Mariya Kyuri. Maria Sklodowska-Curie: Biography A. University Marii Kyuri in Lublin

Back ee qarnigii 20aad, dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka ka hor, markii qiyaasay oo si tartiib ah hooraya Mudanayaal mar soo xirtay corsets, iyo dumarka horey u guursaday, lahaa in ay sii kor u saftay (beer iyo in ay guriga joogaan), Kyuri Mariya waxaa la guddoonsiiyey labada abaal-marinno Nobel: in 1908 - in physics, in 1911 - in kiimikada. Waxay ku qaaday badan oo hore oo kale, laakiin laga yaabee ugu muhiimsan - waa in Mary ayaa kacaan dhab ah miyir dadweynaha. Dumarka kadib markii ay geesinimo galay sayniska oo aan wax cabsi ah oo ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah bulshada sayniska, oo ka kooban wakhtigaas raggii, Jees jees ee xisbiga. qofka la yaabka leh waxay ahayd Mariya Kyuri. Biography hoos aad ka dhaadhiciyo doonaa of this.

asal ahaan

Magaca gabadhii naagta ahaa Sklodowska. Aabaheed, Vladislav Sklodovsky, iyo qalin wakhtigiisa St. Petersburg Jaamacadda. Oo isna wuxuu Warsaw soo laabtay baro xisaabta iyo physics ee dugsiga sare. Xaaskiisa, Bronislava, ku jira guri marti la diiwaan gelinta gabdhaha iskuulka. Waxay ka caawiyay agagaarka ninkeeda, boqradeen dareen akhriska. All in qoyska lahaa shan carruur ah. Maria Sklodowska-Curie (Manya magaceeda sida ilmo) - yaraa.

Warsaw carruurnimada

Her carruurnimada waxaa qufaca hooyada. Bronislaw soo gaartay cudurka qaaxada. Waxay ku dhintay Mary markii ahaa sano oo kaliya 11 jir. Xiisaha iyo awoodda si ay u bartaan duwan Sklodowska dhammaan carruurta, iyo Manu ahaa suurtogal aheyn in ay ku jeexjeexi buugga iska. Aabbihiis dhiirigelinayaa sida kari iyo kacsi xaaraan ah barashada carruurtooda. Waxa kaliya ee in la laayo iyo qoyska, - baahida loo qabo in wax ka baran in Ruush. In photo kor ku xusan - guriga, taas oo uu ku dhashay iyo ku qaatay iyada carruurnimada Maria. Haddaba halkan waa matxaf.

Xaaladda Poland

Poland waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah Empire Ruush ah. Sidaa darteed, oo dhan naxwaha gacanta saraakiisha Ruush, arko in alaabta oo dhan waxay ahaayeen afka ee boqortooyada. Caruurta ahaayeen xataa salaadda Catholic akhriyey Ruush, laakiin ma aha in iyaga u gaar ah, halkaas oo ay ku tukaday oo la hadlay guriga. Vladislav sababta oo ah waxa ay inta badan niyad jab. Ka dib oo dhan, mararka qaarkood bir ah, oo wanaagsan at xisaabta, taas oo si fiican u xalliyo dhibaatooyinka kala duwan Polish, oo dhan lama filaan ah "Tupelo" marka loo baahan yahay in ay u baddashaan Ruush, oo isagu ma uu ogaan lahaa. Tan iyo carruurnimada, goortay arkeen dulli oo dhan this, Maria noloshiisa mustaqbalka oo dhan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida dadka degganba kale ee Qaranka, bakhtiistay waqti gooni ahaa waddani kulul oo xubin ka ah baab'iya ku fraternities Polish PSG.

