Maxaa khamrada 12 sano da 'ka wanaagsan?

Khamrada ama brass waa mid ka mid ah ruuxyada ugu caansan dunida oo dhan. Its caraf udgoon iyo dhadhanka waxaa la abuuray isticmaalaya noocyo kala duwan oo la xidhiidha geedi socodka saarka, taas oo keeni in cabniinka, kaas oo dad diyaar u yihiin in ay bixiyaan lacag aad u badan. Waxaa la soo saaray ka dalagyada sida galley, oo shaciir ah, galley, oo sarreen ah, iyo xataa kaleh. xoog sharaabka kala duwanaan karaa 32 ilaa 50%. Dhaqan ahaan, waxaa la soo saaray ee Ireland iyo Scotland.

Taariikhda cabniinka

Halkee waxaa markii ugu horeysay ka dhigay goryachitelny cabitaan this? Jawaabta su'aashan waa inaan laga helin, laakiin Ireland iyo Scotland ay isu arkaan in ay ku dhashay ee khamrada iyo iyaga dhexdooda ka doodaan oo ahaa ugu horeeyay ee kiiskan. Scotland sheegan waxa ay bedelay ee geedi socodka hore ee canab waayo, shaciirku. Cabitaanada keentay waxay u bixiyeen "biyaha nolosha". Laakiin Irish ku odhan ay gargaare, Saint Patrick, Abuurtay karinayo oo bilaabay inuu diyaariyo khamrada xaqa ah iyaga at jasiiradda. wax soo saarka Mass bilaabeen in Biyac Scottish iskooj, waxaa la si gaar ah loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin caafimaad. Laakiin beerreydii waxay qaateen waayo-aragnimo ah ee suufiyadoodii ah, oo waxay bilaabeen in ay soo saaraan for sale. cabniinka Tani waxaa ka badan sida diyaarid ah, ma taagnaan kari waayeen, oo cab isla markiiba ka dib muxaadaro. In warshadaha ee XIX qarnigii aqalada heerka ku xiga tegi karin by rakibidda Coffey, taas oo ka caawisay in ay si weyn u kordhiyo mugga ee alaabta soo saaray. Tan iyo waqti in wax soo saarka warshadaha ee wax soo saarka this, waxaa jira shirkado ku takhasusay oo kaliya in ay wax soo saarka. In waqtigeena, Scotland iyo brass-Irish waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay ugu fiican. Khamrada 12 sano ah ee gabow lagu qiimeeyaa adduunka oo dhan.

Noocyada "biyaha nolosha"

Waxaa jira sida soocidda khamrada ah:

1. Malt - waxaa laga dhigay oo keliya ka malt shaciir ah, oo aan nijaasta ahaa kasta. waxaa sidoo kale ka kala jeedo galay:

• malt (macmalay by distillery isla);
• cask Single (khamrada, kaas oo laga soo qaatay mid ka mid ah foosto);
• cask Quarter (ka foosto oo geedkii American iyo size yar sameeyey qaadan kaliya cabniin ah);
• malt Vatted (koollo leh isku dar ah ee distilleries kala duwan).

2. Midho - waxa uu ku dhowaad dhammaan khamrada milmay, kaliya jajab yar dhaco on sale ee tafaariiqda. Noocan oo aan lagu daro leedahay ma lahan dhadhan. Inta badan waxaa la isticmaalaa sida qalabka warshadaha sida xawliga ah u wax soo saarka ee noocyo kale oo ah cabitaan ah.

3. Mixed - cabniin ah, kaas oo la helay ku khalda (qasayso) ee malt iyo badarka cajalad noocyada. 90% wax soo saarka guud ee lagu tiriyaa by noocan ah. Haddii ay tahay content sare ee malt, cabitaan this ayaa xaaladda "Lux".

4. "Bourbon" - recipe Maraykan ah, kaas oo ku lug leh wax soo saarka ee khamrada ka hadhuudh, iyo waxa uu leeyahay technology u gaar ah.

technology-saarka

wax soo saarka ee cabitaan this u qaybsan yahay marxaladaha sida:

1. Diyaarinta malt shaciir - marxaladan, oo shaciir ah la farsameeyo. Isaga oo u baahan in ay kala soocaan, nadiif ah oo qallalan. Ka dib markii in, waxaa la qooyay iyo faafin on hoose ee dhirta malting ilaa 10 maalmood. Marka sprouts hadhuudhka, waxaa la soo diray for qalajiyo. Sida ay muuqato malt. Of miraha non-ubaxaystay dhigi khamrada hadhuudh.

2. qallajinta - habka of qalajiyo malt ah, taas oo dhacda by qiiqa kulul ka sari ee dhuxusha, Peat ama qoryo Beech faaradda. Sida ay soo baxday, "sigaar cabbin hadhuudh." Talaabadan waxaa loo isticmaalaa oo kaliya in Scotland, taas oo ku siinayaa iskooj dhadhan ka qayb this ee UK.

