Tareenada-xawaaraha sare. xawaaraha tareenada-xawaaraha sare

tareenka ayaa ku dhawaad muddo boqolaal sano. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan tareenka maray jidka weyn evolutionary ka soo hooyeen weyn, waday ayaa gacanta kor u durkiyo mashiinada superhighways ka shaqeeya on mabda'a ah ee levitation magnetic. Maanta Railway Express jira ee ku dhow kasta dalka. Aan aragno, waa maxay tareenka dhaqsaha badan ee Russia iyo dunida oo dhan. Halkan waxaa ku muujinayaa rating oo ay gaari karaan xawaare ka badan 300 km saacadiiba ah!

Belgium

In meel kow - xidhiidhada TGV Belgian taxanaha (tareen Grande Vitesse). tareenada waxaa diyaariyey horaantii 1987 oo lahaa si ay u tagaan ka Amsterdam in Paris, marayay Cologne iyo Brussels. tareenada Express ayaa lagu rido hawlgalka 1997.

Modern HSL 1 waddaa on line-xawaaraha sare ah, taas oo isku xirta caasimadda ah ee Belgium, tareenka Faransiis. Habka ka Paris si ay u Brussels (300 km) tareenka waddaa in kaliya 82 daqiiqo. Uu xawaaraha celcelis ahaan ku dhow inay 300 kilomitir saacaddii. Waana mid ka, habkan ma aha gaadiidka raqiis ah. tigidhada tareenka-xawaaraha sare kharash 88 euros (laba jeer ka jaban tahay safarka hawada). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, u dhaqmo ee soo jiidasho leh nidaamka dhimista.

Taiwan

Toban tareenada ugu dhaqsiyaha badan dunida oo ka furmay tareenka Taiwan ee THSR 700T. Long, firfircoon oo gaar ah. "Shinkansen" prototypes iyo tusaalooyin si loo abuuro waxay ahayd tareen Japan. xawaaraha hawlgalka ugu badnaan waa Taiwan Express 300 kilomitir saacaddii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 2005, gaadhay sumadda 315 kiiloomitir. Taas oo loo ogol yahay THSR 700T inay soo galaan tobanka ugu sareeya ugu dhaqsiyaha badan.

Tareenka laga bilaabo North South of Taipei, Kaohsiung. Laba iyo toban baabuurta raaxo halkii safar kor fuuli laga yaabaa in 989 rakaab ah. Tareenka ayaa caan ma aha oo kaliya in ay xawaaraha, laakiin sidoo kale ammaanka iyo sax.

Germany

booska sagaalaad ee darajayn ee ay dagan yihiin ku-xawaaraha sare Jarmal Tababar Intercity Express (ICE). xawaaraha sida model tareenka a Strasbourg Paris gaadho 320 kilomitir saacaddii. Maanta ICE express - kuwani waa tareenka Jarmal ah masaafo weyn ee dheer. Waxay sidoo kale ku yimaadaan soo socda Midowga Yurub, iyo Russia (tusaale ahaan, xawaaraha sare ee ay tababarto Moscow - St. Petersburg).

In Germany, waxaan bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan model-xawaaraha sare ee 1985, marka dalka waxaa loo kala qaybiyey laba qaybood. Oo biraha tareenka ugu horeysay u kacay sannadkii 1991, ka dib markii midowgii. Jeesjeesa ICE-V horumariyo hab imtixaanka, xawaaraha 407 kilomitir saacaddii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in hawlgalka, wuxuu ahaa ma sii daayay.

In 1984 shirkadda bilaabay horumarinta imtixaanka Transrapid of line tareenka u dhexeeya magaalooyinka dalka Laten iyo Derpy ka shaqeeya nidaam ah "Tariinkan" ah. On laan tareen this safaree xawaare ilaa 420 km. Laakiin sababta oo ah musiibada ka dhacay oo ay ku dhinteen 23 qof line ee September 2006, furitaanka oo ka mid ah "Tariinkan" waxaa la cayimin dib loo dhigay. Maanta, tareen tareenka aado oo kaliya sida tours meelaha iyo soo jiidashada.

