Carruurta Boyar (wiilashii Knights). Ruush Army State

Jiraye tan iyo dhamaadkii qarnigii XIV ah u habaynta ee Peter carruurta boyars 'ahaayeen mid ka mid ah fasalada muhiimka ah ee bulshada Ruush ah oo uu waqti. Wada jir ah ula kuwii gobta ahaa, iyagu waa muhimka ah ee ciidanka qaranka oo taageero ka helaya xukuumadda dalka.

Xusuuso waxay marka hore

The weedha "carruurta Knights" weli ku dhacaa qorna la xidhiidha qarnigii XIII ah, markii Russia ahaa burbursan oo ku tiirsan Horde Golden ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ereyada lahaa wax yar ka wadaagaan fikradda classical of this ifafaale bulshada. Waxa xiiso leh, ee wiilashii Knights loo yaqaan ka qaybgalayaasha in ay Battle of Kulikov Dmitry Donskoy dhinaca.

Eraygan waxa sidoo kale laga helay mid ka mid ah heshiisyada ee Prince Grand ee Moscow Vasily II, taariikhaysan 1433 sano. In warqad this, masuuliyiinta ayaa xaqiijiyay in xaq carruurta boyars 'adeegi sayidyadooda ku dhulgoosadka, xataa haddii xaafadaha ay diiday by dagaalka. Taasi waa, waxaan dhihi karaa kalsooni in adeegga dadkan ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii XV ahaa guryaha oo lacag la'aan ah. Waxay sayidkii tagi karo iyada oo aan wax cabsi ah xeer sharci ah.

Baahida loo qabo ciidanka cusub

Laakiin jeer ay is badaleen, iyo waxa ka dambeeya, iyo carruurta ay isu Knights. Qarnigii XV dalalka Russia dambeyntii midoobeen agagaarka Moscow. The amiirradii magaalada ayuu doonayay inuu noqdo KT dhab ah. Waxay neceb yahay nidaamka daciif dhulgoosadka ah ee da 'weyn, taasoo keentay in kala qaybsanaanta iyo daciifnimo ah ee dalka. Si aad ugu dambeyntii ka tanaasulaan si hore, waxay lahaayeen in laga takhaluso sayidyada yar dhulgoosadka Oo waxaad heli doontaa taageerada ay awood u gaar ah.

Haddii marka hore la gaadhay adigoo isticmaalaya diblomaasiyadda lagu daabacay iyo kordhaya awoodda dhaqaale, kii labaadna wuxuu u baahan yahay fasalka bulsho cusub. wakiilada iyo Its noqdaan carruurta Knights. Xusuuso oo ka mid ah diiwaanka bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan iyo aad u badan inta badan. Tusaale ahaan, in 1445 ciidamada dalka Ruushka, kaas oo ka koobnaa maadooyinka ee Moscow oo amiir u ahaa wuxuu tegey dagaal la dagaalyahan Lithuanian. Mid kasta oo Knights xulka ahaayeen 100 qof. Mid ka mid ah formation sida madax Voivod, kaas oo si toos ah u magacaabay by amiirka.

ah ee Knights

Waxaa jira dhowr qodob oo ka mid ah aragtida ku saabsan asalka ah ee fasalka this military iyo bulshada muhiim ah. Fikradda marka hore si ay u eegaan su'aashan isku dayeen in ay qoraa iyo falsafo ee qarnigii XVIII ka, Prince Michael Shcherbatov. Wuxuu hirgaliyey fikradda ah in carruurta boyars '- ka boyars qudbad yimid. Aragti kale ayaa loo soo bandhigay ugu yaraan taariikhyahan caanka Sergeem Solovevym. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in wiilashii Knights ahaayeen natiijada hal xidhmo hor wefdigii yar oo amiir u qaybsan yahay wiilashii dhabta ah ee boyars, iyo addoommadaada Free iyo domestics.

Ugu dambeyntii, view saddexaad ayaa sheegay in ku saabsan dhismaha Knights interlayer ah ay sabab u tahay kala daatay oo ka mid ah bulshada reer magaalka ah ee dhammaadkii qarnigii XIV ah. Land ay leeyihiin iyaga, gacmaha gaarka loo leeyahay mareen. habka kale oo saamayn ah ee ay ciidamada Ruush muhiimka ah ayaa si kor loogu qaado madaxda sare ee ragga ciidamada gobolka kharash ku ah dadka ka soo maxkamadda Prince ee. Markii hore, milkiilayaasha waxay ahaayeen dadka dhulka leh oo keliya yar. Laakiin mar hore qarnigii XV ah, waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ka bulshada reer magaalka dhaqaale ahaan u wiiqantay iibsadaan. abtirsadeen Study of mulkiilayaasha tusay oo iyaga ku dhex jiray labada Wiilashii qoysaska sharaf leh, iyo dadka ka soo qaybaha kale ee dadweynaha, sida karaaniyaal.

