History of Russia, "xabad Deulino"

In 1618, 1 (11) ee December, ka dib markii natiijada nasiib darro ah isku day ah oo polish ah in la qaato Moscow, in tuulada Deulin u dhexeeya Russia iyo heshiis Commonwealth la soo gabagabeeyey. heshiis Tani aasaasay muddo bezvoenny of 14.5 sano. Heshiiska ayaa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "xabad Deulino."

dhicin dagaalkii

Rasmi ah, waayo, bilowgii dagaalka Ruush-Polish ee 1609 waxaa loo arkaa. The sano ee hore ee ololaha millatari ahaa mid aad u guulaystay ee ciidamada Polish-Lithuanian. In muddo ah ka 1609 si ay u 1612 , waxay ka guulaystay oo la aasaasay ay awood qaybo badan oo ka mid ah galbeedka Russia. In deegaanka this sidoo kale ka mid ah ugu weyn ee ah in mar Smolensk qalcaddayda. xaaladda Ruush ahaa mid aad u kacsan waqtiga. Ka dib markii Vasiliy Shuysky lagu afgembiyey, laakiinse waxay noqdeen in awoodda xukuumadda ku meel gaarka, oo ka kooban wakiillo ka sumcad of boyars. On ay wakiil, bishii August 1610 u saxiixay heshiis ku saabsan dhismaha carshiga Ruush oo ka mid ah Polish Prince Władysław Vasa iyo hordhaca ah ee soo galay dalka reer Moscow, ciidankii reer Poland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qorshayaasha ka mid ah ayaa aan ku Qaddarray rumowday. In 1611-1612 sano ee Moscow, maleeshiyada a simaha leh views maratay anti-Polish. Ciidamada Kuwani u maamulaan si Leexin ciidamada ugu horeeyay ee Polish-ka Lithuanian territory ee gobolka Moscow, iyo mustaqbalka, in sanadaha 1613-1614, iyo tiro ka mid ah magaalooyinka waaweyn Ruush.

isku day labaad

In 1616 dheri Vladislav weheliso hetman ku Lithuanian Yanom Hodkevichem iyo mar kale isku dayaysa in ay mashquulin carshiga Ruush. waa inaan sheegaa in ay tahay waqti in mar hore iska lahaa Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Askarta la isku daro ciidamada nasiib: waxay awoodaan in ay lacag la'aan ah ayuu hareereeyey ciidamada Ruush Smolensk iyo guurto dalka ilaa Mozhaisk ahaayeen. Ka dib markii la helo in 1618 xoojin ah Cossacks Yukreeniyaan ah, hogaaminayo ciidanka Hetman Peter Sagaidachnogo Rzeczpospolita gaaray Moscow. Ka dib markii weerarka lagu guulaysan on caasimada Ruush ciidanka Polish-Lithuanian Jeedsado meesha oo ka mid ah keniisad Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos. Petr Sagaydachny oo raggiisii uu ku tago gobolka Kaluga. Under xaaladahan, Russia ayaa kaliya ka badbaaday jeer waqtul iyo dagaal yaal laba arrimood, ayaa lagu qasbay inuu saxiixo heshiis la ah xaaladaha allifey oo loo yaqaan.

Wejiga kowaad ee gabagabada heshiiska

Meesha waxaa loo arkaa inay bilowga wadahadalo webiga Presnya. Waxay la qabtay 1618, 21 (31) ee October. Kulankii ugu horeeyay ee ma keenaan wax natiijooyin ah. Xisbiyada soo bandhigay shuruudaha ugu sareeya midba midka kale. Sayidka, wakiillo ka Władysław Vasa ku adkeystay on aqoonsi uu kaliya sharci Ruush Tsar oo dalbaday in uu kala guurka hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Pskov, Novgorod iyo dalka Tver. Ruush, markeeda, ku adkeystay on laabto si degdeg ah oo dhan goobaha iyo bixitaankii ciidamada cadowga ka soohdinta reer Russia. Kulanka labaad, kaas oo ka dhacay on October 23 (November 2), 1618, ayaa ka gudbay in ka badan si guul ah. kooxda Ruushka dalbaday in la dhiso labaatan sano xabad soo ogolaaday in ay ku wareejin Roslavl iyo Smolensk. Kooxda reer Poland diiday Władysław Vasa sheegashada carshiga Ruush, balse looga baahan yahay inay dalka Pskov siin. Sidoo kale, wakiilada Dhexe oo ku adkeystay on laabashada dhan hore ku guuleystay meelaha Lithuanian oo magdhow buuxa siiyo kharashyada uu galay intii uu socdey dagaalka.

