Anatomy ee caloosha. Dhismaha iyo shaqada caloosha aadanaha

caloosha Human - kaydka weyn ee kaydinta jidhka ee cuntada. Haddii jidhka oo aysan haysanin awood sida, sida caloosha, waxaan cuni lahaa waqtiga oo dhan, ma ahan oo keliya dhawr jeer maalintii. Waxa kale oo ay muujineysaa isku dar ah ee acid, xab iyo ensaymes dheefshiidka oo kaa caawin dheefshiido iyo fayodhowr our cunto inta lagu guda jiro kaydinta.

anatomy guud

Waa maxay caloosha ee aadanuhu? Tani waxay soo koobay, xubnaha godan. Halkee caloosha ee aadanuhu? Waxay ku taalaa hoos diaphragm ee qaybta bidix ee caloosha.

Dhismaha meydadka aadanaha waa sida in caloosha waxa uu ku yaalaa inta u dhaxaysa ee hunguriga iyo malawadka.

Caloosha - qayb dheer mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka, taas oo uu leeyahay qaab bilaha ah. Its lakabka hoose waxaa ka buuxa qabsatay, ina ogeysiiyey sida qabsatay (ama laalaabka). Waa laalaabka, kuwaas oo u ogolaan in la soo taagay in ay ku haboon waxaa qaybo badan oo ka mid ah cuntada, taas oo markaas aamusnaan dhaqdhaqaaqa habka dheefshiidka.

In foomka iyo shaqada, caloosha aadanaha waxa loo qaybin karaa afar qaybood:

1. hunguriga The isku xira in caloosha meel yar oo lagu magacaabo cardia ah. Waa cidhiidhi ah, tube-sida qayb ka mid ah, kaas oo ag maraaba galay saabka ballaaran - jirka ah ee caloosha. Cardia ka kooban yahay endetarms- hoose esophageal, iyo sidoo kale kooxda ka mid ah unugyada muruqa oo qandraas in ay cuntada iyo acid sii caloosha.

2. Wadnaha soocay galaa jirka ah ee caloosha, kaas oo qayb ka dhexe iyo ugu sareeya.

3. Just kor gobolka domed ee jirka waxaa lagu gartaa sida ay ugu hooseysa.

4. Halkan jidhku waa pylorus. qayb Tani xira caloosha si malawadka iyo waxa ku jira endetarms- pyloric oo gacanta ku socodka cuntada (chyme) qayb ahaan ku milmaan ka caloosha iyo malawadka.

anatomy cqaadir ee caloosha

Falanqaynta cqaadir muujinaysaa qaab dhismeedka of caloosha, waxaa laga sameeyey oo dhowr lakab oo kala duwan oo unug: xabka, submucosa, iyo muruqa nabarrada.

xabka

Lakabka hoose ka kooban yahay oo gebi of gastric xabka waa unug fudud epithelial la hannaanka ka mid ah unugyada exocrine. daloolada yar yar waxaa loo yaqaan ku tuurno gastric ku jira unugyada exocrine badan in ay soo saaraan ensaymes dheefshiidka iyo aashito ee caloosha. unugyada axaleedka ku yaal oo dhan xabka iyo godad gastric, qarsan xab caloosha ka dheecaanka ay dheefshiidka gaar ah loo ilaaliyo. Maaddaama ay si qoto dheer ee ku tuurno xabka gastric adkaan kara, taas oo aan xabka xubnaha kale ee mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka.

si qoto dheer ee xabka waa lakab khafiif ah ee muruqyada siman - saxan muruqa. In u yeela laalaabkii iyo waxay kordhisaa xiriir la xabka ku jira caloosha.

Qiyaastii xabka leeyihiin lakabka kale - submucosa. Waxay ka kooban tahay unugyo, xididdada dhiigga iyo dareemayaasha. unugyada Connective taageero dhismeedka xuubka iyo xerto lakabka muruqa. qulqulka dhiigga Submucosal hubisaa siin ee nafaqooyinka in derbiyadii caloosha. unugyada neerfaha ee submucosa waxa ku jira caloosha kontaroolka iyo maamushaa muruqa macaan oo dheecaan ka mid ah walxaha dheefshiidka.

lakabka muruqa

lakabka muruqa submucosa caloosha ku wareegsan oo waa ka badan mass caloosha ah. saxan muruqa ah oo ka kooban 3 layers of siman unugyada muruqa. layers Kuwani muruqyada siman ogolaanaya caloosha heshiis, in ay isku daraan cuntada iyo in ay ka guuraan iyada oo marinka dheef shiidka.

