Miklós Horthy - hoggaamiyaha Hungary in muddada interwar

Ka dib markii Dagaalkii Adduunka, Hungary badiyay 2/3 dhulkeeda. Sidoo kale, dalka ayaa laga badiyay qayb weyn oo ka mid ah awoodda dhaqaale iyo helitaanka badda. Xaaladdan oo kale, dalka waxaa lagama maarmaan ah sida hawada ahaa hoggaamiye xoog qorshaha maamul. hoggaamiye noocan oo kale ah, oo waxay noqdeen Miklós Horthy.

Years of carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Ninkaas ayaa mustaqbalkiisa waxa uu ku dhashay June 18, 1868 in qoyska weyn oo dadka dhulka leh oo dhexdhexaad ah. Waalidiinta waxaa lagu bartay oo la rumaysan yahay in carruurta ay sidoo kale waa inay u hesho waxbarasho wanaagsan. Horeba 8 sano Miklós Horthy bilaabaa waxbarashada uu reformatory ee College of Debrecen. In 1878, waalidiinta Miklós turjumi dugsiga Jarmal (Sopron). In 1882, isagoo maray doorashada ee tartanka 12 qof oo ku nool meel, Horthy noqdo arday ah Academy Bada ee magaalada jooga reer Croatia ee Rijeka. dugsiga this Wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay 1886.

Miklós Horthy: koritaanka Biography

Our geesi horeba waa isla markiiba ka dib Academy waxay bilaabeen inay muujiyaan kartida cajiib ah in ganacsiga badaha. Guud ciidanka Austro-Hungarian ogaaday talanti uu. In 1894, ciidanka ayaa u muuqday on markab ugu horeeyay ee uumi jar. La kulmaan mucjiso this of technology loo sameeyey Miklós. Lix sano ka dib, wuxuu noqday taliyaha markab weyn. Waxaa hubaal ah in korodhka kasta oo jagooyinka loo xilsaaray a darajo ciidan cusub.

Ilaa 1918, Miklós Horthy (sawiro laga arki karaa maqaalka) amray maraakiibta dhawr. Waxa uu ka qayb-galay dagaallada dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. In bilood ee u dambeeyey oo ka mid ah Empire Austro-Hungarian, markii raxan isku dayay in uu badbaadiyo burburkii Karl Habsburg magacaabay Taliyaha raxan Miklós Horthy.

xaqiiqada Hungarian ka dib markii dhamaadka World koowaad

Sidaas darteed nidaamka Versailles Treaty ee Hungary ka mid ah Maraykanka saameeyeen ahaa. In mabda'a, imperfection ah ee heshiisyada nabadda ahaa cad ku dhowaad si degdeg ah, laakiin ay korsato dammaanad dhamaadka colaadaha. On ku salaysan Austria-Hungary waxaa la abuuray by dhowr ah dalalka qaranka. Sidaas darteed, horyaalka macmal ah dhulalka Hungary laga badiyay 30% Dhulkoodii qowmiyadaha. Waxaan ka hadleynaa qiyaastii 3.3 million deggan.

The Treaty of Versailles ahaantii dulleeyay Hungary qaran. Tan iyo Hungary sameeyey ku dhowaad wax la mid ah sida Germany. Ujeedada Miklós Horthy boostada ee Ninkaas ahayd in la soo celiyo weynaanta qaranka iyo saamaynta ee Hungary ee Europe.

siyaasadda Domestic hab hortistkogo

In muddo ah interwar ee Hungary dhaqmeen nidaamka gacanta u gaar ah. Si rasmi ah, dawladda ku hadhay boqortooyo. Sida xaqiiqda ah, ka dib markii la afgembiyey boqorradii Habsburg ee 1919 ma ahayn, sida Entente ku qasbay Charles IV si tagayno. Waxa intaa dheer in November 1, 1921 dowladda Hungarian soo saaray amar ah oo ku saabsan bixitaanka ee Habsburg guri ammaan ah carshiga monarsheskogo.

