2nd Belorussian Front: Taliyaha, halabuurka, dagaal, jidka aad ku

Ugu dambaysta ah stage of War Great Patriotic, markii Ciidamada Soviet ayaa qabsaday ka Jarmalka dhulka oo dhan RSFSR la aasaasay Front Belorussian 2aad. Waxaa jiray laba ka mid ah formation of ururka, kuwaas oo ka mid ah ciidammadooda oo dhowr ah.

Aasaasidda ugu horeysay

February 17 waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay sameeyaan Front 2aad Belorussian in Taliska Sare. fulinta amar ka dhacay 24-kii February. hore ee cusub ayaa soo galay ciidanka (47 th, 61 th, 70 th), kaasoo ka hawl Polesie ah - Gobolka ku taala xuduudka u dhexeeya Belarus iyo Ukraine. Halkan, Jarmalka hayo faa'iido istiraatiiji ah, inkastoo ay guul darro weyn oo xagga bari. askari Wehrmacht qabtay magaalooyin muhiim ah in dib aan sidaas u fudud. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in hindisaha istaraatiijiga ah ee dagaalka si qeexan u dhaqaaqay Midowga Soofiyeeti, Stalin dalbaday xawaaraha ugu badan ee weerarka, in ay ugu horeysay ee Germany in ay qabsadaan Berlin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka hor inta aanad cagta dhigay ciidda Jarmal, ciidamada Soviet lahaa inuu Belarus ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale Poland.

2nd Belorussian Front hogaaminayo Colonel-General Pavel Kurochkin. Chief of Staff noqday Lt. Gen. Vladimir Kolpakchi. Dadkani waxay keentay Polesskaya hawlgal weerar, kaas oo socday muddo ka March 15 ilaa April 5, 1944. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee ciidammadii Soviet in arrintan waxay ahayd magaaladii Kovel. Sidoo kale in isku midka ah horumarinta weerar jihada of River Pripyat ah.

Qaxaya ka Kovel

Waxaa jiray kala qaybsanaan kooxo Jarmal "Center" iyo "South". Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si ay u dhabar jab universal ayaa waxaa lagu dhuftay, iyo Ciidamada Soviet si kooban u suurtagashay in ay xannibi Kovel, taas oo si kastaba ha ahaatee ma quusan. Intaa waxaa dheer, Wehrmacht kor u jiido kaydka la jiray Jarmalka xaggiisa dambe. 2nd Belorussian Front hakad. Si dhakhso ah u noqday la'aanta dareemi awoodda, kaas oo amarka Soviet waxba ay ku buuxin lahaa. Sababta jiifay in xaqiiqda ah in heerka ay sii wadaan in ay ku adkeyso on weerar degdeg ah, iyadoo aan loo eegin gobolka khayraadka aadanaha. Markaasaa askartii waxay ku jiray oo hore, isagii waxba uma tago muddo bilo ah, oo horay u maray Maarso ka mid ah boqollaal kiilomitir.

Sababtoo ah sababaha oo dhan, kuwaas oo hore ku guuldareysatay inay u qabtaan ay hawsha ugu weyn ee - si bilaash ah Kovel. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aasaas wanaagsan mustaqbalka la sameeyo. Jarmalka kontrnastupat ayaa sidoo kale waxba, si ay in muddo ah dagaalka ka noqday booska. April 5 ayaa la kala diray Front Belorussian 2aad. Taliyaha Pavel Kurochkin helay bartilmaameed cusub.

hawlgalka Belorussian

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhowr asbuuc ka dib, on April 24, 2nd Belorussian Front ayaa waxaa mar kale sameeyay. Uu formation labaad socday ilaa iyo dhamaadka dagaalka, oo waxaa lagu kala diro bisha June 1945. Sannad ka hor inta hawsha la hor dhigay ugu danbeyn xoreeyaan Belarus.

In May, hore ee ciidanka horseeday dagaalo mawqifyada, oo sugaya amar weerar cusub. Waxay bilaabeen on June 23, marka si ay u hore u socdaan iyo siiyey kooxaha kale. Waxa uu ahaa weerar la qorsheeyay oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet, kuwaasi oo ay u habayn ka dib markii uu hakad ku guga oo diyaar u ahaayeen in ay mar kale ka hor tag ku raad Socda askar Jarmal.

In qaliinka Byelorussian waxaa ka soo qeyb Front ma aha oo kaliya 2aad Belorussian, laakiin sidoo kale 1aad Baltic (Taliyaha - Ivan Bagramyan), 3-dii Belorussian (Taliyaha - Ivan Chernyakhovsky), 1-dii Belorussian (Konstantin Rokossovsky). Bilowga hawlgalada ciidamada Soviet ahaa in ka badan lix milyan oo qof, kumanaan ka mid ah taangiyada iyo madaafiicda gogo '.

