Casharradii laga taariikhda: hoggaamiyayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa Cad

In dagaalka sokeeye ka dhanka ah Bolsheviks waxay ahaayeen noocyo kala duwan oo ciidamada. Waxa ay ahayd Cossacks, waddaniyiinta, xisbiga, monarchists. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah, inkastoo ay kala duwan yihiin, waxay ahaayeen kiiska White. Adkaaday, madaxda ciidamada anti-Soviet mid dhintay ama Hijrooday laga yaabaa.

Alexander Kolchak

Iyadoo caabiga Bolsheviks ma noqon si buuxda u midaysan, kuwaas oo Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak (1874-1920) waxaa loo arkaa by taariikhyahan badan tiradaasi ugu weyn ee dhaqdhaqaaqa White. Waxa uu ahaa askari xirfad leh oo u adeegay in Ciidamada Badda ee. In nabadda, Kolchak noqday caan ah sida sahamisa a kala horjeeda iyo cilmiga-oceanographer.

Like askari kale oo xirfad leh, Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak ahayd waayo-aragnimo qani ah inta lagu guda jiro xilli Japanese iyo dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Iyada oo agaa of Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka ah, ayuu si kooban u dhaqaaqay USA. Marka news ka soo hooyo ee kacaanka Bolshevik u yimid, Kolchak in Russia ku soo laabtay.

Admiral gaaray Siberian Omsk ah, halkaas oo dawladda SR ayaa dhigay midiidin dagaalka. In 1918, saraakiil ka dhigay inqilaab oo loo magacaabay Kolchak taliye sare ee Russia. Madaxda kale ee dhaqdhaqaaqa White weli ma ay hantiyeen sida ciidan badan oo sida Alexander (meeshii hantidiisii ahayd ciidanka 150,000th ah).

On dhulka ay gacanta ku soo celiyay Kolchak sharciyada Empire Ruush ah. Guuritaanka ka Siberia galbeed, Guddoomiyaha Sare ee ciidanka Russia ee hormartay si Volga ah. Ugu sarreysa ee uu guul u soo dhowaadaan Kazan cad. Kolchak isku dayeen in ay soo jiid ka badan intii macquul ah ciidamada Bolsheviks, Denikin in ay nadiifiso waddooyinka si Moscow.

In qeybtii labaad ee 1919, Army Cas weerar weyn. White socday gurteen galay Siberia. xulafadooda Dibadda (guryaha Czechoslovak) siiyey fuushan tareen, bari Kolchak SRS. shot Admiral in Irkutsk ee February 1920.

Anton Denikin

Haddii bari ee Russia keentay Army Cad Kolchak ahayd ee koonfurta of hoggaamiye milatari oo muhiim ah muddo dheer ahaa Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872-1947). Waxa uu ku dhashay dalka Poland, tegey inaad wax ka barato magaalada oo noqday sarkaal shaqaalaha ah.

Denikin ka dibna u adeegay ee xuduudda la leh Austria. Dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka uu ku qaatay ciidanka Brusilov ah, ka qayb Hakadyada caanka ah iyo hawlgallada Galicia. Dowladda ku meel gaarka ah si kooban u sameeyey taliyaha Anton Ivanovich of Front Koonfur-Galbeed ee. Denikin taageerto fallaago Kornilov. Ka dib markii failure ee inqilaabkii, Lieutenant-General kooban xidhay (kursiga Bykhov).

Sii daayay bishii November 1917, wuxuu bilaabay inuu taageero arrinta Denikin White. Wada jir ah ula Guud ee Kornilov iyo Alexeyev wuxuu abuuray (oo markaas hal fadeexadi ku keentay) Volunteer Army, kaas oo noqday laf-dhabarka iska caabin ah ay u Bolsheviks ah oo ku yaalla koonfurta of Russia. Waa bet ku Denikin awoodaha Entente, dagaal taliskii Soviet ka dib markii nabadda gaar ah la Germany.