lugta labaad ee

Ka dib markii dhaqaaqin ciidanka Polish-Lithuanian degmada wadaxaajoodka Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos keniisad waxaa sii horeba. Isla mar ahaantaana uu ka ciyaaray kulankii laba xubnood oo ka mid ah isku dhaca ciidamada. ciidanka Polish-Lithuanian soo maray dhibaatooyin weyn oo sahayda cuntada socda qabow keenaya dhibaato iyo aad u badan. Goynta Constant in maalgelinta sii shiday qanacsanayn guud la calooshood, oo waxaa ka mid ah horay ayaa u maleeyay inuu ka tago meesha uu ciidanka. Xaaladdan oo kale, curisey dulun iyo boob dadka deegaanka on qayb ka mid ah askartii Polish-Lithuanian, gaar ahaan kala duwan in Cossacks ah. Dagaalka muddada dheer iyo saamayn aad u xun ku niyadda oo ka mid ah dadka deggan Moscow, qayb ka mid ah taas oo ahayd boqorkii a Polish. Dadka daalan oo ka mid ah rabshado iyo dagaallo hadalhayntood. Sidaas darteed wadaxaajoodka waxa la isku raacay on qodobada muhiimka ah ee xabad joojinta. Khilaafka kacday liiska kala qaado gacanta ah magaalooyinka Commonwealth. Sidoo kale, dhinacyada ku heshiin waayeen arrinta waqtiga heshiis xabbad joojin iyo xafiiska -Gudoomiyaha Mihaila Romanova iyo Władysław Vasa. 20 (30) ee November 1618 under derbiyada keniisad ka soo qayb galay wakiillo ka socda Safaaradda Ruushka. saddex maalmood ah wada hadal keentay in saxiixa "xabad Deulino." kooxda Ruushka cadaadis dowladda Polish-Lithuanian lahaa in ay hoos qaar ka mid ah dalabaadka iyo tanaasulaad.

shuruudaha aasaasiga ah

"Xabad Deulino" la Poland la dhigay muddo 14 sano iyo 6 bilood, kuwaas oo 25 December 1619 on 25 June 1633. Si ka mid ah Commonwealth ka gudbay: Smolensk, Roslavl, Dorogobuzh, White, Serpeysk, Novgorod-Seversky, Trubchevsk, Chernihiv, Monastic, oo ay ku jiraan dhulka ku xeeran. Russia laabtay magaalooyinka soo socda: Vyazma, Kozelsk, Meshchovsk, Mosalsk halkii magaalooyinka sida Starodub, Pochep, Nevel, Red, Sebezh, Popova Mountains, oo ay ku jiraan dhulka ku xeeran. "Xabad Deulino" la Poland uu ogol yahay kala iibsiga ku qeexan dhexdeeda magaalo iyo xaafadaha si ay u 1619, 15 (25) ee February. Wada jir ah ula magaalooyinka iyo beero wareejiyo dadka deegaanka iyo hantida waxa on. Ilaa taariikhda la mid ah (1619, 15 (25) ah February) soohdinta reer Russia lahaa inuu ka tago oo dhan oo ka mid ah ciidamada Polish-Lithuanian iyo Ukraine. Sidoo kale "xabad Deulino" waxay bixisaa ee is-dhaafsiga maxaabiista dagaalka. Waxaa loo doortay inuu 15 (25) bishii February 1619. "Xabad Deulino" soo laabtay si Russia oo keliya waayo, baayacmushtariyadaadu, kuwii gobta ahaa iyo sheekh. Sida ku cad qodobada heshiiska heshiis xabbad joojin ah, Tsar Ruush mar dambe iska lahaa horyaal ee Livonia, Smolensk iyo taliyaha Chernigov. Icon of St .. Nicholas in Mozhaisk qabsadeen ciidamada Polish-Lithuanian, maray Russia. Shuruudaha heshiiska sahan dhulka xuduudda la qorsheeyay xagaaga 1619. "Xabad Deulino" siiyey xaq u leedahay in dhaqdhaqaaqa xorta ah soohdinta reer dalalka saxiixayaasha ah, baayacmushtariyaasha Ruush iyo Polish-Lithuanian gudahood. marka laga reebo waa magaaladii Krakow, Vilnius iyo Moscow. Vladislav dheri difaacay xaq u leedahay in lagu yeedhay dukumentiyada rasmiga ah ee State Tsar Ruush ah Polish-Lithuanian.

muhiimadda taariikhiga ah

heshiis xabbad joojin Deulino ee 1618 - guusha ugu weyn ee military iyo siyaasadeed ee Commonwealth ee iska hor imaad la Russia. The xuduudaha gobolka Polish-Lithuanian fog wareejiyay bari. In muddo ah ka 1616 si ay u 1622, dhulka ee Commonwealth ka gaadhay sare taariikhiga ah (990 kun sq. Km). "Xabad Deulino" ku rasmiyaynayso sheegashada carshiga Ruush ka King of Poland iyo Grand Duke of Lithuania. Waayo, Russia, saxiixa heshiis heshiis xabbad joojin ah, at jaleecada hore, eegto aad u qurux badnayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si sax ah sababtoo ah joojinta dagaalka kula ciidanka Polish-Lithuanian gaaray dalka loo baahan yahay ka dib markii rabshado ay is dajiyaan. A dhowr sano ka dib, soo ururiyey xooggiisa, Russia ay ku xadgudbeen xabad by bilaabay dagaal Smolensk ah. Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay ahayd baxsi dhamaystiran oo carshiga Vladislav ayaa sheegtay. Ugu dambeyntii soo celiyo khasaaraha ay dhul Russia kaliya waayeen intii lagu jiray dagaalka Ruush-Polish ee 1654-1667 sano.