Biography ah Ernesto Che Guevara, nolosha shakhsiga ah, xaqiiqada oo xiiso leh. Comandante Che Guevara

Ernesto Guevara waxa uu ku dhashay on June 14, 1927 in mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee Rosario ee Argentina. Caanka ah "Che" Horgalaha waxaa loo isticmaalay badan ka dib. Iyada oo ay caawimo, ee ku nool Cuba, kacaan ah ku adkeeyay asal Argentine u gaar ah. "Che" - marjic u interjection ah. At Ernesto guriga waa daaweynta caan ah.

Childhood iyo danaha

Guevara ee aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa muhandas, hooyadiis - Gabar ka qoys ee planters. qoyska ayaa u dhaqaaqay dhowr jeer. College soo socda Comandante Che Guevara ka qalin ee Cordoba, iyo waxbarashada sare ee Buenos Aires. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa go'aansaday in uu noqdo dhakhtar. By qaaska ah, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa qalliin iyo maqaarka.

Horeba Biography hore ee Ernesto Che Guevara muujinaysaa sida aan caadi ahayn ahaa qofku shakhsiyadiisu. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa xiiso ma aha oo kaliya in daawada, laakiin sidoo kale aadanaha badan. Uu reading koobnaa shuqullada by qorayaasha ugu caansan: Verne, Victor Hugo, Dumas, Cervantes, Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy. views hantiwadaagga Kacaanka qaabeeya shuqullada Marx, Somalisch, Bakunin, Lenin iyo aragtiyo kale oo bidixda.

xaqiiqda A yar-yaqaan, kuwaas oo isku khilaafay Biography ah Ernesto Che Guevara - wuxuu ogaa Faransiis. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu jeclaa gabayada, by wadnaha shuqullada Verlaine, Baudelaire, Lorca ogaa. In Bolivia, halkaas oo uu ku dhintay kacaan ah, ayuu ku qaadeen isaga oo leh ee heleyna buugga boorsada dhabarka la Aayado aad ugu jeceshahay.

Guud ahaan America

Guevara ugu horeysay ee madax banaan safarka ka baxsan Argentina waxaa loola jeedaa 1950, markii uu waqti dhiman la shaqeeyay on markab xamuul ah oo booqday British Guiana iyo Trinidad. Argentinian jeclaaday baaskiilada iyo mootooyinka. safarka Next qabsadey Chile, Peru, Colombia iyo Venezuela. Ka dibna waxa Biography dhuumaalaysiga Che Guevara noqon set buuxa ergooyinka. In uu dhalinyarada hore, wuxuu u safray dalalka dariska ah si aad u hesho in la ogaado dunida iyo helaan dareenkaa cusub.

lammaanahaaga Guevara ee mid ka mid ah safaradiisa ahaa Dr Kiimikada noole Alberto Granado. Si wada jir ah isaga la dhakhtarka Argentine booqday gumeysi kii baraska qabi jiray dalalka Latin American ah. Sidoo kale, laba qof oo booqday arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee dhowr magaalo Indian qadiimiga ah (kacaan mar walba oo ceyrisay xiiso taariikhda dadka of World Cusub). Marka Ernesto u safray Colombia, halkaas oo Dagaalkii Sokeeye bilaabay. Kala sooc lahayn, oo xataa wuu soo booqday Florida. A dhowr sano ka dib, Che sida calaamad u ah "dhoofinta kacaanka" noqon doonaa mid ka mid ah horjeeda weyn ee maamulka Aqalka Cad.

In Guatemala

In 1953, hoggaamiyaha mustaqbalka ee kacaankii Kuuba, Ernesto Che Guevara, ee u dhexeeya labada safarka waaweyn ee ku xeeran Latin America difaacay sha loo soocay in ay daraasadda of xasaasiyad. Noqoshada qalliin, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo go'aansaday inuu u dhaqaaqo Venezuela oo ka shaqeeya gumeysi kii baraska qabi jiray waxaa a. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo ku saabsan habka ay u hal Caracas ee safarka yaqaan Guevara aaminsiiyey inuu Guatemala tagaan.

socotada ahaa ee dalka Central American ka hor of duulaankii ciidanka Nicaragua ee, by CIA ee abaabulan. Guatemala City duqeeyay, iyo madaxweynaha Jacobo SF Arbenz diiday by maamulka. Madaxweynaha New Castillo Armas ahaa pro-American oo bilaabay aargoosi ka dhan ah taageerayaasha ku nool fikradaha garabka bidix ee dalka.