Mararka qaarkood Denikin dhaceen Petrom Don Ataman ku Krasnovym. Cadaadis ka sokeeye maqleen Anton Ivanovich. Bishii Janaayo 1919, Denikin noqday Taliyaha VSYUR - Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee koonfurta Russia. Oo ciidankiisii ka bariyeelay gobolka Bolsheviks Kuban, Don, Tsarina, Donbass, Kharkiv. weerar Denikin ee soo galla ee bartamaha Russia.

VSYUR gurteen in Novocherkassk. Denikin dhaqaaqay halkaas uga Crimean ah, halkaas oo bishii April 1920 cadaadis ka soo horjeeda ku wareejiyay awoodaha uu Petru Vrangelyu. Taasi waxaa xigay bixitaanka in Europe. Socdaal General qoray Xusuusqorkan ah, "maqaalo on rabshado Ruush", taas oo uu isku dayay in aan ka jawaabo su'aasha ah sababta dhaqdhaqaaqa White adkaaday. In dagaalka sokeeye, Anton Ivanovich vinylalkohol gaar Bolsheviks. Waxa uu diiday in ay taageeraan Hitler oo dhaleeceeyay iskaashi. Ka dib guuldaradii of Reich Saddexaad Denikin lagu badalay meesha aad deggan oo u dhaqaaqay Mareykanka, halkaas oo uu ku dhintay 1947.

Lavr Kornilov

qabanqaabiyaha ah afgambi ku guuldareystay Lavr Georgievich Kornilov (1870-1918) wuxuu ku dhashay galay qoyska Cossack ah sarkaal, kuwaas oo goostay inuu xirfadiisa ciyaareed military. Sarkaal sirdoonka, isna wuxuu u adeegay in Faaris, Afgaanistaan, iyo Hindiya. In dagaalka, oo uu ku qabtay Austrians ah, sarkaalka guriga orday.

Markii hore Lavr Georgievich Kornilov dowladda ku meel gaarka ah. Colka weyn ee Russia, wuxuu u maleeyey ee Bidixda. Sida doode awoodda xoog badan, wuxuu bilaabay inuu diyaariyo soo horjeeda dowladda. Oo uu March on Petrograd ku guuldareystay. Kornilov iyo taageerayaashiisa la qabtay.

Iyadoo Bilowgii hore ee Kacaanka Oktoobar, guud ee la sii daayay. Waxa uu noqday Taliyaha ugu horeysay ee Ciidamada Tabaruca ee koonfurta of Russia. Bishii Febraayo 1918, Kornilov abaabulan ee Kuban First Dilal (Ice) si Yekaterinodar. Howlgalkan waxuu sii waxa uu noqday halyeeyga. Dhammaan hoggaamiyayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa White mustaqbalka isku dayaya in ay noqon Horseedka. Kornilov waxaa murugo leh lagu dilay duqeyn Ekaterinodar.

Nikolai Yudenich

General Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich (1862-1933) uu ahaa mid ka mid ah Jeneraaladii Ruush ugu guulaha badan dagaalka ka dhanka ah Germany iyo xulafadeeda. Waxa uu hogaaminayo shaqaalaha Army Caucasian lagu jiro dagaalo ay la Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda. Marka xoog, Kerensky u diray sirkaal ah in uu is casilo.

Iyadoo Bilowgii hore ee Kacaanka Oktoobar, Nikolay Nikolaevich Yudenich halka sharci-darro ah ku nool Petrograd. Horraantii 1919, iyadoo la isticmaalayo dokumentiga been u guuray Finland. Shirka ee Guddiga Ruush Helsinki naadiyey madax.

Yudenich aasaasay xiriirka ay la Aleksandrom Kolchakom. Isku duwidda falalka ay la Admiral ah, Nikolai aanay isku dayin inay askareeyaan taageerada Entente iyo Mannerheim. In xagaagii 1919, in uu helay faylalka tacliimeed ee Wasiirka War in loogu yeero dowladda Woqooyi Galbeed sameeyay dheregno.

