weyn nidaamka qoraxda. dhexroor waa kaliya wax yar ka liita hogaamiyaha arrintan la xiriira, Jupiter. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tiro ka mid ah Saatun ma aha sidaas u weyn. Its cufnaanta ka yar tahay in of dhimaya biyo in mar dambe caan ku for mid ka mid ah meerayaasha ee nidaamka waa.

Saturn, sida Jupiter, Uranus, iyo Neptune, lagu tilmaamay inay tahay cimlaaq gaas. Waxay ka kooban tahay hydrogen, helium, methane, ammonia, biyaha iyo qadar yar oo ah xubno ka culus. Saturn leeyahay siddooyinkii dhalaalaya nidaamka qoraxda. Waxay ka kooban yihiin baraf iyo ciidda. Qurub ku kala duwan yihiin size: gaari ugu weyn oo ugu dhif tobanaan mitir, inta badan wax ka badan oo ah dareenka yar.

"Cassini"

In 1997, unugga "Cassini-Huygens" ayaa la bilaabay in uu barto Saturn iyo bilaha cusubu dhashaan ay. Waxa uu noqday satellite ugu horeysay ee aan dabiici ahayn Rafaa gaaska. "Cassini" tusay dunida aan la garanayn Saturn photos duufaan hexagonal, xogta on bilaha cusub, images of dusha sare ee Titan si weyn u dhameystiraan aqoonta saynisyahano on Rafaa gaaska this. Mashiinka weli shaqeeya iyo sii wadaan in ay siiyaan macluumaad baarayaasha. Dad badan oo "Cassini" oo u sheegay oo ku saabsan Enceladus.

satalayt

Rafaa Gas leeyahay ugu yaraan 62 bilaha cusubu dhashaan. Ma aha oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa magacyo u gaar ah, qaar ka mid ah ay sabab u tahay baaxadda yar iyo arrimo kale oo la tilmaamaa tirada oo keliya. moon ayaa ugu weyn Rafaa gaaska - Titan, raaceen by Ray. bilaha cusubu dhashaan Saatun ee, Enceladus, Dione, Iapetus, Tethys, Mimas oo yar ayaa sidoo kale macquul ah in badan oo size. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qayb ka mid cajiib ah bilaha cusubu dhashaan dhexroor kama badna 100 m.

Dabcan, ka mid ah kooxahaasi sida dhacaan iyo waxyaabaha u gaar ah. Titan, tusaale ahaan, waa labaad ee ugu weyn ee size of dhan Satellite ee nidaamka qoraxda (ugu horeysay - of Ganymede "Suite" ee Jupiter). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay feature ugu muhiimsan waa jawi aad u cufan. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, cirbixiyeyaasha ayaa sii kordheysa faray telescopes ay moon Saatun ee Enceladus, taas oo sharaxaad waxaa hoos.

daahfurka

Enceladus - mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee bilaha cusubu dhashaan Saatun ee. Waxaa la furay lixaad. In 1789, uu la ogaaday by Uilyam Gershel oo uu xoqad. Waxaa laga yaabaa in, satellite ah uu u furan yahay ka hor (inta ay le'eg tahay iyo Albedo sare of this aad ka qayb qaatay), laakiin si ay u arkaan Enceladus milicsiga hortagi of siddooyinkiisa iyo in ka badan Saturn. Uilyam Gershel arkay Rafaa gaaska wakhti fiican - iyo waxay samaysay daahfurka suurto gal.

xuduudaheedu

Enceladus - dayaxa lixaad ee ugu weyn ee Saatun. Its ballaciisu yahay 500 km, taas oo ku saabsan 25 jeer ka yar dhimaya ka mid ah dhulka. Mass Saaxiibkiis meeraha liita waa ku dhowaad 200 kun oo jeer. size Enceladus ee ma wax wax boos fiican ka dhigin. Bixiso satellite by xuduudaheedu kale.

