Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida - waa ... Imisa dagaallo gudaha ee taariikhda Russia

Marka, intii lagu jiray dagaalka quruunta oo dhammu soo baxdo si ay u difaacaan waddankooda, iyadoo aan loo eegin fasalka iyo hanti, ka dibna waxa loo yaqaan qoyska. In si kale loo dhigo, War World - waa marka qof ayaa la dagaalamaya dalkooda, waayo, madaxbannaanida iyo xoraynta ka duulay ma Qasbay, laakiin ku salaysan waxay aaminsan yihiin iyo hab dhaqan wanaagsan.

Sidee badan oo dagaallo in Russia waxaa loo arkaa gudaha

qaranka Ruushka markii ugu horeysay ugu yeedhay dagaalka kula Napoleon. amarrada rasmiga ah xaaladda qoyska helay labadii dagaal:

1. Patriotic War of 1812.
2. The War Patriotic Great.

Oo 1812, iyo 1945 dadka reer Russia adkaaday cadowga, ayaa difaacay xornimada ay gobolka. Ciidamada Ruush yahannadu ee Paris ee 1814. Liibaan A la mid ahaa ee Berlin 1945. guul Tani waxay ku kacaysaa dalka iyo dadka ay xiisad weyn.

Ka sokow xaqiiqda ah in dagaal, kuwaas oo qaatay tiro aad u badan oo ah ilaha lacag iyo qalab, khasaaro aad u weyn khasaaraha kun (1812-1814) iyo malaayiin (1941-1945) oo qof. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, Russia ayaa difaacay ay qarannimada, oo ay sabab u tahay guul, kuwaas oo ahaa awoodda adduunka saameynta weyn.

weerar Napoleon ee ciidamada Ruushka

dagaal Russia ayaa la France ka dib markii 1810 uu ahaa in siyaabo badan oo sababo geopolitical lama huraan, laakiin sal rasmi ah ay bilowgii jiray xadgudub ka dhan ah heshiiskii of Tilsit. Waxaa bilaabay August 12, 1812, markii ciidamada Napoleon ee qabsaday qalcaddii Ruush ah Kovno. Kulanka ayaa hore u yimid maalintii. Tirada ciidanka horumarinta ahayd 240,000 oo qof.

ciidamada Ruushka ayaa loo qaaday by lama filaan ah oo ay weerarka, sida qorshe weerar oo daafaca labada dagaal ciidamada Napoleon ee ayaa loo arkaa tan iyo 1810. Dagaalka hore Napoleon u lahaa horumarinta ciidamada of 1 st iyo 2 nd Army. Ciidamada First hogaaminayo Barclay de Tolly, iyo labaad - Bagration. Tirada guud ee askarta ciidanka ahaa 153.000, kaas oo ku hubeysan qoryaha 758.

Dhuumaalaysiga dagaal oo qayb ka ah qaranka

Mid ka mid ah foomka of caabiga ciidamada Napoleon ee ahaa dhaqdhaqaaqa dhuumaalaysiga ah. By go'aanka ciidanka Ruushka ayaa waxaa la aasaasay unugyada mobile, kuwaas oo si guul ah ka hawlgala gadaal cadowga. Laakiin on iyaga u gaar ah, iyada oo aan taageero ka dadweynaha, waxay noqon lahaa karin si ay u fuliyaan hawlaha ay. Taageerada dadka cadaato iska caabin ah in Napoleon - dhab ah dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Tani ayaa la caddeeyey iyo maleeshiyada - yaroow, kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay dagaalka, iyo kuwa la siiyo ciidamada dalka Ruushka iyo jabhada ka dherginaya cunto iyo calafka.

qastaan si kasta shirqooleen amarrada iyo codsiyada ka yimaada Faransiis ah. Waxay diiday in ay iyaga siin cunto - kaydka oo dhan wuu gubay, si ay u ma helayso cadow kasta. Xitaa guryahooda lagu gubay, oo markaas ka tegey duurka dhexdiisa ku biiray Xisbiga ka. Heroes ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ee 1812, ka qayb qaatay dhaqdhaqaaqa dhexdhexaad ah:

• Seslavin Alexander Nikitich;
• Denis Vasilevich Davydov;
• Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov;
• Alexander Samoylovich Figner.