3. Wort Production - qalajiyey malt waxaa beddelay bur iyo kiciyey biyo. Isku dar ah Tani waxaa difaacay 8-12 saacadood.

4. Khamiirinta, ama halsano - marka johannesört la qaboojiyey, khamiir lagu darayaa in ay ku riday meel diiran (35-37 digrii) muddo laba maalmood ah. Xoog ee sharaabka keentay gaaro 5%.

5. muxaadaro - 5% cabitaan laba jeer ama saddex jeer debeda. Ka dib markii muxaadaro hore oo kale, dareeraha qalcaddayda 25-30%, ka dib markii labaad - 70%. Waayo, isticmaalka dheeraad ah oo kaliya ayaa qaadandoona cabniinka oo la barwaaqaysan dhexe ee habka muxaadaro ah. Qaabka uu leeyahay qalab muxaadaro ah waa mid gaar ah distillery kasta, maadaama ay tani si weyn u saamaysaa dhadhanka khamrada ah. sharaabka keentay waxaa qasi jiray biyo, iyo xooggaaga oo waa la dhimay si 50-64%.

6. gaadhista - khamrada taagan in foosto oo geedkii ku. Haddii foosto this of Sherry ka timaada Spain, waa heleen sharaabka tayo leh. Laakiin waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa oo foosto oo geedkii ku American, kaas oo lagu hayay "bourbon".

7. qasayso - Heerkan waxa loo isticmaalaa cajalad isku qasan. Markaasuu ku milmaan galay malt iyo hadhuudh hal whiskeys ah in ay leeyihiin heerar kala duwan ee soo-gaadhista (3 sano). Ka dib markii in, ay ku kaydsan yihiin muddo laba bilood ah. Laga soo bilaabo mudadaas ku xiran tahay qiimaha cabniinka, haddii dhowr asbuuc oo kaliya, waa raqiis ah, haddii 6-8 bilood - a cabniinka qaali ah oo tayo sare leh.

8. SBI - supernatant khamriga la sifeeyo iyadoo la kaashanayo of warqad xuubka. Heerkulka waa in kala duwan ee 2-10 digrii. Ka dib cajalad this waxaa qasi jiray biyo laga soo qaatay ilaha dabiiciga ah. Haddii sideeda oo ka mid ah isku dar ah ee khamrada 12 sano ah ee gabow, waxaa lagu darayaa in ay magaceeda De luxe, in uu yahay, waa cabitaanka ugu sareeya tayo leh.

dheer dulqaadashada

In 1860, sharciga waxaa loo soo saaray in Scotland, taas oo uu sheegay in khamriga waa in lagu hayaa ugu yaraan 3 sano. Haddii iskooj malt aan loogu talagalay qasayso, waxaa la fulinayaa inta u dhaxaysa 5 iyo 20 sano. Khamrada 12 sano ah ee gabow loola jeedaa noocyo asalka ah, '21 - ururiyaha ah. The kala duwan naadir ku kaydsan yihiin in foosto ilaa 50 sano. In Ireland, muddada ugu badan waa 5 sano, ee Kanada - 6.

Khamrada "Chivas Regal"

brand Tan waxaa loo suuq by khamriga raaxo ee Scotland. Aasaasayaasha shirkadda "Chivas" waxay ahaayeen laba walaalo ah, John iyo Dzheyms Chivasy soo laabtay 1801. Waxay dareentay in Scotland jiro khamrada lahayn, taas oo awoodi doonaan in ay leeyihiin xaaladda aqoonyahanada ah. Sidaa darteed, waxay go'aansadeen in ay si shakhsi ah loo abuuro brand sharaabka ah. cajalad cusub ee abuuray ayaa ahayd mid aad u wanaagsan, oo si deg deg ah in jacaylka isku dhaceen dadkii ku abtirsan ee Scotland oo dhan. Laakiin walaalaha ma aysan joogsan. Tallaabada raacay ahaa abuurista gaadhista muddo dheer si khamrada Mareykanka dhoofinta. brand Tani ayaa loo magacaabay Chivas Regal 25, iyo waxa si deg deg ah ka guulaystay suuqa American. Laakiin sannadkii 1920, waxaa lagu soo bandhigay dalka Mareykanka sharciga qalalan, oo kala gooyey ganacsiga. Ka dib markii ay la joojiyo shirkadda suuqa soo laabtay hoos brand ee Chivas Regal 12. In waqtigeena, "Chivas Regal" iibiya oo kaliya cabniinka Marexaan. Uu dulqaadashada dheer - ka 12 ilaa 21 sano. Khamrada "Chivas" waxa ay da'doodu u dhaxayso 12 sano ee xaaladaha gaarka ah, iyo waa ugu caansan. Siddeed iyo toban cajalad la abuuray 1997 by Colin Scott iyo abaal farabadan abaalgudyo iyo bilado tayada. Labaatan sano da'doodu tahay 21, waxaa loo loogu talagalay in 1953 oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay dabaaldega ee Elizabeth II. Laakiin weli khamrada "Regal" 12 sano ah ee gabow badan si fudud kor iibsaday ay sabab u tahay qiimaha oo hooseeya iyo tayo wanaagsan leh.

