Qorshaha Dawes sida hab of kicinta dhaqaalaha ee Germany ee bartamihii 1920-

Ka dib guuldaradii ee Empire Jarmal ah Treaty of Versailles la saxiixay Dagaalkii Adduunka ee First of 1914-1918. By shuruudaha, Germany lahaa in uu bixiyo magdhaw dalalka Entente ah. Cabbirka iyo muddo magdhow la dhab ahaan lama ilaaliyo by heshiiskii nabadda. In 2-3 sano, Germany soo wajahay dhibaato dhaqaale. In 1924, Qorshaha Dawes la loogu talagalay in lagu soo celiyo dheelitirka ee lacagaha ee dhaqaalaha Jarmal.

iska hor imaad Franco-German ee degaanka Ruhr ah

Mid ka mid ah dalalka ay ku tiirsan yihiin dayactir, waxay ahayd France. Marka Germany ka dib markii bilowgii dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale oo khatar ah, dhibaatooyinka bilaabeen bixinta magdhaw, Madaxweynaha Poincaré go'aansadeen in ay soo galaan ciidamada Faransiiska ee degaanka Ruhr ah. Sida aad ogtahay, Ruhr - waa gobolka ugu khayraadka-hodanka ah ee Germany. Waxaa jira fasalada kala duwan ee dhuxusha miino, kaas oo wakhti la ballaaran loo adeegsado warshadaha, iyo tareenada ah. duulaanka Faransiiska ee dhulka Jarmal lahaa dhowr ujeeddooyinka:

• loo hubiyo in sahayda joogta ah lacagta magdhaw in France,
• helitaanka khayraadka dabiiciga Jarmal for soo saarka Faransiis;
• daciifaan Saamaynta ugu weyn ee England iyo Maraykanka ee siyaasadda Yurub.

caabin Jarmal socday 8 bilood. In xilliga dayrta ee 1923, dowladda Jarmalka ayaa dhamaaday maal waayo, dagaalka ka dhanka ah ballaarinta Faransiis. France isku dayday in ay ku hoosaysiiyo Germany laftiisa, taasoo aan ka mid ahaa in talada madaxda kale ee dunida.

Komishanka Work khubaro ah si ay u darsaan xaaladda dhaqaale ee Germany

Bishii November 1923, beesha caalamka ayaa ka taagay guddi, taasi oo markii dambe la horumariyo Qorshaha Dawes ah. The hawlaha guddiga ka qeyb galay dhaqaaleyahannada xirfadeed ka Europe, iyo sidoo kale khubaro shaqsi ka Maraykanka. Qaab-dhismeedka jirka ayaa loo abuuray laba guddi. The ugu horeysay ka shaqeeyeen dib u soo celinta lacagta Jarmal. Wajahadda heerka labaad ka koobnaa weydiimo search soo laaban fursado caasimada dalka, soo minguuriyey dalka dibadiisa. Lacagtan waxaa madaxa laga yaabaa inay dib u soo kicinta ah ee dhaqaalaha, sababtoo ah kaliya horumarinta guul dhaqaale ee Germany waxay siin kartaa magdhaw.

Horumarinta iyo korsashada ee istaraatijiyad Entente ah

January 14, 1924 ee London, furay kulan uu yeeshay guddiga khubarada. Wuxuu madax qareenka American bulshada khabiir Charles Dawes. Ka hor inta yahay inuu ku biiro Guddiga dhowr maalmood koox ka mid ah maal-khibrad ka dhacay dalka Jarmalka si ay u bartaan sawirka dhabta ah ee heerka dhaqaalaha. Iyagoo ka duulaya xogta ka helay ayaa la soo saaray warbixin, taas oo la sameeyey dadweynaha kulan ee London.

Haddii aan ka hadlo Plan Dawes ee Marka la soo koobo, uu xalliyo dhibaatada soo celinta loobahanyahay ee dhaqaalaha Jarmal bixinta magdhaw. Qaab dhismeedka warbixinta waxaa loo kala qaybiyey saddex qaybood. Marka ugu horeysa fikradda ahayd in dayactirka - waa kaliya deynta dibadda ee wada-hawlgalayaasha Germany ee Western, ma jid ciqaabtoodu ay iyaguba in dalalka Entente la kulmay intii uu socday dagaalka.

Qorshaha Dawes baaqay in bixinta deynta inay dib u soo kabashada dhaqaalaha Jarmal ee cadadka 800 million marks. Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee u dhexeeya credit ka dalalka barnaamijyada co-amaahashada hadda la IMF waxay ahayd in Germany maray guddiga canshuur gaar ah awoodda in la xakameeyo miisaaniyadda. Intaa waxaa dheer, shirkadda abuuray gaar ah, taas oo sii daayey in maareynta nidaamka tareenka ee Germany 40 sano. Dhab ahaantii, xakameeyo meesha istaraatiijiga ah gacmaha gaarka loo leeyahay mareen. Control ka badan lacagta ay dawladdu sidoo kale laga badiyay, maxaa yeelay, xaq u leedahay inaad daabacdo lacagta helay bangi si gaar ah u dhisan, oo ay gacanta ku huwanta ahaa. Qorshaha Dawes kale oo uu sharxayaa canshuur badan oo ku saabsan dadka. Ilaha ugu waaweyn ee dhismaha ee lacagaha reparative ahaayeen dakhliga shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay iyo miisaaniyadda gobolka.

Cawaaqibka siyaasadeed Allied

ansaxinta Qorshaha Dawes ku lahaa cawaaqib wanaagsan iyo wax xunba ee wadamada Yurub. La gaaray:

• xasilinta xaaladda dhaqaale ee Germany,
• dib u bilaabaan bixinta magdhaw.

dhibcood taban:

• saboolnimada dadweynaha;
• hordhaca ah ee cashuurta culaab badan dadka keentay in u kaca ee heerka niyadda dibad bulshada;
• uu xilka qabtay 1933, xisbiga ee naasiga iyo Adolf Hitler.