In Guatemala, Biography ah ee Ernesto Che Guevara markii ugu horaysay ee la xidhiidha dagaalka si toos ah. Argentina ayaa ka caawiyey daafacyada taliskii tuuray gaadiid hubka, ka qayb deminta dabka lagu jiro in cirka laga duqeeyo. Marka hantiwadaagnimadu ku guuldarro kama dambays ah, magaca Guevara ee saaray liiska dadka waxay sugayeen cadaadis. Ernesto ahaa awoodaan in ay ka magangalay safaaradda dalkiisa Argentina, halkaas oo uu ka hoos ilaalinta diblomaasiyadeed ahaa. From waxaa ay tahay in September 1954, wuxuu u dhaqaaqay Mexico City.

Aqoon u kacaan Cuba

In caasimadda dalka Mexico, Guevara isku dayay in uu shaqo sida wariye u hesho. Waxa uu ku qoray maqaal ku saabsan maxkamadda oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka Guatemala, laakiin markaas aan la maray. Dhowr bilood ka kasbaday sawir qaade reer Argentina. Markaasuu wuxuu ahaa waardiye ah ee dhismaha guriga daabacaadda. In xagaagii 1955, Ernesto Che Guevara, kuwaas oo shaqsi ah nolosha waa ciinwaanka by munaasabadda farxadda badanay, kuwa guursaday. In Mexico City, isaga in dalka yimid aroosadda Hilda Gadea. Shaqooyinka Odd si dhib leh ka caawiyay haajirad ah si ay u sameeyaan darafyadiisa kulmaan. Ugu dambeyntii, Ernesto degeen tartanka isbitaalka magaalada, halkaas oo uu shaqo bilaabay in xasaasiyad waaxda.

Bishii June 1955, Guevara in ballan dhakhtar u yimid laba nin oo dhallinyar. Waxa uu ahaa kacaan-Cuban ah kuwaas oo isku dayaya in ay afgembiyaan jasiiradda hooyo ee kaligii ah Batista. In labada sano ka hor ka soo horjeeda taliska jir weeraray Barracks Moncada ah, ka dib markii taas oo ay isku dayeen iyo xabsi. Habeeynimadii of cafis la siiyey, iyo kacaan waxay bilaabeen inay soo jabay Mexico City. Intii uu dhibtani on Latin America Ernesto la kulmay dad badan oo Cubanka hantiwadaagnimadu. Mid ka mid ah saaxiibbadiis jir ah u yimid inuu isaga arko, martiqaaday inay ka qayb qaataan duulaan ciidamada soo socda si ay u jasiiradda Caribbean.

Dhowr maalmood ka dib Argentinian ugu horeysay la kulmay Raul Castro. Xataa markaas, dhakhtarka la goostay in la siiyo ay ogolaansho in ay ka qaybqaataan weerarka. In July, 1955, in Mexico ka United States walaalkiis weyn Raul iman. Fidel Castro iyo Ernesto Che Guevara noqday watteen kacaanka soo aaddan. Kulankoodii ugu horeysay ka dhacay mid ka mid ah guryaha badbaadada Cubanka. Maalintii xigtay, Guevara noqday xubin ka mid ah duulaan sida dhakhtar. dib muddo in Raadinta, Fidel Castro ka dib qirtay in Che saaxiibo Cuba fiican fahmay su'aalaha af iyo fikirka kacaanka.

dagaal guerilla

Diyaarinta si ay Cuba u dhoofo, xubno ka mid ah "July 26 Movement" (horyaalka ee ururka, oo uu hoggaaminayo Fidel Castro) ayaa wajahay dhibaatooyin badan. In madaxda sare ee kacaan ku dhex provocateur kuwaas oo ku wargeliyay masuuliyiinta ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqyada laga shakiyo ee ajnabiga ah. Summer of 1956, booliska dalka Mexico ayaa weeraray ka dib markii taas dhagar, oo ay ku jiraan Fidel Castro iyo Ernesto Che Guevara, ayaa la xiray. Inta lagu guda jiro nidaam Batista soo horjeeda bilaabay inuu si fiican u yaqaan dadka caanka ah iyo dhaqanka. Sidaas darteed, kacaan ah ayaa la sii daayay. Guevara ku qaatay xabsiga ka badan saaxiibo kale (57 maalmood), sida uu ku soo oogay isgoyska sharci darro ah xadka.