ciidamada degay

Markii dadkii gobta ahaa iyo Knights noqday xuduntii ciidanka dawladda Ruush cusub, ciidanka waxaa jiray khilaaf u dhexeeya provincials iyo Moscow yimid. Waxa asaasay kooxaha qaranka iyo kuwa maxalliga ah u adeegaya dadka. Waxay ahaayeen Novgorod, Ukraine iyo Knights Siberian carruurta. Dadkani waxay ku soo koray oo ku taalla daafaha gobolka Ruush. Waxay yihiin in ay asal ahaan aan ka heli karto ilaa Moscow. In Siberia, fasalka, waxaa la sameeyay kharash ku Cossacks maxaliga ah. Sidoo kale carruurta boyars 'ka mid ah loo aaneeyey ciidamada adeegayaashoodda tataarka, Chuvash, Mordovians, Mari, iyo D. sidaas on. Oo waxay noqotay ka dib markii Russia biiray si uu Volga.

korodhka A wayn ee qiimaha guryaha cusub jiray qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XV ah, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Ivan III. Prince si firfircoon qaybinta xaafadaha iyo dalalkoodii u adeegaya dadka isaga uga yimid xagga sayid kale (oo ah amiirradii dadka Lithuania, iyo D. sidaas on.). Kuwii gobta ahaa, iyo kuwii gobta ahaa Knights joogay tallaabooyinka kala duwan ee sallaan dowladda.

Habeeynta Ivana Groznogo

In qarnigii XVI ka, la aasaasay carruurta boyars fasalka classical ', oo loo qaybiyay laba kooxood oo ugu waaweyn - dayrka (ka aristocracy wayn) iyo bilays ah (gobolka). Tsar Ivan Grozny bilowga ah ee boqornimadiisa ayaa ku hawlan dib u habaynta badan oo gobolka. Haddaba, waxaan dareemay isbedel iyo carruurta Knights. 16 qarnigii waa qarnigii, marka waxa loogu yeero boqolaal zhiletskie.

unugyada metalaysa category cusub oo dadka hawsha boqorka ciidankiisana. Boqolaal ayaa ka kooban carruurta boyars ifka iyo ugu awood. maamulka la doortay ugu wanaagsan oo iyaga ka mid ah ee gobollada oo wuxuu siiyey xaafadaha degmooyinka u dhow Moscow. ciidamada cusub sida carruurta Knights caadiga lahaa si ay u qabtaan shaqo adeeg ciidan dalalkoodii ay isirka.

marka Romanovs ah

Time of rabshado iyo awood la'aanta ee gobolka si ay u ilaaliyaan ciidamada degay qasbay Mikhail Romanov si ay u muujiyaan isbedelada ciidanka. boqorka kowaad ee isku dhaca guri ammaan qiiqaysana cusub la Poland. In 1630s ah Knights noqday saldhig u tahay nidaamka cusub ee regiments. Waxay sidoo kale lagu magacaabay waddammada, maxaa yeelay, waa meesha, iyo waxyaabo kale, casuumay ajnabiga.

regiments iyo awr, abuuray by model Western - Intii uu socday dagaalkii Smolensk ka dhanka ah Poland Knights ayaa sidoo kale ka mid ah qorayaasha ahaayeen. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah formation of servitors aan dhulka haysan. Reitarska si gooni ah ayaa loo abuuray si ay u maareeyaan xataa. In 1682, ciidamada Knights habaynta maray ee la soo dhaafay. Boqolaal bedelay shirkadaha of kasta 60 nin, iyo 6 shirkadaha in xaddiga Shelefyada steel. Isbadal ayaa keentay in la baabiiyo of localism - nidaamka qaybinta posts ciidamada dawladda sida waafaqsan heerka uu ku abtirsan ka soo jeedo.

estate ee carruurta boyars 'la waayay ee bilowgii qarnigii XVIII ah inta lagu guda jiro dib u habaynta ee Peter Weyn. Boqortooyada wuxuu ahaa mid aan xiiso u taageeraya ciidamada jir-style. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe ciidan cusub, si ay u abaabulaan hab Yurub. Waxa uu sidoo kale kor u kacay muhiimadda ay leedahay abtirsan. Waxaa kooxdan oo ah boyars laandheere liqay carruurta.