Qarnigii fadeexad. scammers caan ah iyo dadka musuqmaasuqa

XX Century galay taariikhda sida qarnigii musuqmaasuq iyo khayaanada grand. Sale ee Eiffel Tower ah, ee Ahraamta dhaqaale Bisha, budhcadnimada, quackery caafimaad - liiska aan dhamaystirnayn oo khiyaamo in ruxmay aadanaha. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan idiin dhiibo hogaanka 10: qarnigii fadeexad ugu hami.

10 meel. Labada ciyaaryahan, kuwaas oo aan ku heesi kara

Rating ah kagaartay weyn ee qarnigii XX furmo caan ah ee 80-90-mada. Kooxda pop Jarmal Milli Vanilli. Rob Pilatus iyo Fabrice Morvan hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda, iyadoo labada ciyaaryahan, kuwaas oo aan ku heesi kara.

Milli Vanilli - horfadhiyaan ah soo saare caan ah German Frank Farian. Labada ciyaaryahan ayaa waxaa la sameeyay sanadkii hore 80-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay oo si deg deg ah helay aqoonsi oo dunida dacaladeeda ah. shows u wayn, qaab magaalooyinka ugu waa weyn ee Europe, malaayiin taageerayaal - waxan oo dhan ayaa noqday mid dhab ah, waayo, qoobka hore iyo Rob Faris. sarreysey ee dadka labada ciyaaryahan ee ahayd sannaddii 1990 markii Milli Vanilli helay Grammy Award haybadda leh ee category ah "Best New Artist". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqo kooxeed ugu dhakhsaha badan kala gooyey ay sabab u tahay fadeexadii. Intii lagu guda jiray riwaayad ee Bristol (United States), halkaas oo Rob iyo Faris gabyeen "live", waxaa jiray failure farsamo disk ah on taas oo lagu duubay soundtrack ah. Sidaas darteed, weedha ah ee song caanka «Girl aad ka ogaato Waxaa True» lagu celceliyo marar badan, oo labada ayaa lagu qasbay in uu ka tago goobta. Waxaa soo baxay in inta lagu guda jiro qaab ciyaareedkiisa Pilatus iyo Morvan Keeban gabay, iyo codad asalka ah waxaa iska lahaa kuwii gabayaaga ahaa American Charles Shaw, Brad Howell iyo John Davis.

Ka dib fadeexadii la raacay by tijaabo ah oo dheer. Sidaas darteed, labada ciyaaryahan ayaa lagu qasbay in la siiyo ilaa abaalmarinada oo dhan. Waxaa intaa dheer, ardayda khiyaameeyay kabayso kharashka diiwaanka helay Milli Vanilli, iyo tikidhada riwaayada ay.

meel 9aad. Miracle Dzhona Brinkli

meel 9aad ee darajayn ee "qarnigii fadeexad ugu hami" khiyaamo caafimaad our qaaday Dzhona Brinkli. Qofkani wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in dhawr sano ka wiil tuulada masaakiinta loo bedelay in multimillionaire!

Dzhon Brinkli waxa uu ku dhashay tuulo yar oo American. In uu dhallinyarada uu lahaa shaqo badan. Waxay ahayd waqti this, John bilaabaa inuu la yaabi ku saabsan dakhliga sharci-darrada ah. "Macalimiinta" Brinkley noqday kuwa loo yaqaan ee North Carolina scammers iyo dadka musuqmaasuqa.

In 1918, John iibsaday shahaado caafimaad oo bilaabay in ay hirgeliyaan noocyo kala duwan oo kagaartay. Lzhedoktor si wax looga qabto arrimaha la xiriira awoodba lab. Waxa uu soo bandhigay inuu bukaanka "berriba" biyo madow debeda. Markaas John Brinkley fikrad kale oo cajiib ah. Si dhakhso ah uu ku qanciyo lzhedoktor nin oo si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatada la awoodba u beddeli doonaa xubnaha taranka ee riyaha oo dhan. Laba sano ka dib, ganacsi cusub Mr. Brinkley bilaabeen inay dakhliga cajiib ah. In muddo bil ah, isaga iyo saaxiibadii ayaa sameeyay ugu yaraan 50 hawlgallada! In 1923, ee ganacsade guul ayaa helay ay idaacadda u gaar ah, halkaas oo ay hirarku xayaysiiyo rugta Dr. Brinkley.