Ugu dambeyntii, ciidamada Expeditionary tagay Mexico iyo doonnida u soo baxeen inay Cuba. Departure dhacay November 25, 1956. Ka hor ahaa dagaal dhuumaalaysi bilood-dheer. Imaanshaha taageerayaasha Castro jasiiradda baynamutaan jabtay. Askartii, oo ka kooban 82 nin oo u muuqday in mangroves ah. Its diyaaradaha weeraray dawladda. Under dab lagu dilay nus ka mid ah duulaan ku, laba dersin dadka loo qaaday maxbuus. Ugu dambeyntii, kacaan ka qaaday magangal Maestra Sierra ah. yaroow Gobolka taageerto jabhada ah, wuxuu iyagii siiyey hoy iyo cunto. meelo kale oo ammaan ah u noqday boholaha iyo baas buurta Patriots.

Bilowga ee 1957 horjeeda Batista ayaa guul muhiim ah marka hore, ay ku dhinteen shan askari oo dowladda. Si dhakhso ah, qaar ka mid ah xulka ku soo degtay la duumada. Oo waxaan dhexdooda ka jiray, iyo Ernesto Che Guevara. dagaalka dhuumaalaysiga ah lagu qasbay inuu la qabsado khatarta dhimashada. Maalin kasta, nimankii la socday in ay halis kale oo dilaa ah. Che diriray cudurka hornimaadno, otlezhivayas ee buulasha of qastaan. Saaxiibo inta badan arkay isaga la buug ama kitaab kale oo fadhiya. Blog Guevara ka dib noqotay saldhigga xusuus isaga u gaar ah dagaalka dhuumaalaysiga ah, la daabacay ka dib guushii kacaanka.

By dhamaadka 1957, mucaaradka ayaa gacanta ku buuraha reer Maestra Sierra ah. xulka ayaa waxaa lagu daray leh mutadawiciin cusub ka bulshada maxalliga ah kuwaas oo ku qanacsanayn taliskii Batista ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, Fidel sameeyey Ernesto Major ah (Taliyaha). Che Guevara lagu amray by column gaar ah, taas oo ka koobnayd 75 qof. Dhulka hoostiisa mara taageero riyaaqay dibadda. Waxay daalaeday galay buuraha saxafiyiinta American, waxaa laga heli karaa oo dalka Mareykanka ah ayaa sheegay in ku saabsan "July 26 Movement".

Comandante ma aha oo kaliya keentay dagaalka, laakiin sidoo kale keentay doodid. Ernesto Che Guevara ahaa tafatiraha sare ee "Free Cuba". tirada ugu horeeyay oo qoraal ah by gacanta, ka dibna mucaaradka suurtagashay in ay hesho hectograph ah.

Guul ay Batista

In guga ee 1958 wuxuu bilaabay waji cusub oo dagaallama qaab dhuumaalaysi ah. taageerayaasha Castro ayaa wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka tago buuro iyo dooxooyin falka. Summer ayaa la aasaasay xiriirka deggan la Communists Cuba ee magaalooyinka halkaas oo shaqo joojinta bilaabay inuu soo baxo. Go'idda of Che Guevara mas'uul ka ah weerar ee Las Gobolka Villas. dhererka gudubtay of 600 km, in October ciidanka this gaadhay kala duwan ee buurta Escambray iyo furi hor cusub. Waayo, xaaladda Batista sii xumaanayso - maamulka Mareykanka ayaa diiday in ay u gudbiyaan hubka.

In Las Villas, taas oo ugu dambayntii la aasaasay xoogga mucaaradka, waxaa la daabacay sharciga ku saabsan dib u habaynta beerolay - tirtiridda guryaha ku kireeya '. Course loo laalay of caadooyinka raggu jir tuulada jiitay galay madaxda sare ee kacaan beeralayda cusub. bilaabaha ee dib u habaynta ku caan ahaa Ernesto Che Guevara. Years of naftiisa uu ku qaatay qoraallada afka baarkiisa ah hantiwadaagnimadu ah, oo hadda saxar uu codkarnimada, isaga oo ku boorriyay dadka caadiga ah ee Cuba ee sida saxda ah, taas oo waxaa la siiyaa xubnaha "July 26 Movement".

The dagaalo la soo dhaafay oo muhim ahaa oo dagaalka ee Santa Clara. Waxa ay ku bilaabatay on December 28 iyo guul u ah mucaaradka dhamaaday January 1, 1959. A saacado yar ka dib markii uu is dhiibin ee ciidankii reer Batista tagay Cuba oo qaatay inta kale ee naftiisa dibedda. Dagaal for Santa Clara toos keentay in Che Guevara. 2 ciidamada January uu galay Havana, halkaas oo kacaan sugayay dadka Liibaanay.

nolol cusub

Ka dib guuldaradii ka mid ah wargeysyada Batista ee adduunka oo dhan ayaa la weydiiyey kuwa Guevara Che ka badan hogaamiyaha mucaaradka caan ah iyo waxa uu mustaqbalka siyaasadeed? Bishii Febraayo 1959, Dowladda Fidel Castro ayaa sheegay in a qaranka ee Cuba. Markaas Guevara bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan in saxiixyada ay Horgalaha caan ah "Che", oo wuxuu tegey taariikhda.

