Maxaa polymerization in chemistry organic

Polymerization - geeddi-socodka ah ee ka helayo hal nooc oo laga bilaabo monomers taagoo waaweyn. polymer The keentay waa macromolecule ah in ka kooban yahay tiro ku filan oo halbeeg soo noqnoqda.

Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee polymerization

Ka jawaabaya su'aal ku saabsan waxa chemistry polymerization ah, waxaan la soco in reaction this qaadataa meel hortiisa ah kaaliya (xawaaraha geedi socodka) a.

Homopolymer - xarunta kelli sare, kaas oo la helay ururka of monomers bilaabo isku mid.

Heteropolymer - saarka reaction of dhexgalka qalabkan bilaabo kala duwan.

Dhismaha polymer ah

Marka la eego in polymerization - waa adag habka kiimikada, miisaankiisu kelli ah polymer soo saaray laga yaabaa in heerka a kala duwan. The xeryahooda sare-kelli waa "kooxaha dhamaadka" waxaa laga soo noqnoqda, unugyada kala duwan. kooxaha noocan oo kale ah ee ku jira qaab-dhismeedka polymer ee qadar yar, si aanay u tixgelin nooca falanqaynta ee kiimikaad iyo jirka oo ah walaxda polymeric ka dhalanaya.

polymerization cationic

Waa maxay nooca polymerization cationic? Marxaladani waxay qaadataa meel sarkhaansan acid Lewis ah (isku dar of chloride aluminium, fluoride boron, acid) by farsamo taas oo la mid ah habka of Intaa waxaa dheer electrophilic u double bonds (double).

Bilowga hore, Intaa waxaa dheer in ay proton alkenes, oon la xirrira carbocation ah.

Dheeraad ah, ay sabab u tahay isgaarsiinta elektiroonigga ah, ay timaado la Britain kale oo alkene ah, iyadoo ay sabab u carbocation ah waxaa la aasaasay isagoo silsilad dheer.

Ku celcelinta geedi socodka dhacdaa, oon la xirrira carbocation a isagoo miisaanka sare kelli.

itimaalka A sare ee failure of xarunta cationic ah, taas oo la keeni kara kala ka proton reer Britain ah.

tusaalooyin

Ha ka fikiro si aynu su'aasha ah waxa chemistry polymerization ah. Tusaalooyinka habka this waxaa la siiyaa ku salaysan polymerization isobutylene ah. Geedi socodka baxa via farsamo cationic ah, tan iyo electron-deeq soo bandhigaan kooxda alkyl ah.

Formation silsilad polyisobutylene dhacdaa, sidaa darteed waxa la aasaasay dhamaadka carbocation ugu xasiloon. Sidaas darteed, waxaa jira nidaam "madaxa si badhidii" darsanka ah.

In qabashada dhexgalka kiimikada, ficil ahaan aan hortiisa ka biyo, waxaa jira formation of a polymer isagoo silsilad dheer.

Waa maxay polymerization fasalka wakiil ah Consort roodhida? Haddii Hannaan la doortay , xoog sulfuric acid, ayaa lagu arkay ka dib markii formation of ey isku polymerization laba dimers ah. Ka dib waxaa la isku xidhan by laba taagoo of isobutylene, circuit furan dhacdaa. In this dhexe oo adag (carbo) siiya biyaha proton ay ka hor waxaa galaa dhexgalka Britain kale oo alkene ah roodhida.

polymerization The anionic

Waa maxay polymerization ku anionic ee noocyada a? Hannaanku wuxuu ku lug polymerization alkene mid ka mid dhamaadka curaarta badan ah. Polymerization waa suurto gal in weerarka ee Britain alkene reagents nucleophilic qaarkood ah.

Tusaale ahaan, amide-anion sameynayso la bond akrilonitratom double, taasoo keentay carbanion sameeyay, taas oo ay amarka u xun waa kooban u dhexeeya cyanide iyo eb carbon. Haddii adag waa mid deggan waa la helay, waxaa la arkay soo socda Britain alkene goysiga ah.

Dillaacda suurto gal ah in dareen koraya silsilad taasoo keentay in tirtiridda dhamaadka on amarka xun ee silsilad carbon ah.

polymerization xagjirka ah oo lacag la'aan ah

habka loo polymerization ethylene dhici kartaa in joogitaanka peroxides (at cadaadis sii kordhaya iyo heerkulka sare). joojinta Chain kor u recombination ama disproportionation xag.

Silsilada hydrocarbon of polyetylen waa ethylene dhowr cutub dhismaha. Waa qaab-dhismeedka this tilmaamay guryaha qiimo sare miisaanka xeryahooda kelli ay gacan ay codsi ballaaran ee soo saaridda ee baakada film scale warshadaha. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, polyetylen loo baahan yahay in la abuuro waxyaabaha ay wax taaj oo kale, oo loo shubay.

In the case of noocyada xagjirka ah oo lacag la'aan ah polymerization kordhaya dhamaadka alkene ka qaloocan waxaa loo soo bandhigi doono qaab a xagjirka ah deggan, iyo geeddi-socodka waxaa wakiil nooca "madaxa si badhidii".

In polymerization isobutylene iyo propylene ma aha hab xagjirka ah oo lacag la'aan ah. All of polymers soo saaray in industry kiimikada, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in laamaha kala duwan ee injineernimada, farmashiyaha iyo daawo. The polymers ugu badan ka taxane ethylene Consort roodhida diyaariyey waa polyetylen laftiisa, iyo sidoo kale ay homologue - propylene.