Style Empire ah naqshadda dhismaha ee qarnigii 19aad iyo casriga ah. Tusaalooyinka dhismayaasha, sawiro

In bilood ee hore ee qarnigii sagaal iyo si uu u bedelo classicism yimid jihada cusub ee farshaxanka iyo naqshadaha - Empire. naqshadaha waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan sifooyinka uu sifo - massiveness a taariikhi waxyaabaha madaxtooyada fiican. style Empire asalkiisu ka soo jeedo inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Napoleon. Iyadoo qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin taasi waa dhinaca farshaxanka iyo naqshadaha ee cidhiidhsan iyo xaddidan, waa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, isku hallaysay dhaxalkooda farshaxanka ee archaism Greek iyo Imperial Rome, barbaro baxay awood iyo weynaanta oo ka mid ah xubno ka pretentious laakiin qurux badan, halka ay ka horreeyay - classicism - waxaa diirada, inta badan in xubno ka jilicsan oo qani.

asalka ah ee qaab

style Empire naqshadaha - a xafiiltamaan triumphal, Balbaladii weyn leh tiirar, a military calaamadaha waaweyn - ubaxyo Laurel .. xabada, ayaa gorgorraduna, iwm All of walxahaasi ma saamayn dareenka, laakiin halkii, jinsiyadda dadka. Tani waa waxa lagu muujiyey in ay iid iyo weynaanteedana ee gudaha madaxtooyada, loogu talagalay by Fontaine oo Percier. Ka dib olole Napoleon ee Masar in style Empire ah naqshadaha bilaabay in la keeno derbiyada diyaarad qasaya iyo pylons, sphinxes stylized. Waayo, wakhtigan, muujinta ah dabeecad u yahay in dhaqan Masrigii weheliso Roman isku filan oo aan si fog ee eclecticism qaarkood. Historicism - feature kale oo kala style Empire ee naqshadda dhismaha, taas oo ku nuuxnuuxsaday, link la waynida oo ka mid ah boqorada qadiimiga ah.

fikirka style

orientation fikirka adag ku koobnayn horumarinta style oo sabab u ahaa in Mareykanka badan oo aan u aqbalo "siyaasad gumeysi" waxa uu noqday ciidan nimo by Napoleon inta lagu guda jiro conquests uu. Tusaale ahaan, in Germany iyo Austria ayaa soo saartay waqtiga jihada "Biedermeier", qayb ahaan la isticmaalayo yabban Empire, laakiin laftiisa soo horjeeda isaga. In England waxaa uu ahaa "style of George IV», mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan "British Imperial."

style Ruush Imperial

dalka keliya ee kaas style Empire ah naqshadaha, iyo ma ahan oo keliya waxa ku jira, waxaa la sameeyey, waxaa jiray Russia. Tan waxaa loo sharxay by xaqiiqada ah in waxay awooday in ay jebiyaan xoogga Napoleon, iyo si halkan uu helay qaababka ay kala gaar ah. Wuxuu ahaa jilicsan iyo si ka sii baxda. awoowe ee style Empire ah naqshadaha St. Petersburg waa Rossi - dhise Ruush-Talyaani, u suurtagashay in ay la simi uu jilcid iyo rigidity. Kale naqshada yaqaan in jihada this waa Stasov. Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, gaar qof oo kala duwan lahaa "Moscow Empire" in style ka mid ah guryaha miyiga, taas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan classicism caasimadda.

Dhameystirka xilliga Qadiimiga ah

Ilaha rajo u leh hal abuur injineero u noqday Art of Baydka Greece ee muddada shinka iyo Roman Empire xilliga soo daahay, marka la isku daro dhaqanka ee Etruria, qadiimiga Masar iyo ilbaxnimooyinka kale. fikradaha caaga ah naqshadda dhismaha qadiimiga ah dalka Masar, meelaha qasaya derbi weyn oo leh tiirar weyn iyo tiirar, bixinta la caddeeyo in mugga oo dhan saxnaanta joomateri, iwm - .. Tani waa boqortooyadiisa kala duwan. naqshadaha ee qarnigii 19aad uu noqday shakhsiyaynta of conciseness, monumentality iyo dheelitirka adag iyo dhabanada ka mid ah qaybo ka mid ah. waqtiga Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa eedeymaha ammaanta military iyo waynaanta Imperial, hirgeliyey iyada oo calaamadaha iyo calaamooyin badan.
In decoration ee gudaha iyo dibadda ee dhismayaasha, alaabta guriga, iyo sidoo kale laambadihii iyo maacuunta loo isticmaalo calaamadaha badan ammaanta military iyo Astaantooda laga soo amaahday habka madaxtooyada Roman qadiimiga ah ee foomka of koobab iyo guulaheenna, seedaha Dhawaaqay iyo xataa gorgorrada, siraaddo, oo marar badan ku cel-xarafka N .

