Muddada oscillation: dabiiciga ah oo ka mid ah ifafaale iyo cabbirka

Mid ka mid ah sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee noocyada kala duwan ee vibrations, kaas oo ka dhaca dabeecadda, waa xilliga iyo inta jeer ee oscillation. Kuwani waxay ifafaale jirka waa xaalad caadi in, laga yaabee, ma waxaad cayimi kartaa domain ee jiritaanka, kuwaas oo la arkay xogta geeddi socodka jirka. Meelaha ugu badan ee cilmi-baarista ku saabsan nooca damacyadii vibrational waa makaanikada, korantada, xiddigaha, goobta iyo kale.

Waxay isku daraa dhammaan qaybaha waa in dabiiciga ah ee mooshinka vibrational iyaga oo ku waa isku mid, iyo, sidaas awgeed, aragtida ah oo qeexaya arrin waa universal. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa guud ahaan la aqbalay in muddada ka dhigan bareeg waqti go'an inta lagu guda jiro taas oo shay ka dhigaysa mid dhamaystiran oscillation ka dibna ku soo laabtay ay markii hore. Tusaale ahaan ugu sheekeynta of this ee makaanikada ee lulid ee pendulum ee ay guushu ku saacadood.

degidda guryaha si ay u kala soocaan free (ama adiga kuu gaar ah), iyo harmonic. Free - waa kuwa in badan waxaa sababa ciidamada dibadda codsatay in shay oo waxay outputting ka gobolka ee hoganaya (ee makaanikada, alaab xadhko leh muusikada, Bob, ganaax by dun, iwm). meel ka muhiimsan A ee aragtida ah ee geedi socodka oscillatory qaadan oscillations harmonic. Waxay ka koobnaan dhismeedka kaas oo u ogolaanaya in ay habeeyaan sharciyada aragtida ah oo ka fiirso nooca oscillations warbaahinta kala duwan jirka (biyo, hawo, gaaska, vacuum, iwm).

Iyada oo ku saleysan caddaynta ee caalami ah ee aragtida ah ee vibrations, waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa unugyada caalamiyeen iyo jirka oo ka tarjumaya baaxadda oscillations kuwaasaa, eegin ay dabeecadda iyo qaybinta dhexgalaan. Kuwanu waa xilliga iyo inta jeer. Sida muddo oscillation qeexay, waxa kor ku xusan. Inta jeer ee oscillations ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa tirada walxaha go'an oscillations dhamaystiran halkii unit waqti go'an. The muddo iyo inta jeer ee oscillations ee la xiriira aragti hal, formula guud ee aragtida this. Qeexaa mudada of oscillations free of formula ayaa foomka: f = 1 / T, halkaas oo f - noqnoqoshada T - muddo (falimihiisii kale, oo ay la socdaan soo noqnoqoshada, Halbeegga ugu weyn ee ifafaale ah).

Waxaa jira sifooyin kale oo ka mid ah geedi socodka vibrational, sida Ilodanimada, soo noqnoqoshada angular, wajiga, laakiin isticmaalkoodu ayaa sababay shuruudaha sii adag ku tilmaamay oscillations. xaaladaha kala yihiin:

- dabeecadda dhabta ah ee nidaamka oscillation ah, in uu yahay dhab ahaan waxa aan tixgelin doonna vibrations - farsamo, electromagnetic, ama wax kale oo xilliile ah;

- deegaanka, taas oo hababka oscillatory dhacaan - hawada, biyaha ama haddii kale. xaaladaha Kuwani waa saamaynta ugu weyn ku cabbir kasta oo nidaamka, oo ay ku jiraan muddada oscillation. Tusaale ahaan, waayo xilliile ah, formula ah in ay go'aamiso muddo oscillation ka mid ah sidoo kale muujiyaan 2πν, taas oo calaamad u ah oscillation Rotary.

inta jeer oscillation waxaa lagu gartaa midnimada, kaas oo la magacaabay ka dib markii jirka ka weyn - Genriha Gertsa oo loo soo gaabiyo: Hz. Iyada oo ku saleysan loo arkaa noo by formula 1 Hz waa qiimo u siman yihiin in mid ka mid oscillation dhamaystiran oo ka dhacay mid ka mid ah labaad. Cutubkani waxa lagu gartaa toban kun ah fursadaha in na hareerayn nolol maalmeedka. Tusaale ahaan, talantaalli ah inta jeer ee hadda, oo aan baabbi'in gurigii waa 50 Hz. Taas macnaheedu waa in socodka electrons ee kaari ah 50 mar badala ay jihada of mooshin. Mawjadaha lagu gartaa karaa sida qiimaha yar (tus, ka oscillations pendulum) iyo sidoo kale qiimaha in la kordhiyo si ay balaayiin wareegyada per labaad. Noocan oo kale ah, tusaale ahaan, waa mawjadaha ku sifeeyay hawlgallada xisaabeed ee kombiyuutarada casri ah. Hertz ka dibna loo isticmaalo si ay u muujiyaan qiimaha uu noqdo mid raaxo, oo intaa ku daray iyaga dhufsanayaasha: kilo (Khz, 1000), ahee (MHz, 1000000), Giga (GHz, 1000000000) iyo wixii la mid ah.

Qiimaha taas oo muujinaysaa noo muddo oscillation waa unugyo ton ugu badan (jeer, sidaas si la hadasho), i.e. qiyaastii tiro ka mid ah tirada dhaqdhaqaaqa oscillating kaamil ah muddo la siiyo waqti.