Si kooban oo ku saabsan Dagaalkii of 1812

Marka ugu horraysa ee ciidanka Faransiiska qabtay jagada Ruush. Marka amarka ciidanka Ruush madax Mikhail Kutuzov, istaraatijiyad in la oggol yahay in laga adkaado cadowga ayaa la sameeyey. gurasho ee Moscow ka caawiyay badbaadin ciidanka hufan iyo in ay joojiyaan ka hor ee Napoleon qoto dheer galay Russia.

Caan Tarutino ku dhaqaaqaan Kutuzov - amba Moscow ka dib markii ay Battle of Borodino iyo joojin xerada ciidanka ee Tarutino - oggol yahay inuu ka soo leexdo hir dagaalka. dagaal Tarutino ahaa howlgalka ugu horeysay ee waaweyn Ruush keenay guul oo muuqda. Inta lagu jiro sannadaha ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida wuxuu ahaa toban ah oo ku saabsan dagaalo baaxad weyn in saamayn ay koorsada:

• at Moleva dhiiqo,
• hoos cas,
• of Smolensk;
• Valutina buuraha;
• Borodino;
• at Tarutino;
• Maloyaroslavets.

Dagaalka dhamaaday ciidamada Napoleon ee May 1814, ka dib markii is dhiibin ee Paris iyo saxiixa heshiis nabadeed. ciidanka Ruush yahannadu in Paris. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma aha dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, waa mid ka mid ah heerarka kala duwan ee xoraynta ee Europe. A War of 1812 sano, soo saaray bayaanka ah ee Alexander I, ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey ka dib markii dagaal ka on 14-16 November dhow webiga Berezina. War of 1812 - taasi waa muujin ka timid ciidamada geesinimada iyo istaraatijiyad xigmad leh, oo ay ka faa'ideysan dadkii oo dhan, dhammaan ciidamada ku adkaysato cadowga.

War Great Patriotic

Germany, iyadoon loo eegeyn heshiis u saxiixay sannaddii 39aad ee, ee June, ayaa ku xad soohdimaha dhuleed ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. On June 22, War Great Patriotic ee 1941-1945. qorshayaasha Hitler ee hubaa blitzkrieg - weerar hillaac iyo qalalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee dhawr bilood. tabaha noocan oo kale ah Hitler codsatay laga bilaabo 39aad, taasoo u ogolaatay in lagu soo qabto isaga kala bar Europe.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dagaallada ka dhanka Midowga Soofiyeedka, xeeladahaas ma bixiso. Inkasta oo in sannadaha hore ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida (1941-1942) ciidanka Jarmal ahaa awoodaan in ay ku guuleystaan dhul badan, laakiin ma aha mid u dhigma qorshaha "Barbarossa". Qorshahan waxaa ku baaqay in dhammaadka hawlgallada mileteri ee dhamaadka 1941, iyo Russia, wakhtigaas, waxay ahayd inuu weligiis baaba'aan ka map siyaasadeed ee dunida.

Dadka Soviet muujisay in War Great Patriotic - run ahaantii waa dad ee dagaalka. ciidamada geesinimo qabanin oo kharribma horumarka ee xagga bari oo ciidamada Jarmal. Taa baddalkeeda, unugyada dhuumaalaysiga ah iskula dejiyey junuud badan oo Wehrmacht ah, ka dhigtay in ay adag tahay in la siiyo cunto iyo rasaas. Arrimahan waxay u ogolaadeen ugu badnaan hoos weerar, ururto iman kara military, iyo tuulmay dagaalka.

