Tiri Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev: Biography

Tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya aristocracy Ruush ahaayeen lasiman, ka qayb qaatay horumarinta farshaxanka qaranka. Shaqada ay ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in ay kor u furo in talanti dad badan ayaa, qayb ka kici ee heerka cusub ee nolosha ruuxiga ah ee dalka. oo iyaga ku dhex jiray Tiri Nikolai Sheremetev, kuwaas oo Biography ahaa aasaas u ah qoraal this article.

kii dhaxalka lahaa Croesus

Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev ku dhashay July 9, 1751. Masiirka Xukumay in uu ahaa kii dhaxalka lahaa in mid ka mid ah qoysaska ugu qanisan uguna caan laandheere ee Russia. Aabbihiis - Peter Ivanov, madaxa Sheremetev ah - noqday milkiilaha mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu weyn ee dalka, roon tahay u guursanayeen oo gabadhii statesman caan ah, madax sare of Russia - Prince A. M. Cherkasskogo.

In uu waqti uu si ballaaran loo yaqaan deeqbixiye iyo gargaaraha farshaxanka. Daaraha Petru Borisovichu leedahay ee St. Petersburg iyo Moscow xajiyey ururinta ugu qiimaha badan ah farshaxankiisa, galaas iyo waxyaalaha laysku qurxiyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay bandhigidda tiyaatarka guriga ugu muhiimsan oo aan ka waaban in ay booqdaan xubnaha mararka qaar xitaa Golaha difaacaneysa.

Koritaanka ee qoyska ka mid ah halkaas oo fanka lagu arkay mid ka mid ah daliilka ugu badan ee cibaadaysi, wiilkiisii Nicholas ka da 'hore iyo jeclaaday goobta at da'da 14 sano horeba uu u saftay, ayuu ku gabyeen doorka ilaah xuubka bikrada. kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga Tsarevich Pavel - Si wadajir ah isaga in aabbihiis soosaarid masraxa la qayb iyo saaxiibkiis qaaday.

safar dibada Tirada dhallinyarada

In 1769, Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev u guuray Europe, halkaas oo, sida wakiil ah qoyska Ruush hodanka iyo sharaf leh, ayaa lagu soo bandhigay barxadaha France, Prussia iyo England. Waxa uu dhamaystay safar ee Netherlands, halkaas oo uu ku qoran mid ka mid ah hay'adaha waxbarashada ugu qiimaha badan ee wakhtigaas - Jaamacadda Leiden.

Laakiin a nidaamo tacliinta hal ma sooco oo uu waqti count dhallinyarada. Qoqobada ee wareegyada ugu sareeya ee bulshada Yurub, uu si shakhsi ah ayaa la ogyahay dad badan oo horumar ah oo xiliyo hore, iyaga ka mid ah laxamiistaha ugu caansan Handel iyo Mozart. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka faa'iidaysanaya fursaddan, Nikolai si fiican bartay masraxa iyo ballet, iyo sidoo kale hagaagay biyaano, halaabaan iyo violin - alaabtii, haysashada kaas oo lagu tababaray laga soo bilaabo yaraantooda.

Departure in Moscow

Marka uu ku soo laabtay Russia Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev waxaa loo magacaabay agaasimaha bangiga Moscow iyo lahaa in la beddelo hore ee Saint-Petersburg on Moscow xasilloon oo raggu. Waxaa la og yahay in Catherine Empress ah II, ka cabsada suurtogalnimada uu inqilaab ku andacoonaya ayaa laga saaray caasimadda ah asxaabta oo dhan iyo kuwa ay suurtagal tahay wiilkiisa, Tsesarevicha Pavla. Sida kii dhaxalka lahaa in Sheremeteva saaxiibtinimo carshiga dheer-taagan, sidoo kale wuxuu ku dhuftay tirada dadka la rabin in maxkamadda.

Caught in this "Hijrooday ee sharafta leh", Nikolai Petrovich ma tixgelin naftooda u diiday, aayahooda, iyo ka faa'iidaysanaya fursaddan, waxaan bilaabay inuu wax dhiso dhisme cusub oo ah te'atradii ku ah guryaha qoyska hareeraheeda Kuskovo. Tan iyo markaas, Sheremetev tiyaatarka Serf ahaa ayaa bilaabay inay siiyaan bandhigga on laba marxaladood - in dheeraad hore ka taagay in ay guriga ugu Nikolskaya Street iyo dhismaha cusub ee la dhisayo in Kuskovo (photo soo dhaafay halkan hoose).