In 30-mada. lzhedoktor lahaa si ay u dhamaystiraan tababar caafimaad. Mr. Brinkley dhowr dacwadaha ay sabab u tahay dhimashada bukaan hore ayaa loo soo gudbiyay. In 1941, speculator caanka ku dhawaaqay kacda.

meel 8aad. The dembiilaha-artist

Bilowga ee qarnigii XX ee Empire Ruush ah, ruxruxo ah kagaartay bangiga. The bangiyada ugu weyn dalka ayaa laga badiyay lacag badan. Dhibaatadu waxa ay muddo dheer iska aamusin, sida ururka ma doonayaan in ay lumiyaan kalsoonida maal-milyaneerka ay. Later waxaa soo baxay in dhammaan fiisa kuwan, dhac fuliyay hoos jihada gaar ah Michael Tsereteli. In qaybaha kala duwan ee Russia uu yaqaan magacyo kala duwan: Prince of Qaaca, Eristavi, Andronikov.

Tsereteli martiqaaday in ay iskaashi la yeesho qof ee ugu taajirsan boqortooyadiisa ka, qaaday baasaboorada iyo habboon kayd bangi ay. In 1913, fraudster ahaa awoodaan in ay qabtaan fadeexad baaxad weyn oo ah in Germany. Waxa uu abaabulay lacag ururin loogu talagalay dhismaha iyo dayactirka ee raxan ah, ka dibna Khayaamay lacag aad u badan.

Dhinac kale oo waxqabad Tsereteli ahaa dhac ah Mudanayaal hodanka ah ee jiga Yurub. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa si deg deg ah ay suuxaan galay kalsoonida, ka dibna dagay haweenka idiina weyn.

In 1914, hoos magaca Prince Tumanov Tsereteli uu ku noolaa Odessa. Sannad ka dib uu qabtay. Waxaa soo baxay in kaliya ee 1914-1915 GG ah. cheater cranked in ka badan 10 fiisa waaweyn! Si kastaba ha ahaatee Tsereteli marna eegay marmarsiiyo, wuxuu kaliya ayaa yiri: "Anigu ma ihi dembiyeed, I - Faneed '.

meel 7-dii. Me qabsado haddii aad awoodid

Frenk Abigneyl muddo 5 sano ah ayaa tiro badan oo khiyaamo grand. Ninkan galay taariikhda America sida cheater ugu weyn. Intaa waxaa dheer, oo ku salaysan nolosha halystana hanad ayaa laga duubay Stivena Spilberga ah "Me Qabo haddii aad awoodid." Sidaas, waxa ay caan ku Frenk Abigneyl?

fadeexad weyn ee Mr. Abagnale ayaa la xiriira been of waraaqaha bangiga. dhaqdhaqaaqa denbiyada Frank bilaabay at 16 jir, khiyaaneeyey aabbihiis. 21 sano nin dhallinyaro "isku dayay on" xirfado badan. Waxa uu ahaa dhakhtarka caruurta, professor of cilmiga iyo xataa Xeer-ilaaliyaha Guud ee Louisiana! Laga soo bilaabo machinations of Mr. Abagnale saameeyeen bankiga ee bangiyada ee 26 dal oo Yurub ah.