England

On meel siddeedaad ee darajayn - tareenka UK-xawaaraha sare. wakiilada Top - a British Rail Class 373 oo Eurostar ah. Waxay xawaaraha u dhaxeysa 300 ilaa 335 kilomitir. taxane Kuwani korontada TGV (model Faransiiska) ayaa lagu rido hawlgalka 1994 oo ay maamulaan inta u dhaxaysa saddex dal: UK, France iyo Belgium. Jidkooda waa tunnel tareenka caan ka yar Channel Ingiriisi ah. Waana mid ka, tunnel - ka labaad ee ugu dheer dunida.

Haddii aad tagto heerka dib, ka dibna aad u baahan tahay in la yidhaahdo oo ku saabsan rikoorkii ay dhigtay tareenka Eurostar 2003 - 334,7 kilomitir saacaddii. jidka oo dhan ka Paris si ay u London ee tareenka this qaadataa 136 daqiiqo.

London tababar ugu capacious ee dunida. Waxay kor u fuuleen kartaa in 900 rakaab ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, tareen rakaab-xawaaraha sare ee Eurostar waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah tareen dheer - waxay gaadhaysaa 394 mitir oo dherer ah iyo 20 baabuurta ee tareenka.

South Korea

meel toddobaad ee tareenka darajayn Korean KTX Sancheon. Its xawaaraha - ka 305 si ay u 352 kiiloomitir. Lokomotiv bilaabay wadada ugu horeysay ee 2009. sameeysa The - Shirkadda caanka ah ee dunida a Hyundai Rotem, taas oo aasaas u ah abuurista tareenka soo kaxaystay technology TGV Faransiis.

Electric leh tareenka qaranka ee South Korea. Inkastoo rikoorkii ay dhigtay ee 2004 (352 km / h), xawaaraha express waxaa ku dhowaad marnaba ka badan sumadda 305 kiiloomitir. Waxaas oo dhan waa sababo ammaan, dabcan. KTX Sancheon - capacious (ilaa 363 rakaab ah), model raaxo leh oo casri ah ka waddaa on Seoul ah - Pusan iyo Yongsan - Mokpo (in Kwangju).

Italy

In kaalinta lixaad - express Talyaaniga ETR-500. Magaciisa oo buuxa - Elettro Treno Rapido 500. Tareenka ayaa la sii daayay in Rome 1993. The xawaaraha hawlgalka celcelis Express waa 300km / h. Laakiin Kitaabkiisa tareenka 362 kiiloomitir u dhiibay 2009, halka wadida tunnel ah isku xira Bologna inay Florence.

Waqtiga lagu jiro taas oo ku-ETR 500 guulaysta wadada aad (Bologna - Milano), waa in ka yar saacad. Waana mid ka, sannadkan la qorsheeyey in la sii daayo ee Italy lix jiilka cusub ee ETR-100 tareen. mashiinada Kuwani awoodaan in ay qaado xawaaraha u dhexeeya 350 iyo 400 km / h noqon doonaa.

Spain

Shan ka mid ah ugu dhakhsaha badan u furan tareenada-xawaaraha sare ee Spanish-macmalay by shirkad ganacsi oo Alta Velocidad Espanola, ama Ave soo gaabiyey. gaabiyay Tani ma aha shil. In Isbaanish, "Ave ah" waxaa loola jeedaa "shimbir." Habka ugu caansan ee shirkadda - waa raaxo Ave tareen express a Talgo-350. Waxaa runtii waa umado sida shimbir, wuxuu gaadhi karay xawaare ah 330 km / h.

Ave Talgo-350 - a tareen-xawaaraha sare iyo raaxo leh ilaa 318 oo qof. Waxa uu ku egyahay oo u dhexeeya Madrid, Valladolid iyo Barcelona. Sanadkii 2004, inta lagu guda jiro baaritaan iyo tijaabooyin, tareenka ayay u suuragashay in overclock ilaa xawaaraha ugu badan - 365 km / h. By jidka, waxa loo yaqaan "duck". tareenka waxaa la naaneeso sababta oo ah oo dhererkeedu wuxuu ka hor, sida muuqata si adag u ekaan dhuuban ee duck ee.

Shiinaha

Oo meelaha afraad, iyo kii saddexaad waxaa laga qaadaa by ee tareen-xawaaraha sare ee dalka Shiinaha.