Marka mucaaradka shalay dowladda cusub soo noqday madaxweynaha Bankiga Qaranka (1959 - 1961) iyo Wasiirka Warshadaha (1961 - 1965). Sannaddii kowaad oo ka dib markii ay guul kacaanka, uu sida rasmiga ah lahaa safar dunida oo dhan, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo uu booqday Masar, Sudan, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Indonesia, Burma, Japan, Morocco, Spain iyo Yugoslavia. Sidoo kale bishii June 1959, Taliyaha diini ah. Xaaskiisa oo xubin ka ah "ayuu July 26 Movement" Aleida March noqday. Banii Ernesto Che Guevara (Aleida, Camilo, Celia, Ernesto) ku dhashay guur la naagtan (marka laga reebo gabadhii ugu weynaa ee Hilda).

dhaqdhaqaaqa State

In guga ee 1961, ugu dambeyntii soo dhacay hoggaamiyayaasha American Castro bilaabay hawlgal ee Bay ee Doofaaro. On Liberty Island, ayuu degay degtey Col. Ilaa iyo dhamaadka hawlgalka Che Guevara keentay ciidamada in mid ka mid ah gobollada ee Cuba. Qorshuhu wuxuu American guuldareystay, iyo dowladda hantiwadaagga ee Havana waxaa sii raagayaan.

In dayrta ee Che Guevara booqday East Germany, Czechoslovakia iyo USSR. In Midowga Soofiyeeti, wafdigiisa saxiixay heshiis on sahayda oo sonkor ah Cuba. Moscow ayaa sidoo kale ballan qaaday in ay kaalmo dhaqaale iyo mid farsamo Liberty Island. Ernesto Che Guevara, xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh oo ka koobnaan yaabaa buug oo kala duwan, ka qaybgalay dabaaldega, ka go'an in ay sanad guurada of Kacaanka Oktoobar. guests Cuba istaagay on boosteejo ah ee Gorod ee soo socota si ay Nikitoy Hruschevym iyo xubnaha kale ee kadago ah. Ka dibna, Guevara ayaa si joogta ah u soo booqday Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Wasiirka a, Che si dhab ah dib ay ka aaminsan tahay dawladaha dalalka hantiwadaagga. Waxa uu ka xumaaday iyada oo xaqiiqda ah in dalalka communist weyn (ugu horayn Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Shiinaha) ay ku leeyihin marka la eego nabay adag la kabay-hawlgalayaasha yar, waxa ay ahayd Cuba.

In 1965, intii uu booqanayay Algiers, Guevara ka dhigay hadal caan ah taas oo uu ku dhaleeceeyay Moscow iyo Beijing for addoonsiga fikradahooda dalalka walaalnimada. dhacdo Tani ayaa muujisay mar kale kuwaas oo Guevara Che ka badan oo caan ah iyo taasoo lahaa sumcadda kacaan this. Ma uusan ka tanaasulaan mabaadiida, xitaa haddii uu ku khasbanaaday in colaadda la Xulafada tagaan. sabab kale oo carada Comandante ahaa colnimadiinna ee xerada hantiwadaagga si firfircoon uga soo fara in kacaanka gobolka cusub.

Duulaan si ay u Africa

In guga ee 1965 Che Guevara ahaa ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo. Tani dalka bartamaha Afrika u socday iyada oo dhibaatooyin siyaasadeed, iyo kaymaha Awliyadiisa ay, oo ku baaqay in la aasaaso hantiwadaagga ee waddankooda. Comandante gaaray Congo oo ay la socdaan boqolaal ka badan Cuba. Waxa uu ka caawiyay abaabulo dhulka hoostiisa ah, iyaga la wadaago oo uu waayo-aragnimo u gaar ah helay intii lagu jiray dagaalka ka dhanka ah Batista.