The sano post-dagaal ee 1950-1980 taariikheeya tixgeliyo marxaladda oo ka mid ah Board of Miklós Horthy ee Hungary sida talisnimada ah faashistihii. Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan ku raacsanayn waxaa la, sababtoo ah:

- ee gobolka shaqeeya baarlamaanka aqal, kuwaas oo door muhiim ah ka go'aan qaadashada heerka ugu sareeya,

- lagu dhisay nidaamka xisbiyada badan ,

- in doorashooyin xor ah oo cadaalad ah, xisbiga uga qayb qaadan karto jiho kasta;

- waxaa la aasaasay shaqada dhabta ah ee xisbiyada mucaaradka ee baarlamaanka sida element ah ee dimuqraadiyadda.

In la eego dhaqaalaha, xaaladda gobolka uu ahaa mid aad u daran. Kaligii taliye (sida la odhan jiray taariikhyahanadu Soviet) si aad u wanaagsan ma u yaqaanna ee dhaqaalaha, sidaas si la hadasho mid ah dib u habaynta wax halis ah ee ku yaala goobahan aan loo baahnayn. badalina uma keentay in xaqiiqda ah in xaaladda sanadka 1932 in ka badan 800 oo kun oo dalka Hungary ahaayeen shaqo la'aan. Marka la barbar dhigo 1920, xaaladda dhab ahaan soo hagaagtay, laakiinse ma aha xagga badan.

Aad u badan oo ku saabsan dhaqaalaha Hungarian ka dhacay dhibaatooyinka caalamiga ah ee dhaqaalaha ee 1929- 1933 sano. In 1930, waxaa jiray dayrta ee Stock Exchange Budapest ah. The koboc dhaqaale oo hore u hooseeyo la joojiyay. Dhammaan tobanka sano post-dagaal, mushaaraadka shaqaalaha warshadaha ee wali ah mid hooseeya.

Itobiya Siyaasadda dibadda

Dhab ahaan baan u sheegay in Miklós Horthy - kaligii taliye ah oo wakiil oo ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu Soviet post-dagaal. Xaqiiqada ah in ay sal u ah siyaasadda dibadda ee xukuumadda Itobiya ay ahayd soo celinta dhulka qowmiyadaha. Suurtagalnimada isbeddellada ku yimaada nidaamka Versailles Horthy arkay oo keliya isku daya in la Germany dhibbane dhamaadka xisbiga dagaalka, iyo dalka kale ah faashistihii - Italy. Xaaladdan oo kale, boqorka Hungarian ma doonayaan in ay ku dhici sarkhaansan ee gobol kasta, oo wuxuu damcay inuu abuuro urur siman.

In 1927, heshiis la saxiixay "On saaxiibtinimo weligeed ah" la Italy. xiriirka diblomaasiyadeed aasaasay intii u dhaxaysay gobolada. isku daya in ay la Germany bilaabay ka dib 1933. Isbahaysiga Tani waxa ay ahayd xiiso iyo Adolf Hitler, kuwaas oo dalbaday in tirada ugu badan ee sokeeye ee Europe. Inta u dhaxaysa hoggaamiyeyaasha isnacsiiyeen ayaa kulamo dhowr ah inta lagu guda jiro taas oo madaxda fahmi kasta oo kale ee booska iyo yimaadaan si ay hooseeyaha caadi ah.

In qeybtii labaad ee 1930 Miklosh Horti (Biography gaaban kor ku soo bandhigay) ka dhigaysa dhawr booqasho caalami ah oo muhiim ah. Waxaan ka hadleynaa booqasho Horthy ee Poland, Italy iyo Austria. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jiray wada hadal firfircoon ku saabsan keeno sokeeye ee Yugoslavia.

guulaha Territorial 1930 daahay

1938 iyo 1939 sano jiray wakhtigii qaybin dhul pre-dagaal. Qaniimooyin Hungary ayaa sharciyeeyay wax-u-qaadidda Vienna. Horthy State ayaa u dhaqaaqay in Southern Slovakia iyo qaybta ugu galbeed ee hadda maalin Ukraine (Transcarpathia magaalada ugu weyn ee Uzhgorod). Tirada guud ee dhulal cusub LABAGEEDI lacag dhan 1 milyan oo qof. Sida iska cad ka xaqiiqooyinkani, caalamka Horthy fudayd lama sameeyo 1938, sidaas darteed, ayuu hadalkiisa raaciyay in ay la shaqeeyaan Hitler.