In xilliga dayrta ee Yudenich abaabulay March a on Petrograd. Asal ahaan, dhaqdhaqaaqa White in Dagaalkii Sokeeye dhaqmeen oo ku taalla daafaha dalka. ciidanka Yudenich ee, on lid ku ah, isku dayeen in ay xoreeyaan magaalada (iyada oo sababtu tahay dowladda Bolshevik ku dhaqaaqay Moscow). Waxay ku qaaday Tsarskoye Selo, Gatchina iyo in meelaha Pulkovo yimid. Trotsky ahaa awoodaan si ay u gudbiyaan by tareenka si ay u xoojin Petrograd badan buriyay oo dhan isku day si aad u hesho qabtay magaalada cad.

By dhamaadka 1919, Yudenich gurteen inay Estonia. Dhawr bilood ka dib ayuu u haajiray. Waayo, wakhtigu waa qaar ka mid ah guud ahaan ku qaatay magaalada London, halkaas oo uu ku soo booqday by Winston Churchill. Svyknuvshis soo gaartay, Yudenich deganaa ee France iyo siyaasadda ka baxeen. In 1933, uu u dhintay ee Cannes ka qaaxada sambabada.

Alexey Kaledin

Marka October Revolution ka qarxay, Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin (1861-1918) wuxuu ahaa ugaas oo ka mid ah ciidamada Don. At this post uu doortay dhowr bilood ka hor dhacdooyinka ee Petrograd. The magaalooyinka Cossack, ugu horrayn ee Rostov, waxay ahayd naxariis xooggan ee hantiwadaagnimadu ah. Ataman, in la barbardhigo, wuxuu arkay kacaanka Bolshevik ee dembiyada. news naxo Qaadashada ka Petrograd, ayuu adkaaday Soofiyeedku ee martida Don ah.

Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin ka Novocherkassk ku shaqeeya. Bishii November, ayaa waxaa u yimid guud kale caddaan - Mikhail Alekseev. Dhanka kale, Cossacks in uu miisaanka fadhin. Qaar badan oo ka daalnay mujaahidiintii nololi ku jawaabay in ay ku dhigyo Bolshevik ah. Qaar kale waxaa iska lahaa dowladda Lenin waa dhexdhexaad. Colnimada hantiwadaagnimadu weli ma soo maray ku dhawaad ma jiro.

rajada inay xiriir la yeeshaan markii la afgembiyey Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka ah laga badiyay, Kaledin u tageen inay tallaabo adag. Isagu waa qirtay madaxbannaanida ee martida Don ah. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo fallaago this Rostov Bolsheviks. Ataman, oo taageero ka Alekseeva, uu cadaadis bayaanka. At Don dhiigga ee u horeeyay daadiyaan ahaa.

Dhamaadkii 1917 Kaledin siiyey go-hor la abuuro of Bolshevik anti-Volunteer ciidamada. In Rostov muuqday laba ciidamada isku midka ah. Dhinaca mid, waxay ahayd Guud Army Volunteer cad, oo dhinaca kale ah - ee Cossacks maxaliga ah. Recent dheeraad ah u dabacsanaadaan Bolsheviks ah. Bishii December, Army Cas degay Donbas iyo Taganrog. unugyada Cossack, Dhanka kale, gabi ahaanba baaliyoobay. Ogaaday in keceen isaga u gaar ah ma doonayaan in ay la dagaalamaan xoogga Soviet, Ataman is.

ataman Krasnov

dhimashada Kaledin Cossack ka dib markii muddo dheer Taageersanaa Bolsheviks ah. Marka ay xoog u Don Soviet la aasaasay, askari hore-line shalay si deg deg ah u yimaadeen inay u neceb cas. Horeba May 1918, fallaaganimo ka qarxay Don ah.