Tiri tiyaatarka Serf Sheremetev

Sida laga soo xigtay saffarro, oo leh heerar qaab Hobollada Sheremetev la tartami kari wayeen qaab lahayn masraxa Serf Ruush gelin sannadahaas. Iyadoo aqoonta, heleen dibadda, Nikolai Petrovich ahaa awoodaan in ay bixiyaan fikradaha decoration ugu sareeya, iyo in la abuuro orchestra a professional. fiiro gaar ah la siin jiray sidiisa of Hobollada Qaranka ee, qorteen ka serfs lahaayeen isaga.

Ka dib markii entertainers oo ka mid ah ugu hibada ah qastaan, Earl tudhay wax dadaal iyo lacag si ay u tababaraan dramatics ay. Sida macallimiinta ayaa saaro jilayaasha xirfadeed Imperial Petrovsky Tiyaatarka. Intaa waxaa dheer, jilayaasha cusub ee qabtay Tiri Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev diray inaad wax ka barato oo ay kharashka u gaar ah, ma aha oo kaliya in Moscow laakiin sidoo kale St. Petersburg, meesha ay joogaan, marka lagu daro nidaamo ugu weyn ee ku lug leh afafka qalaad, suugaanta iyo gabayada.

Sidaas darteed, qaab Kuskovsky Tiyaatarka, kaas oo la furay 1787, si ay u guurto oo dhan laandheere Moscow iyo guests caasimadda, oo ay ku jiraan xubno ka mid ah qoyska difaacaneysa. ay caanka ah ee shirkaddu ahaa sidaas u weyn in milkiilayaasha tiyaataro kale oo gaar ah duqa magaalada Moscow ka cawday xaqiiqda ah in aawadood oo ay garaaf xiiso leh - dadka hore u fabulously hodan - iyaga ka niyad iyo diidaa daawadayaasha dakhliga. Dhanka kale Nikolai Petrovich oo ah adeegidda laga Melpomene weligii xiiso leh. Haddaba tiyaatarka waxa uu noqday ganacsi weyn ee uu noloshiisa.

Dhaxalka naqshadda ee tirinta codadka

hamiday kale oo Tirinta Sheremetev ahaa naqshadaha. Iyada oo lacag ku filan, waayo labaatan sano, ayuu xarumaha badan dhisay, waa la ogyahay sida masterpieces dhabta ah ee naqshadaha Ruush. Ka mid ah iyaga kaxeynayo masrixiyada madaxtooyada ee Ostankino iyo Kuskovo, guryaha Gatchina iyo Pavlovsk, Hospice ee Moscow (photo kor ku xusan), Isha House ee St. Petersburg iyo tiro ka mid ah goobaha kale, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr kaniisado Orthodox.

Period Nicmada boqornimada

markeeda A fiiqan ee garaafka nolosha yimid 1796, marka ka dib dhimashadii Catherine II qaaday carshiga wiilkeeda Paul. Dareen in Sheremetev, sida saaxiib la ah uu carruurnimada, jacayl aan labaweji lahayn, waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah uu qaynuunnadayda ugu horeysay isaga siiyey darajo ah Chief Marshal Maxkamadda oo soo galay, oo sidaas daraaddeed mid ka mid ah saraakiisha dowladda ugu saameynta badan.

Hadda waxa laga bilaabo si, darajo, mudnaanta, hadiyadaha iyo kale nimcada xaafadaha boqornimada ku dul dhacay isagii mid ka dib markii kale ee. Tan iyo 1799, wuxuu - Agaasimaha oo ka mid ah Tiyaatar Imperial, iyo xitaa qaar ka mid ah ka dib markii - Head of the Corps of Pages. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in sannadaha arrin kale oo aan isku dayay si aad u hesho Sheremetev Emperor ah, oo kaliya ku saabsan tagaan story dheeraad ah.

Jacaylka Atariishada Serf ah

Xaqiiqada ah in ay 45 sano Tirada Sheremetev Nikolay Petrovich aan la guursaday. Iyada oo xaaladda wayn isaga ka dhigaa doonee boqor isaga qudhiisa, iyo muuqaalka fiican, count ahaa bachelor ugu qalanta ee Russia, oo ku saabsan guurka oo aroosyada badan ku riyoon ee ceegaagta dabaqa sare ee bulshada.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qalbiga Tirada si adag qabsadeen qalcaddii uu Atariishada tiyaatarka Praskovya Zhemchugov. Waxay leedahay quruxda dabiiciga ah la yaab leh iyo cod cajiib ah, ayay hase ahaatee ay weli tahay in indhaha dadweynaha oo kaliya Serf gabadh - gabadhiisa tumaal tuulada.

Marka uu ilmo Earl ogaaday gabar cod-ka hadlay yar oo la siiyo iyada barbaarinta saxda ah, ka dhigay Atariishada fasalka-koowaad, kuwaas oo tayo hagar la'aan dhaweeyay dhagaystayaasha ugu hawl badan. Her magaca dhabta ah - Kovalev, Zhemchugovoy sida ay yeeleen qudhiisu Tiri, helidda sida magaciisa masraxa a more sonorous.

