LAZ-697 "dalxiiska": farsamada khaaska. basaska Intercity

Tan iyo markii ay Abuuridda iyo ilaa 1955 kala duwan ee wax soo saarka ee Lviv Bus Plant iyaga. 50 sano USSR ee ka koobnaa: wiish iyo dayactir, baabuurta korontada, jiifku for isu isjiidka jiido, isjiidka gaar ah gaadiidka yar oo kibis ah, baabuurta, basaska, isjiidka dukaamo mobile ... Guud ahaan, warshadda ahayd wax soo saarka, marka laga reebo isu basaska. Iyo 17 oo keliya August 1955 geedka talo farsamo oo intii lagu jiray kulan dheer la aqoonsaday kuwa. siyaasadda iyo jihada of horumarinta ee wax soo saarka ee basaska iyo tababarayaasha.

Prototypes LAZ basaska

Gaar ahaan loogu talagalay dhirta pilot baska qotomiyey Warshadda KB ah, maaraynta kaas oo la wakiishay inay V. Osepchugovu. Xafiiska ugu weyn ee khubarada ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in naqshadeeye dhallinyarada ahaa, oo dhawaan ka qalin hay'adaha warshadaha baabuurta.

Markii hore LAZ qorsheeyay si ay u bilaabaan wax soo saarka ee model ah dhammeeyayna ay baska zis-155. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ah CB kooxda dhallinyarada hami aslanba ka dhanka ah rajo caynkaas ah ahaa, oo soo jeediyay abuurka ah ee gaarigiisa. Fikradda ayaa waxaa taageeray maamulka sare, iyo si gaar ah loogu talagalay LAZ in shaqo ma bilaabi ka xoq, ayaa lagu soo iibsaday waqti tababarayaasha Yurub ugu dambeeyay: "Magirus", "Neoplan" iyo "Mercedes". iyaga injineerada Factory macno kala dhantaashay boolal, si taxadar leh waxbarashada sifooyinka design baabuurta dejinteeda.

Sidaas darteed, by dhamaadka 1955 baska noocooda ahaa ku dhow. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay waxa loo adeegsaday saldhig ciidan, oo ka kooban tuubo lahaa iskutallaabta qaybta qaab. Iyada oo aasaas u adag la xiriirtay qaab dhismeedka jirka baska. Gaariga motor, kaas oo sidoo kale ahaa cibaaro ah, oo ku yaalla longitudinally qaybta danbe.

Warshad CB ganaax Wheel waa la isku dubarideen injineerada Maraykanka. Waxay ahayd caadiga ah, dhisme guga-guga, taasoo qallafsanaan korodhka saami kordhaya load. Sidaa darteed, heerka uu ciriiriga ah ee baska wax saameyn ah kuma raaxada ee safarka rakaab ah. Waxa ay ahayd sifo kale ee kala duwan ee mashiinada Lviv.

In 1956, iyadoo warshad soo giringiriyey off ah magaalada ugu horeysay LAZ-695, kaas oo noqday noocooda ah ee beddelka long-distance mustaqbalka.

Bilowgii "dalxiis" Jidka

In dayrta ee 1958 Lviv Automobile Plant ayaa ah basaska noocooda isgaarsiinta long-distance. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah. in mishiinka loo isticmaali doono shixnadda dheer, ayuu yidhi index a tiriyey helay Intaa waxaa dheer - "dalxiiska The". baska cusub ayaa joogay wax soo saarka si wadajir ah ay gaari iyo Machadka Maraykanka ee injineerada design.

Waxa intaa dheer in "dalxiiska The" ayaa heshay tiro ka mid ah isbedel design in la kala saaro noocooda ah (LAZ-695), samaynta ay isku dayeen in ay abuuraan jawi raaxo rakaabka.

albaabada Bulkhead yaal labada daraf oo qol ah, bedelay caleen hal, taas oo gacanta laga furay. Saraysa saqafka gaariga sameeyey.