New Ataman of Cossacks Don ahaa Peter Krasnov (1869-1947). Inta lagu jiro dagaalka kula Germany iyo Austria, uu, sida Guud badan oo caddaan ah oo kale oo ka qayb qaatay caanka xal Brusilov. Si military Bolsheviks mar walba loola dhaqmo la xuso. Waxa uu ahaa kii on amarka Kerensky isku dayeen in ay ka niyad taageerayaasha Lenin Petrograd, markii kacaankii Oktoobar kaliya dhammaado. ciidanka Small Krasnov qabsadeen Tsarskoye Selo iyo Gatchina, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan Bolsheviks hareereeyeen isaga iyo hubka.

Ka dib markii guuldaradii ugu horeysay ee Peter Krasnov ahaa awoodaan in ay u guurto Don ah. Noqoshada yaabbaa Cossack anti-Soviet, ayuu diideen inay addeecaan Denikin iyo isku dayeen in ay ku baaqaan in siyaasad madax banaan. Gaar ahaan, Krasnov ayaa la aasaasay xiriirka saaxiibtinimo ee Germany.

Keliya markii ay ku dhawaaqday dhiibay, go'doon Ataman addeecin Denikin ee Berlin. Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Tabaruca aan muddo dheer u dulqaadan saaxiib sugina. Bishii Febraayo 1919, cadaadis ka Krasnov Denikin wuxuu u kacay Yudenich ciidan ee Estonia. Meeshaas ayuu ka haajirtay Europe.

Sida badan oo ka mid ah madaxda dhaqdhaqaaqa White ah, in maxaabiis ahaan, hore Cossack Ataman riyoodaan oo ku saabsan ku celis ah. Nacayb Bolsheviks isaga riixay inay taageero Hitler. Jarmalka ayaa sameeyey madaxa Krasnov of Cossacks ee dhulka Ruush haysto. Ka dib guuldaradii of Reich Saddexaad, British soo saaray Pyotr Nikolayevich USSR. In Midowga Soofiyeeti uu isku dayay oo lagu xukumay dil. Krasnov waxaa la dilay.

Ivan Romanovsky

Warlord Ivan Pavlovich Romanovsky (1877-1920) in Zaman reer boqor ahaa ka qayb gelin dagaalka kula Japan iyo Germany. In 1917 wuxuu taageeray war Kornilov iyo Denikin ahaa adeegaya xiray magaalada Bykhov. Ka dib markii uu u dhaqaaqo Don ah, Romanovsky qaybqaatay formation of abaabulay ciidamada ugu horeysay anti-Bolshevik.

General Denikin ayaa loo magacaabay ku xigeenka iyo shaqaalaha kormeero. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in Romanovsky lahaa uu tababaraha saameyn weyn. xataa doonista Denikin la odhan jiray Ivan Pavlovich uu dhacdo dhimashada lama filaan ah.

Sababta oo ah directness Romanovsky arkayo taliyayaal badan oo kale military ee Dobrarmii, ka dibna VSYUR. dhaqdhaqaaqa White ee Russia lahaayeen isaga in la xarfaha hore. Marka Denikin, Wrangel guulaysteen, Romanovsky tagay posts oo dhan oo ku soo laabtay Istanbul. In magaalada isla lagu dilay Lieutenant Mstislavom Haruzinym. Shooter, sidoo kale in ciidamada Cad, sharxay uu tallaabo by xaqiiqada ah in vinylalkohol Romanovsky VSYUR guuldarada in dagaalka sokeeye.

Sergei Markov

The Volunteer Army Sergey Leonidovich Markov (1878-1918) ayaa noqday geesiga nidaam ah. Magiciisii waxaa loo bixiyey guutada iyo ciidamada midab leh. Mark noqday kuwa loo yaqaan for tayadiisa taatikada iyo geesinimo gaar ah, taas oo uu ku soo bandhigay in dagaal kasta oo la Army Cas. Xubno ka tirsan dhaqdhaqaaqa White ee la daalaa dhacaya gaar ah loola dhaqmo si ay u xasuusta ee guud this.