serosa

Lakabka sare ee caloosha, hareereysan unugyada muruqa waxaa lagu magacaabaa serosa ah, taas oo laga sameeyey epithelium squamous fudud iyo unugyo dabacsan. lakabka nabarrada waxay leedahay siman, dusha simbiriirixo leh iyo releases dareere ah, qarsoodi ah biyood, oo loo yaqaan dheecaannada nabarrada. Siman, dusha qoyan of xuub nabarrada waxay ka caawisaa ilaaliso caloosha ka khilaaf ah inta lagu guda jiro ballaarinta joogto ah oo foosha.

anatomy ee caloosha haatan dadku qabo waa ka badan ama ka yar cad. in kor lagu sharaxay oo dhan, ka fiirso in yar ka dib in jaantus ah. Laakiin marka hore, waxaan u garan doonaa, waa maxay hawlaha caloosha aadanaha.

kaydinta

In afka aan calyanaqsiga iyo huurka cuntada adag ilaa waxa uu noqonayaa tiro dhqaalaha isagoo qaabka of kubada a yar. Markii aan liqi kubad kasta, waxa si tartiib ah u maraa hunguriga caloosha, kaas oo la wada kaydin lahaa intoodii kale qaybaha cuntada.

mugga caloosha aadanaha kala duwan, laakiin celcelis ahaan waa ay awoodaan in ay ku jiraan 1-2 litir oo cuntada dareeraha ah iyo in ka caawisaa dheefshiidka. Marka caloosha fidiyey badan oo cunto ah, waxaa lagu keydin karaa ilaa 3-4 litir. caloosha Distended samaynta dheefshiidka adag. Tan iyo saabka aan si fudud waa la dhimi karaa in ay isku daraan cuntada si fiican, waxay u horseeddaa dareen raaxo. mugga caloosha aadanaha ayaa sidoo kale waxay ku xiran tahay da'da iyo xaalada oo jidhka ah.

Ka dib markii saabka gastric ayaa cunto ka dhergo, waxaa la sii hayo ilaa 1-2 saacadood kale. Wakhtigan, caloosha sii habka dheefshiidka, taasoo bilaabay afka ah oo kuu ogolaanaya mindhicirrada, xammeetidu, xameetida iyo beerka bilaabay in ay diyaariyaan in ay ku dhameysan habka.

Dhamaadka endetarms- caloosha pyloric ah oo koontaroosha dhaq cuntada ee xiidmaha. Sida caadiga ah, waxa ay inta badan ay xirtey in ay sii cuntada iyo go'doon ah ee caloosha. Marka chyme diyaar u ah inuu ka tago caloosha, endetarms- pyloric furmay in ay oggolaadaan in qadar yar oo ah cunto nuxurrada u noqotay galay malawadka. 1-2 saacadood gudahood, habkan lagu celceliyo si tartiib tartiib ah ilaa, ilaa cuntada ku milmaan oo dhan ka baxo caloosha. Xawliga tartiib ah u sii daayo chyme caawiyo si ay u cawisa galay qaybaha iyo kordhiyo dheefshiidka iyo nuugista nafaqooyin mindhicirka.

dheecaan

caloosha ayaa soo saarta oo uu xusay in tiro ka mid ah walxaha muhiim ah in la xakameeyo dheefshiidka cuntada. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah ka dhigay exocrine ama hormoonada jidhka unugyada xabka.

Gastric sheyga ugu muhiimsan exocrine waa juice ka gastric - isku dar ah ee xab, Aashito iyo ensaymes dheefshiidka. juice caloosha waxaa ku qasmay cuntada caloosha si dheefshiidka gargaarka.

unugyada ee Takhasuska exocrine xuubka - unugyada axaleedka xab kaydiyaa laalaabka iyo godad gastric. xab waxa uu soo marayo dusha xuubka ah, si ay u daboosho xuubka caloosha qaro weyn, adkaysi u kala ooday acid iyo ensaymes. xab caloosha ayaa sidoo kale hodan ku udhigo bicarbonate oo uga takhalusi lahaayeen pH-factor ee gastric acid.

unugyada Parietal ee ku tuurno gastric, soo saara laba ah maaddooyinka oo muhiim ah: factor kala go'lahayn iyo Aashito. factor jaleelada waa glycoprotein in xidhana in vitamin B12 ee caloosha iyo waxay ka caawisaa in la nuugo xiidmaha yar. Vitamin B12 waa nafaqo lagama maarmaanka u ah formation of erythrocytes.

acid ee caloosha aadanaha jidhkeenna ilaaliyaa by dilay bakteeriyada pathogenic in ay joogaan in cuntada. Waxay kaloo ka caawisaa dheefshiido borotiinada, iyaga oo bedel ku soo galay qaab faahfaahsan oo ay tahay sahal in ay la tacaalaan ensaymes. Pepsin - protein enzyme dheefshiidi la shaqeysiin kaliya sarkhaansan Aashito ee caloosha.