Walaalo ah qancinta

Gabadha ahayn wax fudud si ay u koraan oo aan hooyo. Aabaha had iyo jeer ku mashquulsan shaqada, macalimiinta siiye ah ee dugsiga sare ... Manya saaxiibada ugu la xabada, walaashiis. Waxay ku heshiiyeen in ay gaaraan in ay noqon doonaan kuwa la hubo in ay sii bartaan, ka dib markii dhamaadka gymnasium ah. In Warsaw, waxbarashada sare waxay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn si aad u hesho in halka dumarkii, si ay ku riyoon jiray Sorbonne ah. Heshiiska wuxuu ahaa sida soo socota: Dharka xabada ugu horeysay bilaabi doonaan waxbarashadooda sida iyadu waa ka weyn. Laakiin Manya heli doonto lacag iyada waxbarashada. Markii ay barteen ku saabsan dhakhtarka, isla markiiba bilaabmaa si ay u bartaan Manya iyo walaasheed caawin doonaa iyada sida ugu badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay ka leexatay in riyadii of Paris ayaa dib ku dhawaad 5 sano.

Job governess

Manya in ay guryaha ka mid ah Pike, reer binu ah nin oday maxaliga ah ee hodanka yimid governess. Milkiilayaasha ma uusan mahad maanka dhalaalaya oo gabadha. Tallaabo kasta, waxay iyadii siisay si ay u fahmaan in ay kaliya addoon saboolka ah. Gabar Pike The ku noolaa adag, laakiin waxay ahayd mid la il daran aawadood oo ah xabada. Labada walaalo oo ka qalin jabisay dugsiga sare bilad dahab ah. Brother Yusef (sidoo kale, kadis ah, biladda dahabka ah) u baxay inuu Warsaw, wuxuu galay kulliyadeeda Caafimaadka. Elia ayaa sidoo kale heshay bilad ah, laakiin sheegashada iyada ahaayeen suubban. Waxay go'aansatay in ay la aabbeheed joogaan si ay u ordaan dhaqaalaha. walaashay 4-tii ilmo ku dhintay qoyska, markii ay weli noolaa, hooyadeed. Guud ahaan, Vladislav unbaa ku faani karno carruurta ay ka harsan tahay.

lover ugu horeysay ee

Shan carruur ahaayeen shaqeeyayaasha Maria. Waxay baray ka yar, laakiin inta badan fasax booqday Kazimierz wuxuu ahaa curadkii. Waxa uu soo dhowaadeen inay la governess aan caadi ahayn sida an dareenka. Waxaa kasoo muuqday madaxbannaani weyn. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay ahayd gabar waqti in uu yahay oo aan caadi ahayn, waxaa barafka, iyo sidoo kale maamula la seebab, si farsamo wanaagsan ugaga xeerarka iyo markabka fuulay. Oo weliba, sida markii dambe iyadu qirtay Kazimierz, aad u jeclaan of gabayada qorayey iyo akhriska buugaagta xisaabta, taas oo u muuqatay in ay iyada gabayada.

Inta u dhaxaysa dadka dhallinyarada ah muddo ka dib waxaa jiray dareen kiciyo. Manu muquurtay quusan by xaqiiqada ah in waalidka uu lover iskibriya Marnaba kuma aanan oggolaan inuu sii xirayaan qaddar la governess ah. Kazimierz in fasaxa xagaaga iyo fasaxyada yimid, iyo inta kale ee wakhtiga ayay ku noolaa a filayo shirka. Laakiin hadda waa wakhtigii la fariisto oo taga si Paris. Manya tagay Pike qalbi culus - sii hore Kazimierz iyo shiday, jacaylkaagii hore sano.

Markaas, marka nolosha 27-sano jir ah Maria noqon doonaa Per Kyuri, markiiba way ogsoon in uu aamin ah u ninkeeda noqon doonaa. Waxyaabaha ay noqon doontaa kala duwan ee kiiska isaga la - aan riyooyin rabshad iyo dareenka dillaaca. Waxaa laga yaabaa in Mary kaliya uu helo ka weyn?