Qurxinta noocan oo kale ah qalaad habaysan oo kaliya jawiga masrixiyada ee gudaha. Tusaalooyinka naqshadaha Empire, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, waa mid aad u dhalaalaya sifaha amaahda si toos ah noocyo iyo qaabab dunida Ujeedada of Qarniyadii hore. Tusaale ahaan, ku haboon loo dhisay oo lagu qurxiyey by dedan oo triumphal iyo tiirarka xusuus.

In meel of Hadba iyo khiyaano

Iyada oo agaa of art Empire waa weyn iyo aad u badan taariikhi. Xaaladdan oo kale, bedelo subtleties safeeyey in style ee Louis XVI yimaado macquulsan xad-dhaaf ah la isqurxin iyo xataa pathos. Dadaal ah bourgeoisie ah, guusha iyo ka tegid ah jihada "boqornimada", inay nolosha ku daydo, ama anshaxa of Romans qadiimiga waxaa jiray kuwo badan masrixiyada iyo showy. In qaar ka mid ah dalalka Yurub aristocracy la bourgeoisie weyn, taas oo classicism Faransiis ah Louis XVI ayaa dhawaan u adeegi jireen sida lagu daydo ah, wuxuu bilaabay inuu si cad raaco qaab Imperial. Ka dib markii kacaanka ee Paris mar kale ka soo meelo kala duwan ka soo ururiyey fanaaniinta iyo injineero kuwaas oo doortay in ay ku shaqeeyaan hab cusub oo tiro badan. The Empire naqshadaha, tusaalooyin ah oo dhismayaasha ma u eg a "ururiyey" classicism, oo ka duwan isbeddellada hore lahaa qof magalo ku filan, tanoo reebaysa by Samo falku inaad ah sharciyeynta samaynta dugsiyada maxaliga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma joojin waqti cayiman ka dib dhalashada qoraalkii Ruush of style this.

Saint Petersburg

Isbeddelladan 1810-1830 sannad xisaabeedka. bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan in ay ensembles magaalooyinka. Tusaalooyinka Empire naqshadaha St. Petersburg - waa si fiican u yaqaan Kazan Cathedral iyo dhismaha Admiralty ah, ee Spaso-Preobrazhensky iyo cathedrals Troitsky, Ostrovsky Square iyo Fanka. korkooda shaqeeyay injineero caan ah sida K. I. Rossi iyo A. Voronikhin, JB Thomas de Thomon iyo A. D. Zaharov, V. P. Stasov iyo kuwa kale.

Dibadda, Empire Ruush ee Architecture, tusaalayaal taas oo dhismayaasha yihiin macno ahaan kala firdhiyey oo dhan caasimada waqooyiga, kana xoogbadan iyagoo ugu horrayn la isticmaalayo classical waaran-nidaamyada, Tuscan iyo Doric ma aha oo kaliya. Ka dib markii xilligii of Alexander classicism muuqataa rabitaanka dhimatay, Oo quruxda iyo monumentality, weheliso xaga raga. style Empire ee naqshadaha, sawirada dhismayaasha taas oo ka marag furaa in ay dhabanada adag iyo iid, oo ay la socdaan jaho ee qaabkeeda oo calaamad dawladii kacaanka keentaa.

The "gooye" dambeeya ee Empire Ruushka

style Empire naqshadaha, tusaale u ah dhismaha oo ay ugu badan ee Russia waxaa lagu arki karaa in St. Petersburg, si cad u muujinayaa niyadda waqtiga. apotheosis ee jihada Ruush waa Cathedral St. Cathedral ee Isxaaq. Waxaa la dhisay 1858, oo loogu talagalay by Montferrand. Waxaa ahaaday qaab fudud: saaraayo leh square, xagalka, dhululubo oo qubbad saxan, taas oo, marka lagu daro baaxadda weyn, kiniisadda siiyey qaar ka mid ah monumentality dheeraad ah oo abuuray aragti ah ee lama taabtaan da'da jir gumeyste ah. Inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha Cathedral ee xal sare farsamo la isticmaalo waqtiga: aasaas huuri bulukeeti adag, ka samaysan dhagaxa, feeraha tuuray-birta on domes ah, tiirar monoliths dhagax adag oo dhan. sharraxo dibadda duwanyihiin oo hodan la design ah midabo.

Marxaladaha "Golden Age"

Sayidka, xilligii of style Empire ee naqshadda dhismaha ee St. Petersburg, duniyooyinka dhismaha laba ka mid ah taxadiri ugu wayn - dhismaha oo ka mid ah Kazan iyo Cathedral St. Isxaaq, dhameystirtay marxaladda horumarinta magaalada, markii la abuuray shuqullo badan oo u gaar ah oo naqshadda dhismaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay "Age Golden" suugaanta Ruush, rinjiyeynta iyo music waxaa kaliya laga bilaabo, Architecture-Ruush, ayuu soo bixiyey in ku dhow ah.