Enzyme The catalase: qaababka ugu muhiimsan

Catalase - Insaymkaas ah helay noolaha ku nool ku dhowaad dhammaan. Its shaqada ugu weyn ee - weyni tahay kala daatay ee hydrogenperoxid galay walxaha aan dhib lahayn, waayo u shaqeeyo. Catalase waa muhiimad weyn u nolosha unugyada, sida ka ilaaliya burburinta by noocyada ogsijiin Waxyeelo.

Guudmarka

catalase enzyme The la xidhiidha oxidoreductase - fasalka balaadhan oo ah falgalka weyni tahay kala iibsiga ee electrons ka yaraynta Britain (deeq) in Britain oxidant ah (aqbalana).

pH si mug leh for catalase ee jirka aadanaha wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 7, si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerka falcelinta aanu si weyn u bedesho at qiimaha index hydrogen ka soo 6.8 si 7.5. si mug leh pH ee catalases kale laga bilaabo 4 illaa 11, iyada oo ku xidhan nooca shaqeeyo. Heerkulka si mug leh sidoo kale waa ka duwan yahay qofka ku saabsan 37 ^° C waxaa

Catalase - mid ka mid ah falgalka ugu dhaqsiyaha badan. Britain oo keliya mid ka mid awood u diinta malaayiin taagoo oo hydrogenperoxid ah si ay u biyo iyo oxygen per labaad. In la eego enzymology taas oo macnaheedu yahay in tiro badan oo ah kacdoonkii caan ku eulayska catalase.

enzyme Qaabdhismeedka

Catalase waa tetramer afar silsilado polypeptide, kuwaasoo mid walba uu leeyahay in ka badan 500 oo acids amino oo dherer ah. enzyme wuxuu ka kooban yahay afar kooxood oo huruud iyo heme, iyo iyada oo loo marayo taas oo sameynayso la noocyada ogsijiin firfircoon. Kooxda bedalay heme oxidized waa catalase ah.

History of daahfurka

Catalase lama yaqaan in ay saynisyahano 1818 sano ilaa Louis Jacques Thénard farmashiyaha laga helay unugyada oo hydrogenperoxid nool aan soo jeediyay in ay burburinta ay sabab u tahay tallaabo ah waxyaabaha aan la garanayn noolaha.

In 1900, farmashiyaha a Jarmal, Oskar Leo ugu horeysay soo bandhigay "catalase" Ereyga in ay tilmaamayso inay maal wadnay waxaay sheegayaan a dahsoon. Waxa uu ahaa in ay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ah, halka ay eulayska catalase ku jira awoodo. Sidaas darteed of tijaabo badan Oskar Leo shaaca ka qaaday in enzyme tani waa caan ku dhowaad dhammaan xayawaanka iyo dhirta. In unugyada nool, iyo sidoo kale falgalka kale oo badan, catalase ku jira peroxisomes.

In 1937 wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay laga soo gooyay beerkii hilibka lo'da crystallize catalase. 250 KD - miisaanka kelli ah enzyme la go'aamiyey in 1938. In 1981 saynisyahano heshay images of qaab-dhismeedka saddex geesood ah ee bovine catalase.

catalysis The oo hydrogenperoxid

In kasta oo xaqiiqda hydrogen waxaay sheegayaan in - wax soo saarka ka mid ah geedi socodka badan oo caadi dheefshiidka, ma aha dhib lahayn in ay jirka ka.

Si looga hortago burbur ku unugyada iyo unugyada, hydrogenperoxid ah waa in si deg deg ah beddelay kale, khatar ka yar jidhka. Waa in ay caqabad iyo asiibi enzyme catalase - waxa decomposes waxaay sheegayaan in ay laba u taagoo ee u taagoo biyo iyo taagoo oxygen.

falcelinta ee kala daatay hydrogenperoxid ah ee unugyada nool:

2 H ₂ O ₂ → 2 H ₂ O + O ₂

hab ay kelli ah enzyme cholesterol ah oo hydrogenperoxid ah by catalase weli si sax ah ma ay garan. Waxaa la malaysan in falcelinta qaadataa meel laba marxaladood - Marxaladda koowaad oo ka kooban birta catalase group bedalay addoonsi in la eb ogsijiin of ilaalinta waxaay ku ah, this abuuraa mid Britain oo biyo ah. In talaabada labaad heme ku oxidized lalana xiriiro Britain kale oo hydrogenperoxid ah, oon la xirrira Britain kale oo biyo ah iyo hal Britain ee ogsijiin.

Iyada oo tallaabo this of eulayska catalase for hydrogenperoxid ah, joogitaanka oo ah walaxda firfircoon ee tijaabooyinka unugyada waxaa si fudud u goostay. Si taas loo dar ku filan si ay imtixaanka muunad qadar yar oo hydrogenperoxid ah iyo inay xajiyaan oo falcelinta. Joogitaanka eulayska sheegayaa formation of goobooyin oxygen. reaction Tani waa wanaagsan, sababtoo ah waxa aanu u baahan wax qalab gaar ah ama qalab - waxa loo arki karaa isha oo qaawan.

Waxaa xusid mudan in ra'iyi ah wax kasta oo biraha culus noqon kara inhibitor a noncompetitive of catalase. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, oo dhan cyanide yaqaan dhaqmo sida inhibitor ah tartan rasmi ah ee catalase, haddii in unugyo badan oo hydrogenperoxid ah. Arsenates dhaqmaan sida activators.

codsiga

Action ee enzyme catalase ah decomposes hydrogenperoxid ah ayaa loo isticmaali jiray in warshadaha cuntada - isticmaalaya enzyme this laga saaro caanaha H ₂ O ₂ ilaa diyaarinta cheese. codsi kale - baakadaha cuntada gaar ah oo ilaaliya alaabta ka dhanka ah lagu qayilo. Catalase sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in industry dharka ee ka saarista oo hydrogenperoxid ah ka difaan.

Waxa loo isticmaalaa in nadaafadda ah malahan tiro yar. Qaar ka mid ah jeermiska dila ka kooban yihiin oo hydrogenperoxid ah iyo catalase waxaa loo isticmaalaa in aan kala tagno qayb ka hor dibna lenses.

waxqabad

Waxqabadka of enzyme catalase ku xiran tahay da'da u shaqeeyo. The unugyo yar yar ee hawsha eulayska waa ka sii badan in jir ah. Iyada oo da 'ah ee aadanaha iyo xayawaanka hawl catalase si tartiib tartiib ah hoos iyadoo ay sabab u ah ee gabow ah unugyada iyo xubnaha.

Sida laga soo xigtay baadhitaan ay dhawaan, hoos u dhaqdhaqaaqa catalase waa mid ka mid ah sababaha suuragalka ah ee graying timaha. hydrogenperoxid ah waxaa la soo saaray si joogto ah ee jirka aadanaha, laakiin innaba waxyeello ma - catalase si deg deg ah decomposes. Laakiin haddii heerka enzyme this waa la dhimay, waxaa iska cad in aan dhan hydrogenperoxid la catalyzed by eulayska. Hadaba, waxa discolors ka timaha gudaha by kala diridda formaldehyde dabiiciga ah. Tani waxay daahfurka lama filaan ah oo hadda lagu tijaabiyey cilmi, iyo ciyaaro laga yaabaa in door ah oo horumarka ee daroogada, xannibo graying ee timaha.