Unugyada Aasaasiga ah ayaa sidoo kale laga helay ayaa godadkoodii gastric soo saaro laba enzyme dheefshiidka: pepsinogen iyo lipase gastric. Pepsinogen Britain ayaa ka hor waa mid aad u xoog badan dheefshiidi protein enzyme - pepsin. Tan iyo pepsin mid Halaaga unugyada ugu weyn in ay soo saaraan iyo isku, wuxuu qariyey qaab pepsinogen, taas oo aan ahayn halis. Marka pepsinogen waxaa la xiriiray la acidic pH-factor, kaas oo ku jira in gastric acid, badala qaab oo uu noqdo enzyme pepsin firfircoon in badasha borotiinada galay acids amino.

lipase gastric waa enzyme ah oo digests dufanka, ay ka saareen acid dufan ka taagoo triglyceride ah.

G-unugyada caloosha - unugyada hormoonada jidhka ku yaal salka ku Iyo godad aad gastric. G-unugyada soo saaro gastrin hormone dhiiga ee jawaab ku meersan badan, sida calaamadaha ka dareemayaasha vagus ah, joogitaanka acids amino in caloosha borotiinada ku milmaan ama iskala derbiga caloosha marka wax la cunayo. Gastrin safri dhiiga in unugyada kala duwan receptor agagaarka caloosha, iyo hawsha ugu weyn ee - in ay kicin muruqyada borastaytka iyo caloosha. Saamaynta gastrin kansarka keenaysaa in la kordhiyo dheecaan acid gastric, oo hagaajinaysaa dheefshiidka. Carbinta Gastrin muruqyada siman kordhinaya foosha xoog of caloosha iyo furitaanka endetarms- pyloric inuu u dhaqaaqo Cuntada malawadka. Gastrin sidoo kale ku dhiiri galin kartaa unugyada xameetida iyo xammeeti kaadi haysta, halkaas oo u kordhiyaa dheecaan ah ee casiir iyo bile.

Sida aad arki karto, ku ensaymes caloosha aadanaha qabtaan shaqo aad u muhiim ah in dheefshiidka.

dheefshiidka

Dheefshiidka caloosha loo qaybin karaa laba fasalada: dheefshiidka farsamo iyo kiimikada. dheefshiidka farsamo - ma si fudud u kala jirka ah ee mass cuntada googooyaa yar yar, iyo kiimikada - diinta ee u taagoo weyn galay taagoo yar.

• dheefshiidka Farsamada waxaa sabab u ah tallaabo qodan derbiga caloosha ah. Its muruqyada siman heshiiska, sidaas qaybood oo cunto ah lagu qaso casiir gastric, taas oo keenta in formation of dareere qaro - chyme.

• Iyada oo cuntada waa jidh ahaan isku qasan oo leh juice ka gastric, falgalka joogo dhexdeeda, kiimikaad dhegi taagoo weyn subunits yar oo dhanba. lipase gastric jabo triglycerides dufanka galay acids dufanka leh iyo diglycerides. Pepsin jebiyo borotiinada galay acids amino yar. daatay Chemical, bilaabay in caloosha, kuma dhammaanayo ilaa inta uusan chyme ku dhici ma galay xiidmaha.

Laakiin shaqada caloosha ah nin aan ku xaddidnayn dheefshiidka.

hormoonnada

Activity ee caloosha waa ay gacanta ugu jiraan tiro ka mid ah hormoonada haga saarka ee caloosha acid iyo sii daayo oo cunto galay malawadka.

• Gastrin laga sameeyey oo G-unugyada caloosha, kordhisaa dhaqdhaqaaqa by madadaalo u kordhay tirada juice gastric soo saaray, muruqa iyo faaruqinta caloosha iyada oo futada uusan pyloric.

• Cholecystokinin (CCK) waxaa la sameeyaa xabka dyspepsia. Waa hormoon in caanuhu soo saaris ah ee caloosha by yaraynta endetarms- pyloric. CCK la sii daayay jawaab u hadhuudh ah oo hodan ku ah protein iyo baruurtii, waxaa aad u adag tahay in la dheefshiido by jidhka. FCS ogolaanaya cuntada ee caloosha dheer lagu kaydin ee dheefshiidka a dhammeeystiran oo siinayaa markii xammeetidu iyo xammeeti kaadi haysta si ay u sii daayaan bile iyo ensaymes in la hagaajiyo dheefshiidka ee malawadka.