On afraad - "Chinese» CRH380A saafi ah. Its saaraha - shirkadda ugu weyn dalka ee wax soo saarka ee baabuurta tareen - CSR Qingdao Sifang tareenka iyo Company Stock Rolling. Tareenka ilaa dadajiyaa in 380 kilomitir saacaddii. Oo imtixaanka wuxuu ka dhigay in uu record - 486 kiiloomitir. CRH380A - tareen-xawaaraha sare raaxo leh iyo bannaan Beijing - Shanghai, Shanghai - Hangzhou iyo Guangzhou - Wuhan. duulimaad ay maalin walba, wuxuu bilaabay inuu oofiyo la September 2010.

kaalinta saddexaad - for Shiinaha Shanghai Tariinkan tareenka. Waa inay awoodaan inay horumariyaan xawaare ah 431 si ay u 501 kilomitir saacaddii. Tareenka ayaa ka shaqeeya on mabda'a ah ganaax magnetic "Tariinkan", oo isma dhigay Jarmalka. Waana mid ka, Shanghai Tariinkan aan horumariyo Chinese, laakiin isku mid ah Jarmalka. Isaga oo noocooda ahaa SMT Transrapid tareenka Jarmalka. tareenka-xawaaraha sare ee Chinese ayaa la wakiishay 2004 magaalada Shanghai. xawaaraha ugu badan ee taas waxa ay maamushaa oo maalin kasta ay la socdaan in ay wadada Shanghai - Airport kama badna 431 km / h. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, karaankeeda oo dheeraad ah. At jirrabyadii tareenka kala firdhiyey in 501 kilomitir saacaddii!

France

Shirka labaad ee adduunka ee xawaaraha - waa taxanaha tareen Faransiis TGV. Waxay ku safraan on dariiqyada ka France in Switzerland iyo Germany. The lagu daydo xawaaraha celcelis ahaan - 320 km / h ah. diiwaanka ayaa la dhigay sanadkii 2007 iyo lacag in 574,8 km / h.

nidaamka Faransiis-xawaaraha sare ee tareenka iyo Grande tareenka ee Vitesse - mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan ee ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ee dunida. Waxay si joogta ah ku garaacday diiwaanka xawaaraha dunida. Horumarinta ee lagu daydo sida bilaabay in France ee 1960. Waxay ahayd jawaab abuurka ah ee uu Japanese "Sinkansenov". Maanta, France faanaa a khadadka weyn-xawaaraha sare (in ka badan 1,700 kilometers) iyo 4,000 oo tareen toddoba noocyada.

Land of Qorraxda oo soo Muuqata

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan u timid inaad tareenka dhaqsaha badan ee dunida. Markaasaa waxaa taas wada taxane Japanese "Shinkansen» (Shinkansen). xawaaraha tareenada-xawaaraha sare - 581 km / h. Waxaa jebiyo dhamaan diiwaanada adduunka taariikhda. Japan ayaa noqday dalkii ugu horeeyay ee ka mid ah nidaamka tareenka si ay u qoondayso line u gaar ah jidadka-xawaaraha sare. Qaybta koowaad ee pilot this dhigay duulimaadka ee 1964. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa inay ku beeganto Olympic Games ee Tokyo. Route: Tokyo - Osaka.

tareenka ugu horeeya ee, "Shinkansen" ayaa lagu sameeyey qaab rasaas, sidaa magaca ku haboon. Xataa maanta, tareenka Japan oo ay jidka ku beryihii hore ee loo yaqaan "rasaas". Waxaa sidoo kale waa calaamad u ah feature-xawaaraha sare ee ay. Fikraddaada runtii duuli la xawaaraha rasaas ah. xawaaraha caadiga ah "Shinkansen" - 443 km / h. Oo rikoorka dunida buuxda, kaas oo la aasaasay sanadkii 2003, gaadhay sumadda 581 km.

Modern "Shinkansen" --xawaaraha sare ah tareen express raaxo leh, taas oo uu leeyahay in ay ka kooban of lix iyo toban baabuurta xoog leh oo waarta. engine Japanese waa ugu dhaqsiyaha badan oo adduunka ah, laakiin sidoo kale ugu ammaanka badan ee ma aha oo kaliya. Shan iyo afartan sano ee hawlgalka ee tareenka ee brand this marnaba galay shil weyn! khasaare No, ma waxyeelo - dhamaystiran ammaanka.