Biography Military Markov in Zaman reer boqor ahaa caadiga ah ka dibna sarkaalka. Waxa uu ka qayb-galay ololaha Japan. Dhanka Jarmal, wuxuu ku amray ciidankii qoriga ah, ka dibna wuxuu noqday madaxa ulaha ee xaquuqda aadanaha. In xagaagii 1917 Markov taageeray Kornilov oo si wadajir ah ula Guud kale mustaqbalka White xiray in Bykhov.

Bilowga dagaalka sokeeye, ciidamada dhaqaaqay xagga koonfureed oo dalka Russia. Waxa uu ahaa xubin aasaase ah Army Tabaruca. Markov kaalin weyn in ay arrinta cad ee Ice ee March. On habeenkii ay bisha Abriil 16, 1918 ayuu koox yar oo ah iskaa wax u qabso ahaa qaaday Medvedovku - saldhig tareen waaweyn, halkaas oo iskaa wax u qabso ku baabbi'iyeen tareen gaashaaman ee Soviet, ka dibna ka qarxay Buuloburde iyo isagoo ka baxsanayo cadaadis tegey. natiijada dagaalka ahaa badbaadinta ciidanka Denikin ee, uu kaliya ka dhigay weerar lagu guulaysan Ekaterinodar oo qarka u of guuldaradii.

Markova feat isaga geesi si cad oo col ku dhaartay Reds ka dhigay. Laba bilood ka dib, tayo Guud ee ka qeyb qaatay Offensive Kuban ah. Ku dhawaad magaalada Shablievki qayb la kulmay ciidamada ka xoogbadan, cadowga. In daqiiqad khaas ah naftaada Markov ayaa u muuqday in ay u furan, halkaas oo ay ku qalabaysan dhibic daawashada. Sida laga soo xigtay booska dabka la furay ka tareen ciidamada Cas gaashaaman. Near Sergey Leonidovich bam ku qarxay, kaas oo isaga dhaawaca sababay a dhimanaya. Dhowr saacadood ka dib, June 26, 1918, ciidamada ayaa ku dhintay.

Petr Vrangel

Petr Nikolaevich Vrangel (1878-1928), sidoo kale loo yaqaan Baron Black, ka sharaf qoyska ka mid ah u yimid, oo wuxuu lahaa oo xididdada ku xiran Jarmalka bari. Ka hor inta uu noqday askari, wuxuu helay waxbarashada injineernimada. Damacsanaayeen inay ka adeegaan ciidamada, si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu ka adkaaday, oo Butros wuxuu tegey inaad wax ka barato trooper ah.

ololaha ugu horeysay Wrangel wuxuu ahaa dagaal la Japan. Inta lagu guda jiro World koowaad, isna wuxuu u adeegay in ilaalada Horse ah. dhowr waaweyn sharafta, tusaale ahaan in la qabtay batari Jarmal. Marka on hore koonfur-galbeed ka, sarkaalka ka qayb qaatay ee horumar degdeg ah caansan Brusilov.

Inta lagu jiro Kacaanka February ee Petro ugu baaqay inay ciidamo u soo diri Petrograd. Inta lagu guda jiro this dowladda ku meel gaarka ah in ay isaga ka adeega saar. Black Baron dhaqaaqay dacha ee Crimea, halkaas oo uu ku qabtay by Bolsheviks ah. Sirkaalkii wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay u noolaadaan oo kaliya in ay ku baryootan oo uu naagtiisa ka mahad.

