Taariikhda Kazan Khanate

Aasaasidda Khanate Kazan bilaabay in 1438 marka uu ugu danbeyn ka qarxay Zolotaya Orda. Waxa uu noqday caasimadda ah ee Kazan, iyo taliyihii hore - Ulug-Mohammed. Dhulka Khanate ka River Sura si fidiyey River Belaya iyo gobolka Kama ka sare si ay u laab Samara ah.

Kazan Khanate ka koobnaa afar weyn ee degmooyinka-darug: Alat, Arsk, Galitsky iyo Zyureyskogo. From darug qoondeeyey ulus, mid kasta oo taas oo ka koobnayd deegaanno dhowra. On dhulka Khanate ku noolaa Turkic-hadalka iyo dadyowga Finno-Ugric. Tirada dadka laftiisa loo yaqaan Kazanly. Diintooda ahaa Islam.

The guryaha ugu ixtiraamo dhaqan ahaan loo arkaa sharaf iyo wadaadada. Dadka ugu muhiimsan ee iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo qayb ka mid ah amar hal - Divon. By fasalka military loola dhaqmo Oglala iyo Cossacks. Ogle waa taliyaha ciidamada iyo lugtaada lana Cossacks - askari oo caadi ah.

Waayo, guryaha unprivileged iska baayacmushtariyaasha, yaroow, farsamo oo ka shaqeeya rayid ah. Waxay ahaayeen baahan yahay in ay bixiyaan qaarkood canshuurta: gabbaro (10% dakhligii), qabiilka (Abaal Marintooda Sugan), kulush, Salyga, Bach, kultyka ,, sako baruurta (canshuurta miyiga) sako haradzhat (canshuurta ganacsiga), susun (canshuurta cuntada), gulyufe tyutynsyany (canshuurta tube kasta) (calafka), sug.

On dalalkan ee Khanate Kazan magoolay serfdom iyo gurigii addoonsiga. Serfs (Qiishii) shaqeeyay dadka dhulka ku. shaqo la mid ah lagu qaaday iyo addoomada-maxaabiista. Ka dib markii 6 sano addoon helay xorriyad, laakiin weli Xaq u lahayn in ay ka baxaan dalka.

jagada madaxa gobolka la odhan jiray "han-Chingizid". lataliyayaashiisii, ammiirrada, oo waa ciidamada amarka. Inta badan Khan Chingizid rasmi ah oo keliya garoomada dalka, laakiin dhab ahaantii waxa uu ahaa mid gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan fadhiga. Jagooyinka in Divon maray oo waa uu nool yahay. In xaalado aan caadi ahayn isugu Kurultai, oo goob joog ka ahaa oo keliya saddex qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee dadweynaha: ciidanka, wadaadada iyo beeralayda.

Dadka deggan Khanate Kazakh ah, galley, oo shaciir ah, higgaadiyo iyo miro. Sida ugaarsiga loo sameeyay kaydsiga, kalluumaysiga, kaydsiga, warshadaynta hargaha.

Of muhiimadda siman ahayd ganacsiga. Dibadda ka horumaray badan gudaha, tusaale ahaan, Khanate Kazan ku lahaa xiriirka ganacsi la Russia, Faaris iyo Turkestan. meel gaar ah A dhaqaalaha gobolka ee ka ganacsiga addoonta. Addoomo badanaa noqday maxaabiis tiro badan.

In Khanate Kazan ee povsmestno heysatay by Islam. Sheekh hogaaminayo Seid, kuwaas oo ahaa farcankii tooska ah ee nabi Muxamad. Sidoo kale xisbiyada HK yihiin sheekhyada, imaamyada, wadaaddo, Danishmend, dervishes, iyo Haji Hafiz. Kale oo aan ahayn diinta Islaamka ee Khanate la qaybiyey Sufism ka Turkestan yimid.

Ugu weyn iyo kan ugu badan oo nooca ciidamada of Khanate Kazan ahaa fardooley ah oo tiro badan. Lugta iyo madaafiic sidoo kale joogay, laakiin waxay ahaayeen dhawr iyo xad aan qiimo lahayn la fardooley ah marka la barbar dhigo.

Tan iyo markii dagaalka weerar oo ka mid ah ciidanka Kazan Khanate ma ahayn weyn oo ku filan, xeeladaha Kazan ahaayeen dagaalka ka dhanka daafaca, xilliyo ifbaxay aagga, ay leedahay amiirradii Ruush.

In 1467 Ciidamada Ruush abaabulay olole ka dhan ah Khanate of Kazan iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in ay ku riday on carshigii nin daacad u ah madax Moscow. Markaas ee 80s ee qarnigii 15-Dowladda Ruushka ayaa si joogto ah u soo dhexgalay halganka carshiga Khanate ah. Natiijada hor imaad oo intaasu waxay ahayd qabashada ah Khanate of Kazan ee 1487 ciidamada Moscow iyo soo gelitaankii carshiga Kazan Moscow addeeci Khan Mohammed Emin. In 1552, ciidanka Ivan IV ee weerareen Kazan, taas oo keentay in badhkood of Khanate Kazan si kibir Moscow ee. Dhacdadaas ka dib Khanate Kazan sida dal madaxbanaan dayn inay ka jiraan.