Inkastoo Che Guevara gelin xoog oo dhan, oo uu tallaabo kasta oo sugaya failure cusub ee nolol cusub. Mucaaradka ayaa la taahayeen guul dhowr ah, iyo xiriirka Cuba la hoggaamiyaha saaxiibo Afrika Kabila khaldamay laga bilaabo. dhowr bilood dhiig dowladda Congo, ka soo horjeeda by hantiwadaagnimadu ka dib, wuxuu sameeyey tanaasul qaar ka mid ah oo lagu xalliyo colaadaha. dhabar jab kale oo mucaaradka ahaa diidmada ah ee Tansaaniya u siiyaan saldhigyada danbe. Bishii November 1965, Che Guevara ka tagay Congo, iyo ma soo gaadhay gool ka dhigay kacaanka.

Qorshayaasha mustaqbalka

Joogista Africa qiimihiisu Che duumada soo socda. Intaa waxaa dheer, sahlay neefta, kaas oo uu soo gaaray tan iyo markii uu carruurnimada hore. Qeybtii hore ee 1966 Comandante si qarsoodi ah lagu qabtay Czechoslovakia, halkaas oo uu ku daweeyey mid ka mid ah jiga ee Czechoslovakia. Nasasiiyay dagaal ka, Latino sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan qorshaynta ee Kacdoonkii cusub dunida oo dhan. Fame ayaa helay war ku saabsan baahida loo qabo in la abuuro "Vietnams badan", taas oo wakhtigaas wuxuu ku dhex jiray dagaalada u dhaxeeya nidaam siyaasadeed oo labada dunida ugu waaweyn ee.

In xagaagii 1966 Taliyaha ku soo laabtay Cuba iyo madax diyaar u ah ololaha dhuumaalaysiga ah ee Bolivia ah. Sida ka leexatay, dagaalkan ahaa ee la soo dhaafay isaga. Bishii Maarso 1967, Madaxweynaha Bolivia Barrientos naxay in ay bartaan ficilka ee jabhada dalka, la dayacay ee kaymaha ee hantiwadaagga Cuba.

Si aad uga takhalusi ah "khatar cas", siyaasi ka codsaday caawimo Washington. Aqalka Cad, waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay isticmaalaan dhanka ah unit unugyada CIA gaar ah Che ee. Wax yar ka badan tuulooyinka gobolka u dhow ah oo Awliyadiisa waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan waraaqo ka hawada ku kala firidhsan oo fariin ah ajir weyn dilka ah ee Kacaanka ah ee Cuba.

dhimashada

Total Che Guevara ee Bolivia qaatay 11 bilood. halka oo dhan, wuxuu dhawray rikoor, taas oo uu dhintay ka dib lagu daabacay qaab buug. Tartiib tartiib, dowladda Bolivia bilaabay inuu xaddido mucaaradka. laba cutub, ka dib markii taas Taliyaha hadhay ku dhawaad total go'doon la Halaagay. October 8, 1967, isaga iyo dhawr Ehelkeeda waxaa hareereeyey. Laba fallaago ahi la diley. Dad badan oo ay ku dhaawacmeen, oo ay ku jiraan Ernesto Che Guevara. Isagu wuxuu u dhintay kacaan ah, ogaaday iyada oo xusuusihii dhowr markhaatiyaal indhaha ku arkay.

Guevara wada jir ah ula saaxiibo hoos ilaalo loo diray tuulada La Higuera, maxaabiista waxaa jiray meel a dhismaha yar oo adobe waa dugsi ku yaal xaafadda. Dhulka hoostiisa mara qabtay xulka Bolivia, oo ku dhameysatay ka hor tababarka ay ku taliyeyaal ciidan u soo diray by CIA ee abaabulan. Che diiday inuu ka jawaabo saraakiisha weydiimaha la hadlay oo keliya askartii iyo mar mar la weydiiyay in ay sigaar.

Subaxnimadii October 9, at tuulada caasimadda dalka Bolivia yimid amarada si ay u fuliyaan Kacaanka Cuba. Isla maalinta la toogtay. Jirku wuxuu ahaa gaadiid magaalada u dhow, halkaas oo meyd Guevara la saaray bandhigay by dadka deegaanka iyo wariyayaasha. Jirku wuxuu u isticmaalka faraha si rasmi ah u xaqiijin dhimashada mucaaradka ah gooyeen gacanta. hadhaagii ayaa lagu aasay Qubuuraha ku qarsoon.

Aaska helay in dadaalka suxufiyiinta American 1997 mahad. Isla mar ahaantaana hadhaagii Che iyo dhowr ka mid ah oo isaga saaxiibbadiis ah ayaa lagu wareejiyay Cuba. Waxaa ay si sharaf leh ka go'an in ay dhulka. Gorod halkaas oo uu la aasay Ernesto Che Guevara, oo ku yaalla Santa Clara - magaalo ku taal oo Comandante guuleystay guusha ugu weyn ee sannadkii 1959.