• Secretin - hormone kale soo saaray xabka dyspepsia, waxa ay jawaab u ashitada ee chyme soo socda ka calool galay xiidmaha. dhiig Secretin maraa caloosha, halkaas oo ay caanuhu soo saarka ee juice gastric qanjidhada exocrine xabka. Secretin wuxuu kobciyaa soo saarka ee juice ganaca iyo bile, kuwaas oo ka kooban laabjeexa udhigo bicarbonate. Ujeedada secretin waa ilaalinta xiidmaha ka waxyeellada daran ee chyme acid.

Calool aadanaha, dhismaha

Si rasmi ah, waxaan hore u yaqaanaan ee anatomy iyo shaqada caloosha aadanaha. Ha ka fikiro si aynu qaab sawir, caloosha meesha qofka iyo waxa uu yahay.

Jaantuska 1:

sawir Tani waxay muujinaysa kuwo caloosha ah aadanaha, kaas oo qaab-dhismeedka la oran karo waa in faahfaahin dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay:

1 - hunguriga, 2 - endetarms- esophageal hoose; 3 - cardia; caloosha jirka 4-; 5 - hoose ee caloosha, 6 - serosa; 7 - lakabka ah gaadhya; 8 - lakabka wareeg ah; 9 - lakabka uugu; 10 - dhaf-weyn; 11 - laalaabka xuubdheecaanka; 12 - saabka of pylorus ah; 13 - pylorus channel, 14 - endetarms- pyloric ee caloosha; 15 - malawadka; 16 - tii albaabka ilaalinaysay, 17 - dhaf-yar.

Jaantuska 2:

In image this anatomy ee caloosha waa si cad u arki karo. Tirokoobyada calaamadeeyay:

1 - hunguriga, 2 - fundus ah gastric; 3 - jirka ah ee caloosha; 4 - dhaf ballaadhan yahay; 5 - saabka; 6 - iridjoogayaasheedii; 7 - malawadka; 8 - dhaf-yar; 9 - cardia; 10 - Isgoyska gastroesophageal.

Jaantuska 3:

Waxa ay muujinaysaa in anatomy ee caloosha iyo meesha uu qanjidhada uu lymph. Tirokoobyada u dhigmaan:

1 - group sare ee qanjidhada; 2 - group ganaca ee qanjidhada; 3 - group pyloric; 4 - hoose qanjidhada pyloric group.

Jaantuska 4:

In image this aad ka arki kartaa qaabka derbiga caloosha. Waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay:

1 - serosa; 2 - a daaha muruqa gaadhya; 3 - lakabka muruqa wareeg ah; 4 - xabka, 5 - a daaha muruqa gaadhya xabka, 6 - lakabka muruqa wareeg xabka, 7 - epithelium xuubka u jilacsan, 8 - xididdada dhiigga, 9 - caloosha bir ah.

Jaantuska 5:

Dabcan, qaab-dhismeedka jirkooda aadanaha on tirada ugu dambeeya aan la arki karo, laakiin meesha saxda ah ee caloosha ee jirka la oran karo.

image Tani waa arrin xiiso leh. Halkan ma muujiyay anatomy ee caloosha aadanaha ama wax u eg in, inkasta oo qaybo ka mid ah waxaa ka mid ah weli la oran karo. tiradaasi Tani waxay muujinaysaa in laab ah, iyo in markay dhacaan.

1 - hunguriga, 2 - endetarms- esophageal hoose; 3 - yareeyo caloosha; 4 - gastric acid, wada jir ah ula jira waxaa kor u galay hunguriga, 5 - dareen gubasho ah laabta iyo cunaha.

In mabda'a, sawirka si cad u muujinaysaa waxa dhacaya marka laab iyo sharaxaad dheeraad ah looma baahna.

caloosha aadanaha, images of kaas oo la kor ku soo bandhigay, waa xubin aad muhiim u ah in jidhkeenna. La'aanteed, waxaad ku noolaan karaan, laakiin nolosha this lagama yaabo inuu bedeli dheregtaan. Nasiib wanaag, in aannu mar, in aad ka fogaato karaa dhibaatooyin badan oo ay si fudud u xilliyo booqanaya dheefshiidka. Baaritaan waqtiyeysan cudurka kaa caawin doontaa in si deg deg ah laga takhaluso waxaa ka mid ah. Muhiimsan, ma adkayn safarka dhakhtarka, iyo haddii ay jiraan wax ay i dhaawaceysaa, waa inaad isla markiiba gudbin dhibaatadan khabiirka ah.