muujinta oo ka mid ah dadka Soviet inta lagu guda jiro geesinimo dagaalka

Patriotic War The Great shaaca ka qaaday tayada ugu fiican ee dadka Soviet. Diyaargarowga is-diidmada aawadood oo ah dhulkooda hooyo iyo geesinimada - sifooyinkaasi ma aha marka laga reebo laakiin iska caadi ah. Heroes ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida - waxaa jira malaayiin dad ah. In ka badan 11 kun oo qof ayaa lagu abaalmariyey Hero horyaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. In muddada 1941-1945. Waxaa u adeegi jireen ku dhowaad 38 milyan oo amar iyo bilado. Qayb weyn waxaa uu Ottawa abaalmariyey.

buugaag badan oo sharaxaad ka waaweyn ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, laga duubay wax badan oo filimo, taasoo muujineysa falimihiisii geesinimo askari Soviet iyo Awliyadiisa. Mid ka mid ah tusaalooyin fiican oo geesinimo ah waa:

• Feat Matrosov. Jidhkiisa daboolay dhufays cadow ha unit si ay u qabtaan shaqada la dagaalanka a.
• Feat Gastello. Frantsevich Nicholas ka diyaarada gubanaya booday, oo waxay isagii u galay qarada weyn ee ciidamada cadowga iyo qalabka soo diray.
• Feat Catherine Zelenko. Intii uu socday dagaal, markii diyaarad ka tagay shidaal la'aan, u tagtay inay wankii oo ka dhacay dagaalka cadowga.

Tariikhda cadaawadda

Tan iyo bilowgii colaad Ciidamada Soviet dagaal dhanka daafaca oo lagu qasbay inay uga noqda. Dhammaadkii 1942 - bilowga ah ee 1943 u suurtagashay in ay soo qaadan qorshaha dagaalka ku badan. dagaalo Stalingrad iyo Kursk ayaa u jeestay. War The Great Patriotic ee 1941-1945. Waxaan xusuustaa dhacdooyin sida ee Midowga Soofiyeeti,

• June 22, 1941 - duulaankii ee sirreyda ah ciidamada Jarmal.
• Laga soo bilaabo June ilaa September 1941 Minsk, Vilnius, Riga, Talin, Kiev ayaa lagu qabtay.
• Laga soo bilaabo July 10 ilaa September 10, 1941 socday Battle of Smolensk.
• September 1941-27 January 1944 ee go'doominta sii Leningrad.
• September 1941-April 1942. - Ciidamada German ayaa horay on duleedka Moscow.
• Tan iyo bartamihii July-1942 in February 1943 socday dagaalkii ay ugu Stalingrad (Stalingrad).
• July 1942-kii October 1943. - Battle for Caucasus.
• In July-August 1943, a dagaalka taangiga waaweyn (Battle of Kursk).
• Laga soo bilaabo August si October 1943 waxaa socday Smolensk hawlgal weerar.
• End of September 1943 - isgoyska of Dnieper ah.
• Bishii November 1943, wuxuu sii daayay Kiev.
• March 1, 1944 si buuxda kor xanibaadda ee Leningrad.
• Bishii Abriil 1944 uu sii daayay Crimean ah.
• In July 1944, Minsk waxaa la xoreeyay.
• Bishii September iyo November 1944 soo saartay ee Jamhuuriyadda Baltic.

Soo celinta xuduudaha iyo guul

By dhamaadka 1944, Midowga Soofiyeeti, dhulka bogsatay soohdimihiisu yihiin sida ay ka hor weerarka German ahaayeen. Markaas howlgallada military bilaabay gayiga wadamada Yurub, qabsadeen ciidamada Jarmal. Ka dib markii ay sii daayo, waxaa weerar dhulka ah ee Germany tan iyo 1945. guushii kama dambaysta ah ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic yimid ka dib markii May 8 amarka Jarmal saxiixay qalab ah ee is dhiibin.

Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, taas oo muujisay geesinimada iyo dulqaad, oo ka mid ah dadka Soviet, ayaa la siiyey casharo badan oo moral. Victory dagaalka this ogol yahay Midowga Soofiyeeti ma aha oo kaliya si ay u difaacaan madaxbannaanida, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u noqdaan ciyaaryahanka hoggaamineed goobta dunida geopolitical ah.