Waayo, cimilada gudaha LAZ-697 "dalxiiska" jawaabay labada nidaamka:

• kululaynta nooca kululeeyaha hawada;
• hawo lagu qasbay, qalabaysan uumi ah.

Salon xisaabiyaa on 33 kursi.

rakaabka ahaa design xad raaxo leh dhabarka hagaajin karo. Intaa waxaa dheer, kursiga kasta ku qalabeysan yahay: Roobka shaqsi habeenkii xumbo nalalka loogu talagalay buugaagta, wargeysyada iyo majaladaha, iyo sidoo kale haastari.

Si hanuuniyo bixiyo kursiga suunka gaar ah - 34aad, pivotable marayo 180 darajo.

Waxaa la this Lviv Bus hore loo qoondeeyey ZIL summad - xarafka "L" in jir chrome ah. Dheeraad ah, calaamada noocan oo kale ah waxay u yimaadeen inay ka dhigan tahay oo dhan lagu daydo xiga iyo wax ka bedelida ee baabuurta soo saaray geedka.

The model noocooda dhammaadeen ayaa lagu soo bandhigay Exhibition ee Guulaha dhaqaalaha, in category cusub - "Intercity baska". Ka dib markii ka qayb Exhibition ee baska Guulaha Dhaqaalaha raacay kooxda safar, ka kooban oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha ugu distinguished ee warshadda, Safar ah iyada oo Poland ah hantiwadaag iyo Czechoslovakia.

qaadataa laba

Xilliga xagaaga hore ee 1959, FFA uu abuuray version kale ee "dalxiiska The", tiro isku mid sixitaanka, laakiin tiro ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha dhismaha ka noocooda ugu horeysay.

isbedel khatar ah ayaa saamaysay saqafka sare ee baska, model u saraysa ayaa la bedelay dillaacaan weyn (1.8 x 2.7 m), sababtoo ah taas oo hoos degaanka ee saqafka mirayadahiisa rays. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee model this kor ku xusan muraayada la Jaha qaadashada hawada, kaas oo bixiya hawo dabiiciga ah ee qol rakaabka. In qaabka ay u ekaa horjoogeha ka furka. Dhamaan basaska soo socda bixisey in peak noocan oo kale ah, kaas oo noqday nooc ka mid ah astaamaha of manholes. Sidoo kale dhaxlay dhamaan noocyada xiga ee basaska ahaa in la kordhiyo tirada daaqadda, marka hore lagu rakibay on labanlaab LAZ-697.

Shandadaha rakaabka ahaa si toos ah rakibay hoos dabaqa qol ah. Loading boorsooyinka ka baxsan xilsaaro godobihii dhinac gaar ah oo ku yaalla on dhinacyada baska.

unit Awoodda ahaa engine ah Zil-164. nooca Cayrin guga (ilo semi-elliptical caleen 4) ilo hagaajinta.

Tani Lviv Bus 2 sano oo isku xigta ayaa lagu soo bandhigay sida soo bandhigid ah bandhigyo caalamiga ah: in 1959 - in France, iyo in 1960 - in Switzerland.

Mashiinnada dhisay ee taxanahan, khilaafeen ka unit awood noocooda ah. basaska Intercity rakibay 109 hp engine ZIL-158A. engine la mid ah oo helay magaalada - LAZ-695B.

LAZ-697: sooc

• baska Size, m - 9,19 x 2,99 x 2.5 (dhererka, width, height, siday u kala horreeyaan).
• Waddada Miisaanka - 6 t 950 kg.
• Miisaanka uu leeyahay oo ka buuxa mishiinka - 10 t 230 kg.
• Ansixin - 27 cm.
• Reserve xawaaraha - 80 km / h.
• Awooda unit awoodda - 109 l / s.
• PPC - buuggan shan tallaabooyinka.
• Xigay - nooca hal disc, qalalan, qalabaysan drive a Haydarooliga.
• width ee furitaanka albaabka - 84 cm.
• Number of kursi rakaab ah - 33.
• Maris width - 45 cm.
• gacan ka jeestay - 9.6 m.