Mogilev Offensive

Habeeynimadii of cusub Guud wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey 2aad Byelorussian Front. Taliyaha Ivan Petrov helay ciidammadoodu dhowr, oo ay ku jiraan 50 iyo 4-tii Air Force ee.

Dabayaaqadii June, urur istiraatiiji ah ka qaybqaatay hawlgalka Mogilev. Intii lagu guda jiray iyada jagooyinka cadowga kaliya toddobaadkii way wada jajabeen, gudbeen River Dnieper iyo Pronya. Waxa la sii daayay magaalooyinka muhiimka ah sida Mogilev, iyo Bykhov Shklov. Ciidamada Group "Center" ayaa helay farqiga badan, taas oo uu noqday ay dulduleelkooda. On jidka Front Byelorussian 2aad ahaa lugta Division 12aad ee Jarmalka, kaas oo gabi ahaanba la burburiyay. Sidoo kale intii uu socday weerar cirka ah ku dileen taliye ka tirsan caanka ah ee Saaka iyo taangi Austria Robert Martinek.

Isla mar ahaantaana, Colonel-General Georgiy Fedorovich Zaharov keentay 2aad Belorussian Front. Dagaal jidka formation this iyada oo qoyan cufan maray, taas oo ay adag ahayd si ay ula dagaalamaan kooxda Jarmalka oo caadiga ah ee Soviet.

Bialystok hawlgalka

Si dhakhso ah, hore ee ciidanka ka qayb qaatay hawlgalka Bialystok in qeyb ka mid ah howlgalka Belorussian ahaa. weerar cusub bilaabay on July 5 iyo dhamaaday on 27 July. In qayb xagaaga ee hore aan si dhow ula shaqeeyey ciidammadii reer dhallinyarada General Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky, kuwaas oo murugo leh ku dhintay East Prussia bilihii ugu dambeeyey ee dagaalka.

July 24, waxaa ugu dambeyntii sii daayay magaalada Belarus ee Grodono. Ka hor - xuduudda la leh Poland. Waxay ahayd boqollaal kiilomitir, taas oo reserved 2aad Belorussian Front badan. Halabuurka The ciidammada si joogto ah updated la Xarakada cusub oo ka gadaal ka yimid, bogsiiyo nabarrada ama qalin koorsooyinka tababarka la dedejiyey waayo askari. Belarus ayaa la tirtiray by Wehrmacht ah.

On July 27, ciidankii Soviet galay Bialystok. Waxay ahayd magaalada ugu weyn oo muhiim ah Polish, kaas oo la tagay by duulay Jarmal, oo halkan u yimid bilowgii dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, 1939. hawlgalka Bialystok ayaa soo afjaray iyo sii daayo Belostok C.

hawlgalka Prussian East

Bishii November, madaxa hore la sameeyey Marshal oo ka mid ah Midowga Soviet Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. In xagaaga dambe oo dhex dayrta, ciidamadii Soviet mar kale helay xoog si ay horumar degdeg ah a ah ee Poland. Waxaa intaa dheer, hore waxay ahayd East Prussia - Khaatumo Jarmal, taas oo maamul ahaan hore u lahaayeen in ay Reich Saddexaad. Waxaa waxay ahayd magaalo muhiim ah oo Koenigsberg, iyo sidoo kale "Wolf ayaa Godku" - Heerka ugu weyn ee Adolf Hitler, taas oo uu hogaaminayo weerarka on Midowga Soofiyeeti, halka xaaladda gobolka ma noqon arrin xun, waayo, Wehrmacht ah.

January 13 bilaabeen hawlgal Prussian Bariga, taas oo goob joog ka ahaa Front Belorussian 2aad. List of qaybgalayaasha dagaalka waa sidaas u weyn in ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn in ay hogaamiyaan. magacyada jilayaasha raagayaan waraaqaha arkiifiyo. Horraantii 1945, oo ku saabsan 1.6 milyan oo qof oo ka qeyb qaatay hawlgalka.

Haddii 3aad Belorussian Front dhaqaaqay dhinaca Konigsberg, 2aad u soo baxeen inay Marienburg (Malbork Poland casriga ah). Ay tallaabo wadajir ah waa inay keenaan Buuloburde ayaa ka mid ah oo dhan oo ka mid ah isutagga East Prussian of Wehrmacht ah. Inteeda badan waxa uu ahaa shaqaalaha mid ah "Center" (ee January baxshay ah "North") ee Group ciidamada.