At 21, halystana la xiray. Laakiin 5 sano ka dib waxa ay hore shardi ah in fraudster hore shaqeyn doono FBI-da ayaa la sii daayay. Sidaas darteed, in ka badan 40 sano Frenk Abigneyl talinayaa Xafiiska Baarista iyo gacan ku tiriska fiisa.

meel 6-dii. been abuur ah Rockefeller

Christopher Rokankurt waxa uu ku dhashay tuulo yar oo Faransiis. In 20-sano uu ka go'an in uu dembi hore - xatooyo bangi Geneva. Ka dib markii in, Mr. Rokankurt tagay USA. First, Christopher ahaa xubin ka mid ah kalsoonida oo ka mid ah haweenka ugu qanisan, iska dhigaya ina Sofi Loren ama adeer Dino De Laurentiis. Soon Mr. Rokankurt abuurtay Halyeeyga cusub. Wuxuu xubin ka mid ah qoyska banker American James Rockefeller ah, aasaasaha caanka ah ee The Standard-Oil noqday. nolosha Rich, fiiro gaar ah u helicopter shakhsi haweenka - waxan oo dhan ayaa noqday mid dhab ah, waayo ninkii hore ee saboolka ah. Kristofer Rokfeller si deg deg ah soo bandhigay galay kalsoonida ka mid ah dadka ugu caansan. saaxiibbadiis bilaabay inuu Jean-Klod Van Damme oo Mikki Rurk. Laakiinse waa u ammaan Rockefeller beenta ahaa muddo kooban ah. In 2000, Christopher Rokankurt la xiray. Ka dib markii damiin fraudster u tageen inay Hong Kong, halkaas oo uu sii waday in uu fadeexad. Sannadkii 2001, wuxuu mar kale la xiray iyo eedeeyay lunsashada $ 40 million.

meel 5aad. Bisha

meel 5 th ee darajayn ah swindles weyn qaadataa Ahraamta dhaqaale Bisha. Mavrodi Sergey waxaa loo arkaa qabanqaabiyaha ah fiisa ugu weyn ee taariikhda Russia. Dhismaha waxaa la aasaasay 1989, waxaana uu sii waday in ay noqon firfircoon ilaa 1994. Abaabulka Bisha, Mavrodi go'aansadeen in ay magaca ka xarfaha hore ee magacyada aasaasayaasha ay (Sergey Panteleevicha walaalkiis iyo Olga Melnikova) sameeyaan. Markii hore shirkadda waxaa ku hawlan iibinta kombiyuutarada. Tan iyo 1992, ururka waxay bilaabeen inay soo saaraan saamiyada u gaar ah, kaas oo la mid aad u deg deg ah ka iibiyey. Markaas Mavrodi asal ahan waxa loogu yeero tigidhada Bisha. Qiimaha tikidhada waa 1/100 saamiyada. Dusha, waxay ahaayeen mid ah si Ruble Ruushka, laakiin ee xarunta of warqad uu ahaa sida sawirka ka mid ah Mavrodi. In 1994, Bisha, waxaa jiray in ka badan 12 milyan oo bankiga. Bishii Agoosto 1994, aasaasaha ee muranku ka Ahraamta dhaqaale, waxaa la xiray, iyo hawlaha Bisha joojiyay. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta kala duwan, Sergei Mavrodi musuqmaasuq saameeyey oo ku saabsan 10 million bankiga.

khiyaamo Financial - mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka ugu waaweyn ee qarnigii XX ah. Qaab dhismeedka Sergey Mavrodi ee may ahayn oo kaliya mid ka mid ah shirkadaha yar oo ka kaas oo malaayiin qof oo soo gaaray. List of Silanyo dhaqaale ee qarnigii XX waxaad ka arki kartaa hoos.

Fikirka Ahraamta ugu caansan

• Ahraamta Dona Branca. In 1970, muwaadin u dhashay Portugal, Donna Brank furay bangi u gaar ah. In si ay u soo jiitaan bankiga iyada u ballan qaaday heerka bil kasta aan ka yarayn 10% macmiil kasta. Kumanaan ka mid ah dadka ka soo guud ahaan dalka ayaa lacagtooda aaminay in ay bangiga. Laakiin sanadkii 1984 Don Brank la xiray musuqmaasuq iyo grand nidaamka Ahraamta burburay.
• Scheme Lu Perlmana. laabka jeedin badan caan ku tahay isagoo iibiyeen dhawaad 300 million oo ah saamiyada shirkadaha aan jirin.
• "Yurub Royal Club" - shirkad abuuray by Hans Shpahtholtsem iyo Damar Bertges. Sidaas darteed ururka been abuur kun oo maal-ka dal oo kala duwan ku waayay qiyaastii $ 1 mrld.