Carqalada guurka

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray dhaqan in aysan ogolaan in iyaga sharciyeeyo xiriirka. Laga soo bilaabo barta of view of aristocracy ee, waa mid ka mid wax - ku raaxaysan heeso Atariishada Serf, iyo mid kale oo arrin - si ay u ogalaan inay galaan iftiin sare, waxaa si habsami leh garashada. door muhiim ah lagu ciyaaray oo ay dibad-badan by qaraabada Tirada arkay dhaxal u tartamaya Praskovya. Waxa xiiso leh in la ogaado in xirfad in markii dadka ku simaha guud ahaan lahaa xaaladda hooseeyo si ay xataa mamnuuc ah in la aasay xabaalo ku.

Dabcan, duruufo sida, guurka aan suurto gal ahayd. Kaliya ka tago of this xaaladda yaabaa bixisaan ugu sareeya fasax, la duldhigay oo Sheremetev looga qabto si shakhsi ah u ashtakooday boqorka, ayaa rajeynaya in Paul waxaan doonista samaynaysaa waayo, waxaa isaga ah marka laga reebo in ay guud xukunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa xusuusta reer saaxiibtinimada carruurta ma aysan samayn wax KT carqaladeeyo amarka, degeen qarniyo.

Welcome, laakiin guur muddo kooban ah

Kaliya ka dib markii shirqoolkii dilka Paul waxaan Earl ahaa awoodaan si ay u hirgeliyaan uu qorshaha, dokumentiga been uu aroosadda, keeno Praskovja Zhemchugov soo macnaheedu noblewoman ah Polish Paraskeva Kovalevskaya. Alexander I, kuwaas oo ku guulaystay in ay carshigii aabbihiis, siiyey ogolaansho Sheremetev arooska, laakiin kiiskan, arooska ahaa qarsoodi ah oo lagu qabtay mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha yaryar ee Moscow November 8, 1801.

In 1803, Sheremetev ina qoyska, helay in baabtiiska quduuska ah magaca Dmitry. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aabbihiis farxadda ugu dhakhsaha badan u soo jeestay in ay murug iyo toban maalmood ka dib dhalashada ilmo ayaa ku dhintay naagtiisa Praskovya, weli ma ay u suurtagashay in ay soo kabsadaan ka dib dhalmada.

hospices Construction

Tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, waxaa jiray wax caadi ah in Russia Orthodox ka caadadii in markuu dhimanayay jecel yahay mid ka mid ah, inta lagu guda jiro jiifnay oo uu naftiisa la qaatay arrimaha samafalka. Voluntary deeqaha laga yaabaa kala duwan - wax walba ku xiran yihiin dhaqaale fursadaha. Sheremet waa in xusuustiisa Hospice xaaska dhintay dhisay Moscow qolka oo maanta waa Research Institute of Care Degdegga ah. Sklifosofskiy (photo № 4).

Work on dhismaha oo ka mid ah Muscovites dhismayaasha si fiican u yaqaan ayaa la sameeyay iyada oo ay hoggaaminayaan ee muhandas u fiican oo asal ahaan Talyaani - Dzhakomo Kvarengi, waa taageere aad u xiiseeya iyo talanti hiwaayadda, atariishada daahay. Abuuray si gaar ah dadka saboolka ah iyo kuwa danyarta ah, Hospice ayaa lagu xisaabiyaa on content ku dhex jira 50 bukaan oo qaba heleen daaweyn bukaan-jiif, iyo sidoo kale 100 "prizrevaemyh", taas oo ah, dadka saboolka ah kuwaas oo lahaa ma aha ee hab-nololeedka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa ku yaal hoy ah 25 gabdhaha agoonta ah.

Si loo xaqiijiyo in maalgelinta of machadkan, Earl riday bangiga oo uu account caasimada ku filan waqtiga, iyo ku qoray in dayactirka ah ee hospices dhowr tuulo oo la jinni oo deyr leh. Waxa intaa dheer in kharashka si toos ah lacagtaas, sida ay tahay doonista garaafka waa in ay caawiyaan dadka u baahan iyo qoysaskooda sanad walba qoondeeyo xaddi gaar ah iyo yarad ah aroosyada saboolka ah.

End of Life Tirada

Nikolai Petrovich dhintay January 1, 1809, lix sano oo keliya uu naagtiisa ka badbaaday. sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa uu ku boqornimo St. Petersburg, oo loo yaqaan House Isha ku qaatay (photos, dhameystiraya maqaalka). Nasashadiisa dambas xabaal Sheremetevsky of Alexander Nevsky Lavra, waxaa interred sanduuq alwaax fudud, sababtoo ah lacagtii loo qoondeeyay in aaska oo dhan, Earl ku amray inay masaakiinta in la qaybiyo.