Bedelida ah "dalxiiska"

Ka dib markii la daabaco ee taxane ah mashiinka horumarinta LAZ-697 siima uu joogin joojiyo, iyo in ka badan waqti ay jiraan 4 beddelka baska Intercity:

• LAZ - 697E;
• LAZ - 697M;
• LAZ - 697N,
• LAZ - 697R.

Bedelida ah "E"

Tan iyo 1961, geedka ZIL bilaabay inuu siiyo basaska si Lviv matoorada cusub, unit ah 150-xoog ka ZIL-130. matoorada Kuwani waxa loo xiraa ee labada basaska magaalooyinka iyo muddo dheer meel fog, sabab sixitaanka lagu daydo soo saaray kaas oo beddelay (daray warqad "E") - LAZ-695E iyo LAZ-697E siday u kala horreeyaan.

isbedel keeni jiray koror in basaska xawaaraha ugu sareeya inay 87 km / h. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xisbiga bixiyo ee makiinado cusub ahaayeen kuwo yar yar, sidaa oo ay la socdaan qaabka dib u habaynta ee warshadda sii waday in ay soo saaraan basaska "jir ah". Dibadda, ee mashiinada "jir ah" iyo "cusub" midba midka kale ma kala duwan yihiin.

Waxa aan ahaa ilaa 1964-kii, markii powertrains sahayda Zilovskoye ayaa noqday ee caadiga ah, iyo engine cusub si buuxda u bedelay model hore.

Waxaa laga sanadkan modified baska gaaray isbedel yar oo dibadda ah - dedan oo wheel noqon fekrado, dal ka mishiinka saaro moldings dhinaca. In update this waa in ka badan, iyo in hab baska la soo saaray ilaa 1969.

Bedelida ah "M"

In 1970, model soo jireenka ah ee baska helay isbedel dheeraad ah oo qoto dheer oo taabtay iyo tababarayaasha, iyo dhigiisa reer magaalka, labada baabuur ayaa sidoo kale helay in ay digital sixitaanka xarafka "M". Hadda waxaa la yidhaahdaa LAZ- 697M iyo LAZ-695M (Intercity iyo magaalada, siday u kala horreeyaan).

Samaynta gabi ahaanba ka baxay dalcadaha saqafka galaas, laakiin meesha kordhay daaqadaha dhinaca. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyo biibiilaha qaadashada hawada ee engine ka ahaa jiheysteen, taas oo markii hore lagu rakibay ee dambe ee baska. Waxa lagu badalay deflectors dhinaca.

Isbedelka la sameeyey iyo gudbinta mishiinka. Factory dariiq dhexaad danbe lagu badalay iyada oo kaamil ah a - "Addoon", wax soo saarka ee Hungarian, iyo qalabaysan isteerinka Haydarooliga.

Laakiin marka hore, model mudaaharaad in shaqaalaha warshad soo bandhigay bandhig Moscow ee 1969, xoogaa ka duwan baska serial qorshee dhamaadka hore ee mishiinka iyo joogitaanka dhowr baxo xaaladaha degdegga ah, kuwaas oo bedelay galaas dhaqanka.

wax soo saarka Serial ee LAZ-697 M sii waday ilaa 1975, by kaas oo markii uu hore u diyaarinaya inuu bedeli beddelid kale "dalxiiska" - LAZ-697N. By habka, guurka buuxda mishiinka cusub waxaa fuliyey si tartiib tartiib ah, marka hore line kiniisadda dhaadhacay lagu daydo, kuwaas oo hybrid ah oo ka mid ah laba qeybood. dhamaadka hore ka mid ah LAZ-697M iyo dib mar hore ka cusub LAZ-697N.