qorsheyaasha Ahraamta XXI

qorsheyaasha Ahraam - ma ahan oo keliya dhibaato qarnigii XX ah. kala duwan oo ka mid ah qorsheyaasha khiyaamo sii wadaan in ay la fulin ilaa hadda. Waxaana u bandhigaynaa liiska ka mid ah qorsheyaasha Ahraamta ugu caansan qarnigii XXI Ilaaheenna.

• "Jeeg Double" - nidaamka horumariyo macalinka caadiga ah ka Pakistan, Syed Shah. First, wuxuu dhigay soo jeedinta ah ay dariskeeda ka ciyaarto, balanqaaday in si deg deg ah ku labanlaabtaa maalgelinta ay. Soon, Ahraamta ayaa koray dalka oo dhan. Sidaas darteed, Shah suurtagashay inay wax dulmaan bankiga ee ka badan $ 800 million.
• Barnard Madoff Ahraamta - fadeexad weyn, by ganacsade American abaabulan, waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah musuqmaasuq ugu weyn ee dhaqaale ee taariikhda. Sidaas darteed of Madoff fund maalgashiga khiyaameeyay jiray in ka badan 3 milyan oo qof. Burburka soo gaaray by maal, waxa lagu qiyaasay $ 65 billion.

meel 4aad. hanad Financial of Charlz Pontsi

meel 4aad ee darajayn ee "fadeexad ugu hami qarnigii" khiyaamo dhaqaale naga mashquulin Charles Ponzi. Mr. Ponzi waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah fiisa ugu waynayd taariikhda Mareykanka. halystana dhaqaale Future gaaray dalka ee 1903. Sida laga soo xigtay Ponzi ugu, ee uu jeebka waxa uu ahaa "$ 2 million dollars iyo rajo." In 1919, uu saaxiib ayaa qaadatay $ 200 oo uu asaasay Ahraamta dhaqaale gaar ah SXC. Ponzi bixiyey bankiga ay dakhliga ee iibinta iyo iibsiga alaabta ee dalal kala duwan. Intaa waxaa dheer, scammer ayaa balan qaaday macaamiisheeda 50% laabto on deebaajiga 3 bilood. nidaamka Ponzi bilaabay inuu si guul ah ku shaqeeyaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee qorshaha xariif burburtay markii saaxiib la ah Charles, ayaa mar isaga siiyey lacag, dalbaday in kala bar Ponzi dakhliga. Waxaa jiray tijaabo ah oo dheer, inta lagu guda jiro taas oo ah "hanad dhaqaale" ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in kacda iyo masaafurin in ay dhulkooda hooyo. Charlz Pontsi ku dhintay Rio de Janeiro, halkaas oo uu la aasay on ugu dambeysay ee uu $ 75.

meel 3aad. soo baxayo ayaa fraudster

meel 3aad ee darajayn ee "qarnigii fadeexad ugu hami" qaadeen khiyaamo Martin Fraenkel. Ninkan, oo ay la socdaan Charles Ponzi, halystana waxaa loo arkaa ugu weyn ee taariikhda Mareykanka. Tan iyo carruurnimada, Martin caayi qaddar nin ganacsade ah guul. Wiil The dugsiga sare ka qalin hore, ka dibna u baxay inuu jaamacad.

Jidkiisa dambi fraudster xariif bilaabay sannadkii 1986, aasaasay shirkad maalgashi ee Creative Partners Fund LP. Sidaas darteed, Martin Frenkel u suurtagashay in ay dulmaan maal ay ku saabsan $ 1 million. A dhowr sano ka dib conman aasaasay fund maal kale, Kuna si weyn loo kordhiyo dakhliga ay.

