Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich (Leib Lazarevic Feldbin) NKVD ee USSR ah: Biography ah

In 1952, magazine caanka American "Life" daabacay taxane ah oo articles, kuwaas oo u noqday dareen dhab ah. In iyaga qoraaga, a hore ee sirdoonka Soviet, Igor Konstantinovich Berg - - iyo goostay markii ugu, si ay u West carari shaaca ka qaaday caddaymo ku saabsan dambiyada ee taliskii Stalin ee, kaas oo uu ku ogaa, waxay dhihi, gudaha, kaas oo lahaa si toos ah dhalista ah. Yuu yahay ninkii this, iyo in isaga inuu ka tago dalkiisa?

Youth Future -yaasha

Magaciisa dhabta ah - Life Lazarevic Feldbin. Waxa uu ku dhashay August 21, 1895 qoys Yuhuudda ku nool magaalada gobolka Bobruisk, Minsk. Waxaa ku noolaa lahaa, isagu marnaba naftiisa ku hadhay fog in ka hawlaha iyo nawaaxigeeda ee magaalada, laakiin in 1916, oo ku dhex jira iyo dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, heleen yeeritaanka ah oo lagu qasbay in ay ku riday on jubbad dheer askari ee. Si kastaba ha ahaatee boholo promorzshie keentay jagooyinka dulqadan dhallinyarada Leyba Feldbina ayaa u adeegay in gadaal ilaa bilowgii kacaankii February ah.

Liidata hanuuniyey in maelstrom ee dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadeed oo xaaqan Russia ka dib markii dayrta ee -Raaxaysta- ah, wuxuu bishii Febraayo 1917 ku biiray xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Internationalists United ka, waa mid ka mid ah xayawaan ah markaas xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga. Laakiin in madaxda sare ee ururka ma muddo dheer sii joogo - inay ku sugan yihiin madaxda sare ee Ciidanka Cas ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye, wuxuu noqday xubin ka mid ah Life ee RCP ah (b).

Leo Lazarevic - shaqaalaha Waaxda Gaarka ah

Iyadoo loo yaqaan tan iyo yaraantaadii qadhaadhka saboolnimada iyo Dulli qaranka, ee ay sharci si fiican u yaqaan oo ka mid ah oo midabka ah Dejinta ee Yuhuuddii, ayuu rumaysan yahay jiray qalbigiisa oo dhan, kuwaas oo hadafyada sare oo Bolsheviks dhawaaqi goolka uu hawlo siyaasadeed. Leib markaas ay ahayd oo keliya shan iyo labaatan sannadood, oo wuxuu taarkan oo dhan yar oo loola cararay si ay ula dagaalamaan kuwa kii, sida uu sheegay sanamyada fikirka, bilawga hortagi farxad universal.

In 1920 wuxuu noqday shaqaale ka tirsan Qaybta Gaarka ah 12 iyo ciidanka iyo ka qeyb qaatay soo ogaanshaha iyo tirtiridda ururada counter-kacaan ee Ukraine. Wixii soo bandhigeen this dagaal cajiib ah oo tayo ururka Leyba sanadka soo socda ayaa loo magacaabay taliyaha qaybta ujeedada gaarka ah. Isla mar ahaantaana badala magaca, si mustaqbalka waraaqaha oo dhan ku qoran sida Lev Lazarevich Nikolsky.

xirfadiisa Stage iyo waxbarasho ee Moscow

In 1921, xisbiga Dardaarmi Lva Lazarevicha in Arkhangelsk, si uu u hago Division Hawlgallada Secret ah. Halkan, muddo gaaban ka dib, waxaa loo magacaabay madaxa qaybta baaritaanka ee wakiilka iyo idman by shaandeynta ee saraakiisha White Guard la siiyey fursad ah inuu ka tago Russia.

Isla sanadkaas, Nicholas sida shaqaale la filayo oo ah xubin ka mid ah Duqeyda ah (B) helo jihada inaad wax ka barato Moscow, halkaas oo uu afarta sano ee soo socota ku bixiso sidii arday ee School of Law, abuuray oo ku saleysan University Moscow ee. All time this casharada fasalka, wuxuu isku daraa shaqada la taaban karo ee sharci fulinta, iyo markaad dhamayso baadhitaan lagu tiriyaa GPU shaqaalaha maamulka dhaqaalaha, madax adeerkiis Zinoviy Katznelson.

