Yaa helay arrin ku vulcanization caag, oo waa maxay?

Yaa helay arrin ku vulcanization caag, qof kasta oo aan og yahay. Inkastoo magaca qofka this si joogto ah u soo sheegnay in xayeysiis. Magiciisuna wuxuu ahaa Charles Nelson Goodyear, oo magiciisiina wuxuu maanta, "waa" Taayirada brand caan ah. Aan ku lug, "caag Indian" (caag) waxaa laga yaabaa in marnaba ka faa'iiday isticmaalka baahsan, t. Si aad. Waxa ay ahayd oo kaliya Sheekadaas ka ah, mar ka America keenay. Sanado badan, Charles sameeyay tijaabo badan leh qaybaha caag qodan kala duwan (ka dhuuqi jiray in ay sun xabagta zinc), halka 1839 sano aan la furay by kooban oo ah walaxda la baaruud.

Waa maxay habka caag vulcanization ah? Marka laga eego dhnaca ee chemistry - a taagoo xarunta caag dabacsan ee nooca Roobka da'ayeen saddex geesood ah, iyadoo bonds kiimikada transverse waa naadir. hantida dambe ogolaanaya Taayirada inay ku sii isku aadka dabacsan, sida ay jiraan caag dabiiciga ah, kaas oo waxaa la sameeyey.

In vulcanization caag xirneeyn ayaa laga heli karaa heerkulka sare ama shucaaca, iyo sidoo kale marka la dalbanayo wakiilka gaarka ah kiimikada. Sida caadiga ah, qalliinka la adeegsanayo goobaha gaarka ah sida kululeeyaha, mashiinada wax taaj oo kale duro, macsarada, autoclaves, ahaysiiya-vulcanizers iyo coolants (ka uumi kulul kulaylinta korontada).

Heerkulka Daaweynta of caag cayriin noqon karaan kuwo kala duwan ku xiran diinta ee alaabta final. kala duwan A classic waa ka 130 200 degrees Celsius, inkastoo blaastiigga caag iyo adhesives mararka qaar daawayn heerkulka qolka (at 20 digrii, "ayuu vulcanization qabow"). wakiilada walxaha waa kuwo kala duwan ee habka la siiyo. Inta badan qaadeen vulcanization sulfuric, kaas oo u ogolaanaya in ay helaan masaxado Diene loo isticmaalo in wax soo saarka taayirrada iyo kabaha caag. Intaa waxaa dheer, door muhiim ah waxaa ciyaaray by loogu yeero "Waxuun" (nooca dambe ee geedi socodka), waxa ay inta badan waa sulfonamides iyo bedelay TIZOL.

vulcanization Hot of caag laga yaabaa in loo sameeyay in wakhti aad u yar haddii Waxuun ah ay ku lug leeyihiin nidaamka kiimikada ah: dithiocarbamates, ama xanthates. Xaaladdan oo kale hawlgalka qaadataa meel si degdeg ah heerkul ah oo ku saabsan 110-125 degrees. Waayo, Asagoo arigtadaa ka adhesives iyo latex qaarkood daryaa heerkulka hooseeya (20 ilaa 100 digrii) waxaa loo isticmaali karaa marka la isticmaalayo dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium.

Waxaa loo adeegsaday in vulcanization ee caag walxaha kaabayaal (oligoester acrylates, peroxides, cusbi phenol, iwm) U ogolow si aad u hesho waxyaabaha la iska caabin kuleyl aad u sareeya, mabda'a, hagaagtay guryaha dielectric. Waxa kale oo aan door la soo dhaafay in formation of wax soo saarka (ka calaacalaha kabaha si dahabka), antioksidanter (caag nolosha dheerayn play) iyo plasticizers, jidaynayey si loo yareeyo ku nafwaayay ah oo ah walaxda in daaweynta iyo heerka of "tirtiro".