Khamrada "Macallan"

cabniinka Tan waxaa loo sameeyey in aagga of Spey River ee Scotland, taasoo caan ku tahay distilleries ay dunida oo dhan. Tani khamrada oo tayo sare leh, waxaa la fulinayaa casks Sherry. Its feature soocayaa waa muxaadaro soohay, halka caadiga ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa 2 dhabtooda. Aasaasihii shirkadda this waa Aleksandr Rid, kuwaas oo in 1824 heleen ruqsad iyo distillery furay. In sannadihii danbe, ayay repurchased by dadka kala duwan ee gaarka loo leeyahay iyo sharci. In 50-kii sano ee qarnigii labaatanaad, Macallan wuxuu bilaabaa in uu kobo ay wax soo saarka ee dhalooyinka. Markii ugu kaydinta ugu badnaan xarunta this - 30 sano, laakiin khamrada "Macallan" 12 sano ah ee gabow waa ugu caansan oo jeclaa dunida oo dhan.

Khamrada "Aberfeldy"

In tuulo yar, oo ku yaalla buuraha reer Grampian ee Scotland, abuuraya mid ka mid ah whiskeys ugu caansan. Waxay leedahay a color kala, caraf udgoon iyo dhadhanka, taas oo shaki ka dhigaysa in ay u istaagaan ka mid ah kuwa kale oo dhan ka soo. sii daayo hore ee khamrada "Aberfeldy" walaalo Dewar bilaabay 1898. Marka ugu horeysa waxay la qorsheeyay in ay soo saaraan malt joogto ah, laakiin ka dibna go'aansaday in la sameeyo khamrada-hal malt. cabniinka waxa loo adeegsaday sida aasaas u ah ee wata magac kale, laakiin tan iyo 1988 brand asalka shaqeeya oo keliya naftooda on. Khamrada "Aberfeldy" 12 sano iyo 20 sano ah ee gabow ayaa ka guulaystay dunida. Ka dib oo dhan, at distillery this ayaa isku dayaya in ay ka baxsadaan ka casriga ah in ay soo saaraan alaabta iyo cabbi by technology dhaqameed isticmaalaya biyaha ilo buurta hoose oo keliya ka.

Khamrada "Glenfiddik"

Tani khamrada brass (ama cajalad) la sameeyo aagga FIDIC River, oo u dhow halka ay magaalada Daftaun ah. Halkan waxaa la soo saaray noocyo kaliya malt hal of cabitaan this. brand ayaa waxaa la abuuray 1887 by William Grant. Isaga iyo qoyskiisa dhisay distillery ah iyo waxa loo magacaabay ka dib markii dooxada ku taal taas oo lagu dhisay. Ilaa maantadan la joogo,-awoowe William hantidaan wax soo saarka this. In 1957, khamrada wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku shub dhalada gaarka ah ee qaab xagal. Products of distillery this u qaybsan yahay line-classic of kala duwan premium oo kooban. The ugu caansan ee khamrada - "Glenfiddik" 12 sano ah ee gabow - waxaa loola jeedaa classic ah. Waxa kale oo ka mid ah cabitaanka oo ay ku kaydsan yihiin at 15 iyo 18 sano. cabniinka Mixed da'doodu tahay 21 iyo 30, koobnayn - 40 iyo 50 sano.

Khamrada "Balvenie"

Shirkad kale oo laga bilaabo dooxadii webiga Spey ah, ee Scotland. Waxaa la ogaaday in 1892 by isla William Grant oo helay magaca qalcaddii, oo ku yaalla dhow. In dhulka hoostiisa, oo uu wax cabbo ayuu istaagay, dabaqa dhulka jiray dukaan oo shaciir malting waxaa ku kaydsan labaad, kaas oo la koray ee degmada. In 1973, brand ah "Balvenie" waxay bilaabeen inay soo saaraan khamrada dhalada. Waxaa la qaybsan joogto ah oo kooban. Khamrada "Balvenie" 12 sano ah ee gabow la xidhiidha labada hore iyo nooca labaad. Waxaa oo dhan waxay ku xiran tahay in, waxa uu istaagay oo foosto.

isticmaalka

Irish iyo Scotland waxay leeyihiin caadooyin u gaar ah in isticmaalka khamrada. Marka hore waxa ay marna waxaa la badhxay, iyo kii labaad oo shan gaar ah dhaqan «S» eeg, urta, caraf, xaliyo iyo biyo firdhadaan. Waxay aaminsan yihiin in this caawin doonaan in ay si buuxda u la kulmaan dhadhanka khamrada oo dhan iyo Raaxo Tan ugu badan ka hesho. Khamrada 12 sano ah ee gabow waxaa aad u jecel yahay iyo mahad meelahakan. Waa tayo aad u sarreeya, iyo iibsashada ma aha sidaas u badan dadaal on miisaaniyadda qoyska.

Sayidka, khamrada - waa cabitaan leh dhadhan gaar ah iyo urta, oo quluubta malaayiin qof oo ku guuleystay. Dalkiisa waxaa loo arkaa Scotland iyo Ireland. Ka dhig cabniinka 3 ilaa 50 sano, waxa go'aaminaya ay tayada iyo qiimaha. Khamrada 12 sano ah ee gabow waa nooca ugu badan oo ah cabitaan this.