Adeegga in sirdoonka shisheeye

indheynta Career Lva Lazarevicha bilaabay in 1926, iyadoo diiwaangelinta ee gobolka waaxda arimaha dibada ee OGPU ah. Cayimayo shaqada mustaqbalka ku qasbay in ay sii wadaan nool magaca ah la wareegay. Hadda waxa laga bilaabo, waxaa taagnaa documents: Orlov Aleksandr Mikhailovich. magaca hore ee hore iyo intii dambeba waxay ahaayeen oo kaliya in si qarsoodi ah HR fayl.

Lahaanshaha tababaran oo si fiican u lahaanshaha dhowr luqadood oo shisheeye, waxaa fuliya hawlaha kala duwan ee dalal badan oo reer Europe iyo America. Gaar ahaan, waxaa uu hogaaminayo Eagles ay si toos ah ula Kimom Filbi shaqeeyaan - sarkaal sare oo ka tirsan sirdoonka Ingiriiska qortaan hay'adaha sirdoonka Soviet. Orlov network Maadaama oo dhan wakiilada waxaa la abuuray oo ku wareegsan, ka shaqeeya Midowga Soofiyeeti. Tani waxa ay ahayd in "kooxda Cambridge" caanka ah, kuwaas oo galay taariikhda dunida ka mid ah sirdoonka.

dahab Isbaanish

In 1936 nasashada Civil War Isbaanish ah, iyo Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich waxaa halkaas u diray si ay u caawiyaan dowladda Jamhuuriga sida takhasuska ah ee ammaanka gudaha iyo counterintelligence. Halkan, oo uu ka qayb ahaa xaliyay diyaar iyo fuliyay howlgalka for kala iibsiga ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah kayd dahab ah oo Spain ah, iyadoo ay sabab u taasoo soo baxday in 510 tan oo bir qaaliga ah, la xisaabay in ku dhawaad 73% ka mid ah oo dhan in ay hantiyeen Spanish Bank State ee kitfo Moscow. Ay u adeegaan sida isaga iyo hawlaha badan oo kale ayuu siiyey NKVD.

go'aan adag

In 1936, Stalin siinayaa wadadii hanaanka taas oo horseeday in mid ka mid ah muddooyinka muqdiga taariikhda Soviet oo loo yaqaan Argagaxii Waynaa ah. dalka gelin sannadahaas, ruxruxo ah repressions mass gaaray inta badan koray gudaheedana sinaba uma ay dad aan waxba galabsan. Waxay sidoo kale taabtay dul hoggaanka siyaasadeed iyo ciidan. Aasaasayaasha iyo veterans of Cheka ka badan ayaa laga saaray tiirarkooda, oo mar dambe la qabtay oo toogasho lagu eedeeyay muuqata LAA-up. iyaga ka mid ah ay ahaayeen dad badan, oo wuxuu bilaabay inuu adeeg Orlov.

Alexander ahaa ogyahay in si degdeg ah ama goor dambe waxaa la sugaya qaddar la mid ah. Xoojiyo kalsoonida iyo tiro badan dib u eegista ee Moscow ee diblomaasiyiin ka shaqeeya dibadda. Waxay helay amar ay ku iman on ganacsiga, oo ay wada qoysaskooda qabtay xaq at sagxada ee diyaaradda. Bishii Febraayo 1938, Orlov dambeyntii xalin in ay jebiyaan xukuumadda, taliska ah oo uu tixgeliyaa denbi iyo khatar ku dhimanaya isaga iyo qoyskiisa in.

duulimaadka qasbay

Wakhtigan, xaalad dahsoon wuu dhintay si lama filaan ah oo degdeg ah ka xoogbadan, Orlov, oo madax ka ah waaxda arrimaha dibadda ee NKVD ah, Aabraam Slutsky, iyo meel loo magacaabay S. M. Shpigelglas. February 17 Alexander waxaa la baray in ay la kulmaan isaga la saarnaa Soviet "Svir" markabka gaaray Antwerp. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo wuxuu lahaa oo sabab kasta in ay aaminsan yihiin in, jaranjarada, ayuu waxaa qabsan doona.

Kulan oo uu tababaraha cusub, ma uusan ka muuqan. Halkii, xaaskiisa iyo gabadhiisa qaadashada, iyo ay la socdaan iyo lixdan kun oo doolar ka Fund ee Corporate, Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich si qarsoodi ah u tageen inay France, ka dibna iskaga dhex Kanada Maraykanka. In Midowga Soofiyeeti uu wali qaraabadooda. Si ay iyaga ka aargoosi suurtagal ah in uu soo baxsado ilaaliyo, Eagles soo diray warqad u NKVD ah. In waxa, uu ka digay in haddii ay saameeyeen dadka ku dhow, wuxuu siin doonaa adeegyada arrimaha dibadda oo ku saabsan basaasyo Soviet ka shaqeeya dal oo kala duwan.