A dhowr sano ka dib Frankel soo fadeexad cusub, oo waxay bilaabeen iibsashada shirkadaha caymiska ee gobolo kala duwan.

In 1998, fraudster ku xariif ah ayaa helay laba aad u faa'iido badan, safiirka Maraykanka u USSR iyo wadaadkii si fiican u yaqaan Catholic, Aabbaha Yacquub. Iyadoo ay gargaar, uu abaabulay fund hay'ad samafal ah oo lagu taageerayo kiniisadda American, taas oo, dhab ahaantii, waa qorshe Ahraamta kale.

The hawlaha Mr. Frenkel waxaa hakiyey oo keliya sanadkii 2001, markii uu ku xiray oo lagu xukumay 200 sano.

meel 2aad. 419 fadeexad

meel 2aad ku jira kaalinta waa khiyaamo ugu weyn ee dhaqaale ee qarnigii XX ah. In sheekada, ayay galeen sida "warqad Nigerian" ama "419 fadeexad". Waa in la ogaadaa in nidaamka ku xusan hoos ku qoran, sii wadaan in ay ku shaqeeyaan ilaa maantadan la joogo.

419 fadeexad bilaabay in 80s ee. qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Wakhtigan, koox dambiilayaal ah sameeyay Nigeria, oo waxay bilaabeen inay u fulin farsamo hore ee khiyaameeyay muwaadiniinta la siri karo. Soon khiyaamo farsamadaa waxa uu ku faafay internetka. Waa maxay nuxurka ka mid ah warqado Nigerian?

Mail dadka ka yimid dalalka kala duwan u yimid inuu warqaddii ka Nigeria ama dalalka kale ee Afrika. diraha kadhibaataysan qaataha in ay gacan uga gaystaan howlaha dollar multi-million, ballanqaadaan boqolkiiba la taaban karo. Sida caadiga ah, diraha u muuqataa in ay hore King, kii dhaxalka lahaa taajirka ah ama banker ah. Warqadda ayaa waxaa ku jira codsi ku saabsan gargaarka in turjumaad ah lacag aad u badan si ay dal kale ama dhaxal u hesho. Haddii qaataha uu ogolaado si ay u caawiyaan diraha, ma aha oo kaliya ma heli doonaan lacag u ballan qaaday, oo lumiya isaga u gaar ah.

meel 1aad. Sale of Tower Eiffel

Sidaas daraaddeed, meesha 1aad ee our darajayn waa qarnigii ugu asalka XX fadeexad. Waxaa loo arkaa qabanqaabiyaha Victor Lustig. conman Tani waxay hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida ninkii iibin Tower Eiffel ah.

In qarnigii hore XX, hooyo a of Victor Czech Republic ee Lustig degay Paris. Halkan ayuu cranks a fiisa yar, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay United States. In 1925, Lustig in Paris laabtay. Waxaa, ee bogagga wargayska a Waxaan akhriyey fariin sheegaysa in Tower Eiffel la dhowaad ku dhacay burbur iyo u baahan dayactirka ama xasuuqeen. Macluumaad Tani waxay ahayd saldhig u ah fadeexad cusub oo xariif ah. Lustig, iska dhigaya wasiirka a Faransiis, Dira ka ganacsato taajirsan telegrams Europe yeedho inay ka qayb qaataan doodda of qaddar dheeraad ah astaanta ugu weyn ee Paris. Isla mar ahaantaana waxay iyaga u xaqiijinaya of baahida loo qabo in qarsan macluumaad this. Sidaas darteed, a $ 50 kun. Victor Lustig iibin xaq u Wakiil ah munaaraddii Eiffel ee Andre Poisson. Raaceen wax yar ka dib fadeexadii maamulka Faransiiska ayaa kor u xasishay Cododku Eebaha.

Lustig haajiray Maraykanka, laakiin dhowr sano ka dib ayuu u Paris noqdeen oo mar kale ka iibiyey Tower Eiffel ah (markan 75 kun. Doolar).