Sida ee aristocrat iyo taageere boqortooyada, waayo fikrad Wrangel White ahayd meel aqbalay in Dagaalkii Sokeeye. Waxa uu ku biiray Denikin. Taliyaha Military u adeegay in Ciidamada Caddaan ah, keentay qabashada Tsaritsyn. Ka dib guuldaradii of Army White inta lagu guda jiro bisha March oo ku saabsan Moscow Wrangel bilaabay inuu dhaleeceeyo uu tababaraha Denikin. Colaadda keentay in bixitaanka ku meel gaar ah ee General ee Istanbul.

Soon Petro in Russia ku soo laabtay. In guga ee 1920, uu doortay oo madax ka ah ciidamada dalka Ruushka. Uu salka ahaa Crimea ee muhiimka ah. Jasiiradda ahayd goobtii ugu dambeysay ee dagaal sokeeye oo cad. ciidanka Wrangel caabiyay weeraro dhowr ah Bolsheviks ah, laakiin ugu danbeyn ku guuldareystay.

In la masaafuriyey, Baron Black ku noolaa Belgrade. Wuxuu aasaasay oo madax EMRO ah - Ruush Midowga Military, ka dibna waxa lagu wareejiyo mid ka mid ah amiirradii weyn Nikolai Nikolaevich. Wax yar ka hor geeridiisa, ka shaqeeya sidii injineer, Pyotr Wrangel dhaqaaqay Brussels. Waxaa uu u dhintay cudurka qaaxada ee 1928.

Andrew Shkuro

Andrey Grigorevich Shkuro (1887-1947) uu ahaa Kuban Cossacks dhashay. Sida nin dhallinyaro ah u tageen inay duulaan panning dahab Siberia ah. At dagaal la Kaiser ee Germany Shkuro abuuray ciidan dhuumaalaysiga ah dhicin naaneeso "Wolf boqol oo ka mid ah."

Bishii Oktoobar 1917, Cossack ee loo doortay baarlamaanka Kuban gobolka. In monarchist a by xukunka, si xun ayuu u diidey wararka ee soo socda si ay awood of Bolsheviks ah. Shkuro bilaabeen inay halgan kula commissars cas, markii badan oo ka mid ah madaxda dhaqdhaqaaqa White aan weli waqti si qaylo ah isu sheegi. In July 1918, Andrew G. iyo xisbigiisa eryay Bolsheviks ka Stavropol.

In xilliga dayrta ee Cossack istaagay madaxa guutada koowaad ee Saraakiisha of Kislovodsk, ka dibna - awr Division Caddaan ah. Chief Shkuro ahaa Anton Ivanovich Denikin. In Ukraine, ciidamada jebiyey askartii a Nestora Mahno. Ka dibna wuxuu ka qeyb qaatay March on Moscow. Shkuro waxaa dagaalamaya Kharkov iyo Voronezh. In magaaladan, xilli maanshaynay.

Ka fogaadaan ciidanka Budyonny, Lieutenant-General u sameeyey si Novorossiysk. Meeshaas ayuu ka dhoofeen Crimean ah. In ciidankii reer Wrangel Shkuro anigu ma qabtay on sababtoo ah colaadda la Baron Black. Sidaas darteed, sirkaalkii caddaan ahayd in maxaabiis ahaan xitaa ka hor inta guusha dhamaystiran oo Army Cas.

Shkuro ku noolaa Paris iyo Yugoslavia. Markii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida bilaabay, uu, sida Krasnov, oo ay taageerayaan naasiga ah ee ay halganka ka dhanka ah Bolsheviks ah. Shkuro ahaa SS Gruppenführer iyo in awood this uu la Awliyadiisa Yugoslav diriray. Ka dib guuldaradii of Reich Saddexaad, wuxuu isku dayay in ay jabiyaan galay dhulka degan Ingiriiska. In Linz, Austria British Shkuro wada saaray askartii badan. Kabtanka White waxaa la isku dayay in ay la socdaan Petrom Krasnovym oo lagu xukumay dil.