Mlavsko-shaqayn Elbingskaya

January 26 Ciidamada Soviet tirsan Front Byelorussian 2aad, in bangiyada of yimid Webi Vistula ah. In ka badan labadii toddobaad ee la soo dhaafay, ciidamada Soviet guul u soo dhammaystay Mlavsko Elbingskuyu-shaqayn. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu qabtay Gornadahanaga noogana muhiim ah oo goobta joogay ee magaalada Bromberg. Ugu dambeyntii dhacay Marienburg, jidaynayey ciidamada kooxaynta weerar ah Pomerania. Degmada Lake Masurian ayaa la hareereeyey adkaaday 2aad Wehrmacht Army. Sidoo kale si xun u dhaawacay 4-tii Army.

East Pomeranian Offensive

Laga soo bilaabo February 10 ilaa April 4 sii East Pomeranian Offensive, oo waxaa ka soo qeyb Front Byelorussian 2aad. 1945 yaboohay in ay guul, laakiin waxaa jira weli waxaa jirtay gobolka waqooyiga Poland, iyo sidoo kale Berlin.

Intii lagu guda jiray tobankii maalmood ee ugu horreeya weerar ciidamada Soviet maareeyey si loo horumariyo kiiloomitir 40 oo keliya. Maaddaama ay khasaare culus iyo awood la'aanta in hawlgal ka hor dheeraad ah ayaa la ganaaxay muddo kooban. February 24 biiray si hore ee Army 19aad iyo 2aad Shoogga ciidamada. Ujeedadoodu waxay ahayd magaaladii Keslin (Koszalin casriga ah). Jarmalka ayaa madax iska caabiyay, iyagoo og inay dib u gurasho ka by waaweyn iyo waxaa jira meel kale.

Isla mar ahaantaana, 1aad Belorussian Front dhaqaaqay si ay uga caawiyaan kooxda Rokossovskogo. tallaabo isku dubaridan oo ay labada dhinac loo ogol yahay in ay jebiyaan difaaca ciidanka Jarmal. Waxaa la jaray kooxo dhowr ah oo yar yar, kuwaasoo mid walba uu yahay, ama dib u gurasho, ama kuwa kale. March 5, Ciidamada Soviet gaareen xeebaha ee badda bari. Dhamaadka bisha waa dekedda muhiim ah oo Danzig (Gdansk) ayaa lagu qabtay. hawlgalka Pomeranian East ahaa guul u soo dhammaystay. doorka A weyn ee guusha, ciyaaray Front labaad Byelorussian. Curiska waxaa la guddoonsiiyey bilado kala duwan iyo amar. Daraasiin qof ayaa abaal Hero horyaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee.

Berlin hawlgalka

Ka hor ahaa dagaal weyn, inkastoo natiijada dagaalka ay horey u ahaa cad in dhammaan dhinacyada. Su'aashu waxay ahayd oo kaliya kuwaas oo ah kuwa ugu horeeya si ay u hoos tagaan Berlin - Soviet Army ama Xulafada reer galbeedka ah. Doisprezece Vissarionovich Stalin doonayay in la siiyo Churchill iyo Roosevelt. From taliyayaal oo dhan, ayuu weyddiiyey wax tallaabo qiimaha weeraryahanka, iyadoo aan loo eegin tirada dhintay. allabaryo Human ayaa noqotay mid aad u badan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hore ayaa loo sii siqayaan. hawlgalka Berlin bilaabay on 16 April. First waxaa la xoojiyay oder, kaasoo ah soohdinta a dabiiciga ah ee u dhexeeya Poland iyo Germany. ciidanka Soviet dhaqaaqay heesaya ay 200 kiiloomitir, nadiifinta iska haray ciidamada Jarmal. On Victory Day, May 9, Army 19aad ka qeyb qaatay soo caga jasiiradda deenishka ee Bornholm. Guud ahaan, 2aad Belorussian Front qariyeen falalka unugyada kale, kuwaas oo si toos ah u soo galeen ee Berlin.

qiimaha

Ciidamada of Front 2aad Byelorussian sano ee jiritaankeeda inta lagu jiro, la xoreeyay Belarus oo dhan. Wayna la dirireen off Jarmalka ee waqooyiga Poland, caawimaad aad u weyn in dadka deegaanka in ay halganka ka dhanka ah Mujaahidiinta ah. Ugu dambeyntii, ciidanka, iridda horteeda, ka qayb qaatay ee Battle of Berlin. In xagaagii 1945 hore waxaa loo beddelaa Group Northern ee Ciidamada, waxay ahayd in Germany in Midowga Soofiyeeti.