Esters: sifooyinka guud iyo codsiga

Esters ah - waxyaabaha la bedelay ee atamka hydrogen kooxaha hydroxyl ee acids carboxylic iyo acids macdanta ee carbon xagjirka ah. Kala mancaha, qaybsamaa iyo polyesters. jira Mono, acids qaybsamaa iyo polybasic, acids monobasic in - esters buuxa iyo acid. Title Ester ka kooban yahay magaca ah, oo ku lug leh ay formation of acid iyo khamriga. Waayo, esters, si joogto ah loo isticmaalo isku waydaarsanayeen halkan Ciyaalle ama taariikhiga ah. Sida laga soo xigtay magacyada waydaarsanayeen IUPAC esters loo sameeyay sida soo socota: qaadan khamri ah horyaalka xagjirka ah ayaa lagu daray sida magaca acids shidaalka iyo soo afjaridda -oat. Tusaale ahaan, ka qaaciidooyinka dhismaha ee esters (iyo metamers isomers) oo u dhiganta caanaha kelli S4N802, by nomenclatures kala duwan ku magacaaban: propilformiat (propilmetanoat) izopropilformiat (izopripilmetanoat), copolymer ethyl (etiletanoat) melpropionat (methylpropanoate).

Diyaarinta esters. xeryahooda Kuwan waxaa si weyn loo qaybiyey ee dabiiciga ah. Sayidka, esters ah oo miisaankeedu yahay kelli hoose iyo acids carboxylic dhexdhexaad ah taxane homologous waa qayb ka mid ah saliidaha lagama maarmaanka ah ee dhirta badan (tus, Ester uksusnoizoamilovy ama "nuxurka pear", taas oo ah qayb ka mid ah baaraha iyo midabyo badan leh), iyo esters of glycerol iyo acids dufan sare - salaysan kiimikada ee kulli xaydhii iyo saliid. esters Qaar ka mid ah waxaa loo diyaariyey synthetically.

reaction esterification The qaadataa meel by dhexgalka ee acids carboxylic (iyo macdanta) la alcohols. Hannaan The dhaqmo sida a (H2S04 inta badan la isticmaalo) acid macdanta xoog leh. Britain Hannaan The shidaa ka acid carboxylic.

Heerka reaction of esterification sidoo kale waxay ku xiran tahay kooxda OH la xiriira (aasaasiga ah, dugsiga sare ama jaamacadda) la eb kasta carbon nooca kiimikada ah ee acid iyo khamriga iyo qaab-dhismeedka silsilad hydrocarbon ah, kaas oo la xidhiidha carboxyl ah.

Hydrolysis of esters ah. falcelinta hydrolysis (saponification) esters - waa falcelinta dambe ee esterification. Waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah maraa. Haddii intaa ku daray in ay isku dar dareen, isku dar ah ee acids macdanta ama alkalis, xawaare kordhaya. saponification alkali qaadataa meel kun jeer in ka dhaqso badan acids. esters waxaa hydrolyzed ee dhexdhexaad ah xumadoodu, iyo ethers - in acid.

Marka esters diirinta alcohols in joogitaanka sulphate acid ama alcoholates (dhexdhexaad ah xumadoodu) sarrifka alkoxy dhacdaa. Tani foomamka Ester cusub, iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah falcelinta waa soo laabtay khamriga, oo markii hore ahaa in foomka ku harta in Britain Ester ah.

Esters reaction hoos. wakiilada Yaraynta inta badan waa hydride aluminium lithium, sodium in khamriga karkaraya. Esters iska caabin sare si ay tallaabo ee oxidants kala duwan loo isticmaalo ereygu ama falanqaynta kiimikada si ay u ilaaliyaan kooxaha khamriga iyo phenolic.

Esters wakiilada ugu weyn. ethanoate Ethyl (ether acetic) waa la helay by reaction esterification of ethanol iyo Hannaan acid copolymer (ku sulphate acid). ethanoate Ethyl waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida dareeraha ah oo amooniyam cellulose ee wax soo saarka ee Baaruud qiiqa lahayn, iyo film sawir, midho qaybaha essences for warshadaha cuntada.

Izoamiletanoat (ether uksusnoizoamilovy, "nuxurka pear") waa heer sare L. in ethanol, ether preservative. Copolymer loo diyaariyey by esterification ee acids iyo khamriga isoamyl. Izoamilmetilbutanoat loo isticmaalaa sida qayb dhadhan in perfumery iyo sida dareeraha ah.

Izoamilizovaleriat ( "tufaax" nuxurka, ether izovalerianovoizoamilovy) waa la helay by ficil esterification acid ee isovaleric iyo khamriga isoamyl. Ester ayuu yiri waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida a essences midhaha ee warshadaha cuntada.