Nuclear-Fast

Inkasta oo aasaas u ah hawlgalka kasta nuclear-nuclear been fission ee wax shucaac ah, oo ay la socdaan horumar ah ee heerkulka, ku xiran design muuqaalada kala saaro laba nooc - nuclear-degdeg ah oo gaabis ah, mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan kulaylka.

neutrons The sii daayay in habka falcelinta, muujiyaan xawaare aad u dheer bilowga ah, aragti ahaan gudbo labaad kun oo kiiloomitir. Tani - ka neutrons dhakhso ah. In geeddi-socodka ah ee ka dhaceen la atamka ku xeeran dhaqaaqin macno ah ay xawaare gaabisaa. Mid ka mid ah siyaabaha fudud oo la awoodi karo si kiimikaysan loo yareeyo xawaaraha la gelinayn in jidka oo biyo ah ama graphite. Sayidka, barashada si ay ula qabsadaan heerka tamarta ogeed qayb ka, kuwaas oo, wuxuu ahaa ninka ugu karin inuu abuuro isagoo laba nooc oo tigoodu. Magaca neutrons "kaamerada" xaqiiqada ah in xawaaraha ay dhaqdhaqaaq ka dib markii deceleration ficil ahaan u dhiganta xawaaraha dabiiciga ah ee mooshinka intra-kulka helay mahad. Marka la eego tirada ay kor u 10 kilomitir labaad waa. Waayo, qaybaha qiimaha waa ay yar yihiin, sidaa daraadeed qabashada nuclei walxaha dhacaa marar aad u badan kicinaya iskala qaybinta windings cusub (reaction silsilad). cidhibtii of this waa in qadar badan oo yar yar ee wax fissionable badan waxay ku faanaan loo karaa tigoodu dhakhso ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, qaar ka mid ah hoos kale qiimayaasha kor socdka. Currently kaliya lagu sharxayaa sababta ay ugu hawlgala Quwadda Nuclearka isticmaali neutrons dhab gaabis ah.

Lahaa ekaan - haddii qof kasta loo tiriyo, ka dibna sababta aan ugu baahan nahay soon neutron nuclear-? Waxaa soo baxday, ma si fudud. Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee nidaamka sida - awood u leh inay bixiyaan shidaalka nuclear tigoodu kale, iyo sidoo kale abuuri lahayd wareegga qeybinta balaartay. Ina keena aynu baari this si faahfaahsan.

nuclear-breeder Fast isticmaala si buuxda raran galay shidaalka xudunta u ah. Bal aan ka bilowno tan iyo bilowgii. Fikrad ahaan, isticmaalka shidaalka sida a kartaan xubno kaliya labo: plutonium iyo uranium-239 (isotopes 233 iyo 235). In dabiiciga ah, waxaa laga helay oo kaliya isotope ee U-235, laakiin aad u yar in ay ka hadlaan oo ku saabsan rajada doorashada noocan oo kale ah. uranium Kuwani iyo plutonium - waxaa laga thorium-232 iyo uranium-238, kuwaas oo la sameeyey iyada oo sababtu tahay gaadhista ka daadanayo neutron. Haddaba labadan wax shucaac ah waa badan tahay in ay ka dhacdo ay qaab dabiici ah. Sidaas darteed, haddii ay suurto gal ahayd in uu ordo fission cadaanyo silsilad is-joogtaynta ee U-238 (ama plutonium-232), ay sabab u ahaan lahaydeen ah ee qaybo cusub ee wax fissile - uranium-233 ama plutonium-239. Inta lagu guda jiro deceleration of neutrons in velocities kaamerada (tigoodu classic) habkan waa wax aan macquul aheyn: waxay u adeegaan sida shido U-233 iyo PU-239, laakiin nuclear-ka neutron dhakhso u ogolaanaya in ay fuliyaan diinta dheeraad ah oo caynkaas ah.

Geedi socodka waa sida soo socota: load 235 ama thorium-232 (wax cayriin), iyo qayb ka mid ah uranium-233 ama plutonium-239 (shidaalka). Ee la soo dhaafay (wax kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah) waxay bixiyaan daadanayo neutron loo baahan yahay ee "suuroggalaan" cadaanyo ee gacanta ugu horeysay. In geeddi-socodka ah ee bololka sii daayay tamar kulka loo rogo matoorrada korontada ee saldhigga. neutrons Fast dhaqmaan on the alaabta ceeriin, oo bedel ku soo galay walxahaasi ... qayb cusub oo shidaalka. Caadi ahaan, xaddiga gubo iyo shidaalka keentay waa u siman yihiin, laakiin haddii wax cayriin waa ku raran dheeraad ah, qarniga qaybo cusub ee wax fissile yahay xitaa si ka dhaqso badan isticmaalka. Sidaa awgeed, magaca labaad ee tigoodu kuwan - breeder. shidaalka dheeraadka ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in ay tigoodu noocyada gaabis ah classic.

la'aanta ah ee lagu daydo on neutrons dhakhso ah in ka hor inta loading uranium-235 waa la barwaaqaysiin, taas oo u baahan maal dheeraad ah. Ka sokow, dhismaha muhiimka ah waa ka dhib badan.