Waana mid ka, network rail Tokyo yahay ee Macmacaanka ee dunida. Inta lagu guda jiro jiritaankeeda, tareenada "Shinkansen" qaadeen in ka badan lix bilyan oo rakaab ah! No line kale oo aan ku faani karo tirooyinka sida.

Ugu dhaqsaha badan, ugu ammaan ah, laakiin sidoo kale ugu sax ah oo adduunka ah. Sidaas darteed, meel fog ka soo Osaka inay Tokyo tareenka umado for 145 daqiiqo. Iyo sanadkii 2003, waxaana uu dhameystiray 160 ka mid ah duulimaadyada kuwan, "Shinkansen" ka iilata jadwalka lix oo kaliya seconds ...

Russia

Our dalka waa, dabcan, aan ku faani karo tirooyinka cajiib ah sida, oo 300 km / h tareen Ruush aan helo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan sidoo kale ku faani karo dariiqyada-xawaaraha sare.

Ka hor 2009, on wadada Moscow - St. Petersburg raacay ER200 tareenka. Its xawaare sida haatan tahay suurto gal ah in la fahmo ka magaca, waa 200 km / h. Iyo inta lagu jiro tareenka imtixaanka ay awoodaan in ay overclock ilaa 210 kilomitir. Sanadkii 2009, waa mucjiso of technology qoran off, oo isna lagu badalay tareen-xawaaraha sare "Sapsan". tareenka magaca waxaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii Galaydhka peregrine ah, kaas oo waxaa loo arkaa shimbir ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ee dunida. Tareenka ayaa waxaa loogu talagalay oo ku shireen Germany. peak way qaadi karaan xawaare ka mid ah 300 km / h. saaraha (Siemens) aasaasay xawaare design ugu badnaan 350 kilomitir saacaddii. Waqtiga baaritaanka waddaa ee tareenka tareenka our kala firdhiyey in ay 290 km / h. Tareen "Sapsan" guuro on wadada Moscow - St. Petersburg. Masaafada Tani waxa ay gaareysaa in ka badan afar saacadood, xawaaraha celcelis ahaan waa 166 km / h. Isaga mar dambe u kala firdhin ammaanka. By habka, express ka Moscow si Nizhny Novgorod, guud ahaan dhaqaaqdo xawaare ka mid ah 160 kilomitir saacaddii ...

In Russia, ayaa kaalinta labaad ka dib markii "Peregrine Falcon" waxay u taagan tahay tareen si degdeg ah "Liqidda". Waxa kale oo la horumariyo by shirkadda German Siemens. Waxaa si gaar ah u soo diray inuu Russia ee bilowga ah ee Olympics Winter ee Sochi. Waxay ka kooban tahay shan baabuur oo kor dhererka in 130 mitir ah. Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa in la qalo in laba hab (dheeriga ah ee shan baabuurta). "Liqaysaa" heerka ka hooseeya - ilaa 160 km / h. Waxaa loogu talagalay wadooyinka magaalada hareeraheeda ah oo ku qalabeysan yahay dhufto ee sare. Maanta, tareenada, kuwaas oo ay maamulaan ka Moscow, St. Petersburg iyo Krasnodar. Iyo sidoo kale tareenada iyo Sochi Tuapse.

In Russia, ka duwan dalalka kale, a khadadka-xawaaraha sare ee dadaalka badan oo kala duwan, ma sameeyo. Oo tareenka-xawaaraha sare "liqayaa", oo aan ka yarayn degdeg ah "Sapsan" socdaan ay horey u pre-jira, inkastoo casriyeeyey, siyaabo. Intaa waxaa dheer, inay soo bandhigto kuwaas muujiyaan, waxaan lahaa in ay ka saarto wadada gaabis ah qaar ka mid ah. Tani, markeeda, ayaa sababay badan oo carada ka mid ah dadka deegaanka. Iyo qiimaha tigidhada tareenka waa mid qaali ah, xataa heerka of Europe iyo Asia. Inta lagu guda jiro safarka tareenka ka Moscow si St. Petersburg waxaad bixinaysaa sida ugu badan ee la siin doono haddii ay jiraan tuuray diyaarad.