Jawaabta madaxda '

khatar Tani Orlov u suurtagashay in ay ka aamin gurigooda oo kaliya, taas oo run ahaantii ma taabto si looga fogaado failure oo ka mid ah ballan-qaaday, laakiin madaxda sirdoonka badan ka cabanayeen in uu soo baxsado. iyaga ka mid ahaa Yacquub Serebryansky, oo ahaan jiray madax ciidanka gaarka ah ee hawsha iyo maamulo shaqada ee toban degan dhowr dalalka reer galbeedka. Waxa la qabtay oo ay la socdaan xaaskiisa iyo go'aanka maxkamadda lagu xukumay dil la. Sababo cadda xukunka lama siin in fulinta, iyo laba mar kale ahaa xorriyad, laakiin way adag tahay in la qiyaaso in ay adkaystay.

Qalabka la daabacay Orlov

Nolosha America hoos magaca Igor Konstantinovich Berg, Orlov daabacay wargeyska "Life" taxanaha ah ee articles, kuwaas oo kor ku xusan ayaa durba la soo sheegnay. In iyaga, uu si faahfaahsan u tilmaamay dambiyada ee taliskii communist ah, markhaati iyo laahi Xuseen qasbay taas oo ahayd in muddo adeega ee NKVD ah. Meel weyn ee qoraalkan la siiyey iyo doorka Stalin ee ku Samreen wixii ka, ay ku kacaan ee Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Later qalabkan ayaa ka mid ah buug lagu daabacay New York ee 1953 iyo turjumey luqado badan. Ku jira dhexdeeda lagu adeegsaday cilmi badan ka hor ay daabacaadan ee Russia 1991. In si demoqaraadiyad hore, waxaa la daabacay buug kale Orlov, loogu talagalay goobo arrin qaar ka mid ah akhristayaasha - taas oo uu la wadaago oo uu waayo-aragnimo ah ee dagaalka dhuumaalaysiga ah iyo hay'adaha adeegga counter-sirdoonka.

martiqaad laalan

Iyadoo in America, Orlov sabab inay ka cabsadaan aarsashadii maamulka Moscow ilaa xad ka weyn goostay kale Soviet, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu ka war badan oo ka mid ah waxyaalaha qarsoon ee adeegyada ay si qarsoodi ah. Ku noolaanshaha muddo sanado ah hoos magac wareegay, oo si taxadar leh qarinta uu cinwaanka, basaas hore hadhay geli karin in ay ka NKVD iyo ka dib KGB ah.

Kaliya ee bartamihii demoqaraadiyad-, wakiilka Soviet Mikhail Feaktistovu awoodaan in la dhiso halka uu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jeer ay is badaleen, iyo macluumaadka la heli karo si Orlov, ayaa laga badiyay ay ku tacaluqa, si uu nolosha hore u gaar ah oo aan halis. Markaas Feaktistov Orlov booqday laba iyo dhiibay casuumad Dowladda Soofiyeeti ee guriga ku soo noqdo. Waxay aad loogu balan qaadayo xorriyadda, Alexander Ivanovich sidoo kale waa inuu ku laabanayo darajo military khayraadka oo dhan abaalmarinta waxaa.

Orlov diiday. Waxay hore u ahaayeen ka yar toddobaatan, nolosha dib-u-bilowday dalka ka kaas oo ay ku noqon qalaad ku sanadihii la soo dhaafay, dadka waayeelka ah ma doonayo in aan. Alexander kaliya ka codsaday in la siiyo madaxda hadda ee dalka in, inkastoo ay su'aalo badan, FBI ma isaga u hesho macluumaad kasta oo ku saabsan shabakada wakiilada ', abuuray uu ka qayb. Orlov sheegay in si fudud ha Khayaamina laga yaabaa kuwa dadban oo isaga isku halleeyey, oo waxay u adeegeen fikrad la mid ah, kaas oo uu hal mar u bogi.

uu dhintay on March 25, 1977 Ka dib markii, ay ka maqan yihiin kuwa dhaxalka leh, garsoore federaalka la amray in la shaabadeeyo iyo in archive dhammaan dokumentiyada marxuumka, ay ka mid yihiin qoraal gacmeedka ee qorkiisa ku. Waxay halkaas hayay ilaa 1999, iyo kaliya in ka dib markii laga yaabaa dadweynaha.