Xeryahooda Heterocyclic: Magac iyo dirka

xarunta Heterocyclic fasal xeryahooda giraanta organic in wareegyada kuwaas oo, marka lagu daro atamka carbon, waxaa ku jira atamka ka badan oo xubno kale oo kiimiko ah, ee loo yaqaan heteroatoms (hetros Greek - - kale, labaad.): oxygen (tus, furan oo pyran), nitrogen (pyrrole iyo pyridine ), baaruud (tiofenaldegid thiophene, thiopyran, thiazole), sayliniyam (selenophene) iwm

heterocycles The sameeyay laba ama in ka badan atamka carbon iyo heteroatoms. Sida laga soo xigtay aragti Bayer ayaa heterocycles adkaysi u noqon oo keliya xaaladaha kuwa marka valencies weecasho ee atamka la xirrira siddooyinkii ku, waa xagal yar 109 ° 28 '. Tusaale ahaan, xeryahooda heterocyclic ugu deganayn waa heterocycles saddex-dheer, taas oo ay jirto waa u taagoo ugu weyn weecasho sida - 24 ° 44 '(xabagta ethylene, ethylene Tioxide iyo ethyleneimine).

Heterocycles waxaa si weyn loo qaybiyey ee dabiiciga ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid acids amino (tryptophan, carnosine, histidine), imino acids (proline iyo hydroxyproline), purine ah (adenayn iyo gu'anayn) iyo pyrimidine (thaymiin, uracil iyo saytosayn) saldhigyada, walax bayoloji muhiim ah oo arrinta ku nool (heme, hemin, chlorophyll), wada jir ( caffeine iyo atropine), antibiotics (penicillin, gramicidin C, streptomycin), daawooyinka (norsulfazol iyo caffeine), sulfonamides (norsulfazol, streptocid), qase organic (pyridine), carbohydrates, acids nucleic, borotiinada, hormoono, vitamins, iyo dad badan oo kale walxaha muhiim ah.

Qoondaynta xeryahooda kiimikada

kala soocidda wuxuu ku salaysan yahay qaab-dhismeedka heterocycles in ay Britain oo atamka carbon wacdi in heteroatom ah (hetero) iyo atamka hydrogen. Heterocycles iyo taagayo ay u qaybsan yihiin kooxo ku xiran tahay tirada atamka la xirrira giraanta (saddex, afar, shan, lix-membered, iwm). In koox kasta waxaa jira kooxo-hoosaadyada la mid, laba ama saddex atamka hetero.

xeryahooda Heterocyclic kiisaska intooda badan loo gudbiyaa by waydaarsanayeen taariikhiga ah (pyridine, pyrrole, acridine). From magacyada taariikhi ah sameeyay magacyada taagayo ay (pyridine-4-carboxylic acid methylpyridine). Si ay u muujiyaan booska uu ka substituent tirada atamka heterocycles. Tiradoodii waxaa lagu fuliyaa by atamka hetero ama loogu yeero xarfaha Giriigga ee alifbeetada, laga bilaabo deriska la eb carbon iyadoo heteroatom - Alfa, beta, gamma, iwm

xeryahooda Getorotsiklicheskie: Magac-

Marka magaca xeryahooda heterocyclic sidii ay tirada waydaarsanayeen IUPAC tiriyo ee atamka ee heterocycle ah, qaab-dhismeedkeeda, meeleynta substituents iyo qaababka kale (tus, furfural leeyahay magaca nidaamsan furan-2-carbaldehyde). Magacyada xeryahooda heterocyclic tilmaamay in geedi socodka description ay diyaarinta, guryaha iyo qiimaha.

Waayo, heterocycles ka mid ah oxides (tus, xabagta ethylene), anhydrides of dibasic acids carboxylic cokan, iwm Stability of heterocycles hore loo arkaa ku xiran tahay tirada atamka carbon in heterocycle ee Britain ee heteroatoms iyo meesha heterocycle ah. The ugu yaraan u adkaysta waa xeryahooda heterocyclic ka kooban saddex ama afar wareegyada, kuwaas oo si fudud jebiyey oo noqday xeryahooda acyclic. Waxaa jira waxyaabo badan oo ah xeryahooda heterocyclic, taagoo wareegyada ee ay deggan, wareegga la mid ah benzenovogo muhiimka ah. Iyagu waa element koowaad dhismaha ee biosoedineny badan muhiimada warshadaha, daawada iyo caafimaadka xoolaha.

Chemistry of Heterocyclic xeryahooda

kiimikaad oo ka mid ah shan-membered (thiophene iyo taagayo oo dhanba) heterocycles sabab u ah joogitaanka in ay Britain pi-system of electrons xad-dhaaf ah, taas oo kordhinaysa ay aromaticity. Marka la barbar dhigo thiophene benzene si fudud uga jawaabo bedelay electrophilic.