LAZ-697N

xarafka "H", beddelayo "M" ee index ee mashiinka, waxaa mar serial LAZ-697M ahaa kordhay size ee dhajnayaa. Waxaanu u sameeyey 1973. Laakiin markii ugu horeysay baabuur leh sida index ah bixiyey guulaha bandhiga ee Moscow ee 1971. Dhab ahaantii waxa uu ahaa 697M duug ah, laakiin hore ah design cusub.

wax soo saarka Mass of basaska bilaabay 1975. In isku midka ah, diyaarinta ah ee wax soo saarka ee gaariga soo socda, taas oo ahayd in ay ka soo baxaan ee taxanahan laba sano ka dib, iyo si aad u hesho index ka LAZ-697R. Oo intuu halkaas joogay xilliga kala guurka ah, line kiniisadda bilaabay inuu model dhexe sida isbedel design modified tagaan.

Tusaale ahaan, in mashiinada waxaa gebi ahaanba laga saaro dhinaca daaqadaha Murayaad oo iyaga badalay sheet galaas adag, iyo vnutrisalonnoe hawo posted qaadashada hawada dibadda ku yaalla saqafka sare ee baska. overhang danbe ayaa albaabada hore taaba kale.

LAZ-697R

Production ah wax ka bedelidii oo dheeraad ah, LAZ-697R, waxay bilaabeen, sida la qorsheeyay, 1978. Dhaqan ahaan, baska cusub duug ah wax yar ku kala duwan yihiin. Farqiga ugu weerarka ka LAZ-697R LAZ-697N ahaa ayaa albaabka dib u lahayn, iyada oo mar kale la hakiyay sabab u xaqiiqda ah in ay joogaan ayaa hoos u dhigtay tirada kuraasta. Well, on calaamo kale oo suurto gal ahayd in la kala saaro nooc cusub oo duug ah - waa meesha uu leexashada ah. In LAZ-697R tilmaamayaasha jihada leedahay laba jibbaaran oo dheeraad ah oo casri ah oo si toos ah ayaa ku yaal kor ku xusan laydhkaaga ah. In leexashada LAZ-697N ku yaalla dhinaca laydhkaaga ah, qaabka iyaga ku wareegsan oo ahaa.

Transition taariikhda

All beddelka 697 basaska taxane iska dabaqadda dhexe, iyo markii aan weli taagnaa. Maxaa loo baahan yahay jiray baabuur badan kuraasta. Sidaa darteed, sanadkii 1985-soo-saarka oo ka mid ah "dalxiisayaasha" jir joogsadeen. Waxay la bedelay a 41-kursi oo cusub LAZ-699, diraya taxane 697-aad ee category ah "Retro-basaska"

maalmood iyo Retro Lviv "dalxiiska"

Waxay qaadatay in ka badan nus qarni ah tan iyo markaas, sida ay yeeleen baska ugu horeeyay noocooda tilmaamay LAZ-697. Laakiin weli ka mid xayeysiis shakhsi waxaa laga heli karaa ogeysiiska iibinta mashiinada ee taxanahan. Oo waxaa la ogaadaa in ay basaska Retro ma yihiin shaqaalaha oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale xaalad wanaagsan. Dabcan, waayo, long-distance safarka waa qof yaabo malayn in la isticmaalo mashiinka sida a, laakiin waxaa loo ururin gaar ahaaneed waxa ay ahaan laheyd arrin xun. Intaa waxaa dheer, baska kharash yar.

Laakiin waxaa jira reeban. museum ee gaadiidka magaalooyinka ee Kiev waxaa jira mid ka mid ah versions of "dalxiiska The" - LAZ-697M. baska Tani waa mid ka mid ah dhowr ah lagu daydo (khubaro ayaa sheegaya in dhan seddex ka mid ah), kaas oo la wada ilaaliyo, in qaabka asalka, iyo xitaa gobolka socda. At matxafka, waxa uu ahaa ka dib markii dib u soo celinta fuliyay Warshadda LAZ. Iyo, daacad ah, haddii ay tani run ahaantii waa mid ka mid ah saddex mishiinada haray, qiimaha dhabta ah ee baska waa ay adag tahay in la qiyaaso.

By waaweyn iyo, waxa qiimaha mashiinka jir ah, ma laha, waxa muhiim ah waa in ay jiraan dad kuwaas oo aan la taag daran in taariikhda horumarka gaadiidka ee USSR.