Enceladus ayaa reflectivity sare, ayaa ku dhow Albedo ay midnimo. In nidaamka oo dhan, waa laga yaabaa in wax ugu ifka ka dib markii qorraxda. Sababta dhalaalaya star ee kulaylka ee dusha sare ee Enceladus at dhan haddii kale. Waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa ku dhawaad oo dhan iftiinka yimaado waa in, maxaa yeelay, waxaa daboolay baraf. The heerkulka dusha celcelis ahaan -200 ° C on satellite ah.

idiinna ee satellite ah waxa uu ku yaalaa meel u dhow ku filan oo ay ku siddo Saturn. From Rafaa gaaska waxa la kala fogaan ah 237 378 km. Mid ka mid ah kacaankii agagaarka Saaxiibkiis caalamka ka dhigaysa waayo 32.9 saacadood.

dusha

Markii hore, saynisyahano ma ay xiiso u Enceladus si firfircoon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, unugga "Cassini", dhowr jeer hab halkii u dhow satellite ah, siiyey macluumaadka aad u xiiso leh in Earth.

Dhulku Enceladus craters uneventful. Dhamaan bixisay fiidda oo dayrta ee meteorites joogaan meelaha yar yar. feature A of satellite yihiin unu badan, laalaabka iyo dildilaaca. Inta badan la yaab leh of Education ku yaalaan meel u dhow pole koonfureed ee satellite ah. Barbaro ah in ay ka unu tectonic la helay mashiin "Cassini" sanadkii 2005. Waxaa loo yaqaan "Garaacood Shabeel" ay u eg inay ilaashadaan sawirka moustached ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, dildilaac, kuwaas oo - formation dhalinyaro ah, oo muujinaya hawlaha dhulka ee gudaha satellite ee. "Garaacood Tiger" 130 km dheer kala dura 40 km. Pride "Voyager 2" duulaya ee la soo dhaafay Enceladus 1981, mana ay arkin unu ee baallaha koonfureed. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa soo jeedinaya in dildilaaca dhab tahay kun Sano, iyo waxa suuragal ah, waxay ahaayeen kaliya toban sano ka hor.

cillado heerkulka

Idaacadda Orbital diiwaan heerkulka qaybinta a non-caadiga ah on dusha sare ee Enceladus. Waxaa soo baxay in baallaha koonfureed ee jirka runtan maraysa ilaa ka sii badan intii dhulbaraha. Sun ma awoodo inuu keeni sida yaab leh: inta badan ulaha waa meelaha ugu qabow. Seynisyahanno lug ku leh daraasaddan ee Enceladus, ayaa soo gaarnay heer ah in ay sabab kululaynta - isha kulaylka gudaha.

Waxaa xusid mudan in la xuso in heerkulka dusha meeshan waa weyn by heerarka sida meel fog nidaamka qoraxda. The Satellite ee Saatun, Enceladus, Titan, Iapetus, iyo kuwa kale - ma ku faani karo oo ka mid ah meelaha kulul ee dareenka caadiga ah. Heerkulka ee goobaha anomalous 20-30º kaliya kor ku xusan oo dhexdhexaad ah, i.e. siman ku dhowaad -180 ° C.

UCLA soo jeedinaya in sababta kulaylinta pole koonfureed ee satellite yahay badda, oo ku yaalla ee ay dusha.

geysers

Badda Subsurface on Enceladus dhigaysa laftiisa aan dareemay oo keliya by kulaylinta baallaha koonfureed. component The dareere arko sida geysers iyada oo "Garaacood Shabeel". Diyaaradaha awoodda badan ayaa la arkaa in baaritaan "Cassini" ee 2005. Qalabka wuxuu u ururiyay noocyo ka mid ah qaybaha socodka wax. Uu falanqaynta keentay in laba qodob. Near dusha sare ee Qurub ka "Garaacood Shabeel" oo baxsaday, waxaa ku jira xaddi badan oo cusbada. Waxay farta ku jiritaanka berkedda weyn ka hooseeyey dusha sare ee Enceladus (kanna waa gabagabo koowaad ee saynisyahano ka xogta "Cassini"). Iyada oo heerka aad u sareeya ee dildilaaca Oo waxaa loo jaraa qayb ka kooban cusbo yar. Go'aanku wuxuu ka labaadna: waxay u sameeyaan giraan ah E in "dhulka" waxaa dhab ahaan ku yaalla Saturn.

badda subsurface

share cajiib ah qayb ka baxsan ayaa ku dhow in Halabuurka si loogu aaso. Waxay ka baxsadaan xawaare ka hooseeya marka loo eego mana noqon karo wax a for giraanta qayb E cusbayn dhici dushiisa of Enceladus. Halabuurka ee uu dillaaco ee barafka soo jeedisay in ay il aan la kaydin karaa qolof ah ee satellite ah.

Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa soo jeedinaya in badda cusbada waxa uu ku yaalaa at qoto dheer ah 50 miles hoos dusha sare ee Enceladus. Waxaa ku koobnayn hal dhinac oo xudunta u adag oo go'iisii ah baraf ah - oo dhinaca kale ah. Biyaha ee interlayer ee gobolka oo ah dareere, inkastoo heerkulka hooseeyo. Waxa aanu barafoobin, sababtoo ah ee ka kooban cusbo sare, iyo sidoo kale by tamarta ah Goyiim abuuri duurka ku gravitational ee Saatun iyo waxyaabaha kale.

Inta ay biyo la uumibixiyey (ku dhowaad 200 kg kasta oo Labaad) ka hadlaysaa meel badda weyn. The Diyaaradaha ee uumiga biyaha iyo barafka waxaa lagu jiido in ay dusha sare by formation of dildilaaca, taas oo keeni qas cadaadis.

jawiga

Idaacadda interplanetary Automatic "Cassini" helay on Enceladus, iyo jawiga. Waxaa markii hore ka diiwaan gashan qalabka magnetometer on saamaynta on magnetosphere ee Saatun. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, "Cassini" si degdeg ah wax uga qaban, daawashada Saaxiibka madoobaad gamma Orionis. baaritaan Research loo ogol yahay si ay u bartaan Halabuurka saxda ah ee jawi Saatun ee Dayaxa baraf ah ee. 65% waxay ka kooban tahay uumiga biyaha goobta labaad waxa uu ku yaalaa at uruuray hydrogen kelli (ku dhowaad 20%) ayaa sidoo kale la ogaado carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide iyo nitrogen kelli.

Isha of badalkooda of jawiga ayaa la filayaa geysers, hawl Kobenhagen ama gaasas.

Ma jiraa nolosha on Enceladus?

biyo Helitaanka in gobolka oo ah dareere - nooc ka mid ah kaarka in liiska laga yaabo deggan (sida kaliya ee noolaha fudud) meerayaasha. Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, haddii badda dusha sare ee Enceladus dureeri ayaa muddo dheer jiray, tan dhalashada nidaamka qoraxda, jaaniska nolosha helo waxaa jira xad sare, ay shardi tahay in biyaha ku dhowaad dhammaan waqtiga la hayo ee gobolka dareere ah. Hadday u noqoto badda xilliyo fariisiyo, waxaa suurtagal ah, sababtoo ah masaafada u cajiib ah ka soo nalalka, markaas fursad of habitability noqdo mid aad u yar.

Si loo xaqiijiyo ama ku doodeen fikradaha cilmi hadda ay awoodaan in ay kaliya macluumaadka soo socda ka "Cassini" baaritaan. Uu shaqada la kordhiyay ilaa 2017. Lama oga sida ugu dhakhsaha badan si ay u Saturn iyo Satellite ee probes kale meel ay tagaan awood u yeelan doonaan. Masaafada dhulka si Enceladus weyn ka, iyo mashaariicda waxay u baahan diyaarinta taxaddar iyo maalgelinta araggiisu.

"Cassini" baaritaan sii. Uu u socday si ay u bartaan Rafaa gaaska Saturn iyo Satellite. Enceladus, si kastaba ha ahaatee, uma ay muuqan in liiska ugu weyn ee hawlaha. Tilmaamo la fiirsanayo ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa in liiska muhiimada aasaasiga ah. Qofna ma filayaa in ay biyaha ka heli doonto gobolka oo ah dareere goobta nidaamka qoraxda, halkaas oo Saturn waxa uu ku yaalaa. Photos of geysers on Enceladus, oo dhawr sano ka dib markii la ogaaday muuqdaan cajiib ah. Waa wax kadis ah satellite suurto gal ma soo afjaro ilaa dhamaystirka howlgalka UCLA "Cassini" dad badan oo ay bartaan waxyaabo badan oo xiiso leh oo ku saabsan this moon baraf.