Device ee Paris

Waxay soo gaaray 1891 in France. Hubkiisa iyo ninkeeda, Kazimierz Dlusskiy sidoo kale soo shaqeeyay sida dhakhtar, waxay bilaabeen in ay is ogow iyada of. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Maria qiyaano (ee Paris, waxay bilowday inay nafteeda wac Marie) this soo horjeeda. Waxay off qaatay iyada oo kujirta qolkeeda gaarka ah, oo ku qoran Sorbonne ah, in kuliyadda cilmiga dabiiciga ah. Marie degay Paris ee Quarter Latin. Maktabadaha, laboratories, iyo jaamacadaha waa albaabka intii iyaga ku xigtayna. Dlusskiy caawiyay walaashiis in ay hoos u off gaari gacanta alaabtaada naagtiisa suubban. Marie resolutely diiday si ay u degaan leh gabar qaar ka mid ah si ay u bixiso qolka yar - waxay doonayeen si ay ula soo daahay iyo aamusnaanta ka qabtaan. Its miisaaniyadda ahaa ee 1892, 40 rubles, ama 100 faran bil ah, E. 3 yar Franc ah maalin kasta ie.. Oo waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in ay bixiyaan for qolka, dharka, cuntada, buugaagta, buugaagta iyo tababar Jaamacadda ... Waxay hagaajiyeen cuntadaada. Oo markay u shaqaysay aad u adag, ugu dhakhsaha badan uu xaq ahu suuxay fasalka. Fasalka u ordeen inay weydiistaan caawimaad si ay Dlusskiy. Oo haddana waxay qaateen isaga u Mary si ay u bixin karo yar ee guryaha iyo si habboon u cuni.

Yiqiin la Pierre

Mid ka mid ah fasalka Mary iyada lagu casuumay in ay soo booqdaan jirka dadka caanka ka Poland. Markaasuu ugu horeysay sheegtay in ay aragtay ninkii u sheegtay kii ay markii dambe ku Qaddarray inuu ku guuleysto aqoonsi caalami ah. Inkastoo gabadha ahayd 27, iyo Pierre - 35 sano. Marka Marie galay qolka fadhiga, wuxuu istaagay iridda balakoonka. Waxay isku dayeen in ay fiiriyaa, oo qorraxduna tiray iyada. Sidaas awgeed, waxaan la kulmay Mariya Sklodovskaya iyo Per Kyuri.

Pierre waxaa u huray in sayniska qalbigayga oo dhan. Waalidiinta isku dayday dhowr jeer in ay isaga soo bandhigo in qof dumar ah, laakiin mar walba in aan micne lahayn - waxay dhammaan u muuqdeen inay isaga caajiso, doqon iyo yaryar. Oo habeenkaas, hadlaya Marie, wuxuu ogaaday in uu helay wada siman. Waqtigaas, ayay qaadeen shaqada, amar ku bixiyay in iyada Society for dhiirigelinta of Warshadaha Qaranka, guryaha magnetic of fasalada steel kala duwan. Marie kaliya bilaabay in ay barato shaybaarka ee Hugo Liepmann. Oo wuxuu iyaga gadaal ka soo shaqeeyay ee School of Physics iyo Chemistry ee Pierre ayaa cilmi-baaris ku saabsan magnetism iyo xataa iyaga, "Curie" furo. Dadka da'da yar hadli lahaa ku saabsan. Pierre Marie kaxaystay hor in aroor hore u baxay inuu beeraha si ay u soo qaado daisies oo uu jecel yahay.

arooska

Pierre iyo Marie July 14, 1895 waxay wada guursadeen oo tegey xagga Ile-de-France on Malabka. Oo iyana waxay halkaas ka akhrisan, fuushan baaskiilada, wada hadlaan mowduucyo cilmiyaysan. Pierre xataa aawadood oo uu naagtiisa dhallinyarada bilaabay inuu baro afka Polish ...

shir muhiim ah

Waqtiga dhalashada Irène gabadhooda ugu horeysay, xaaskaaga Marie ayaa difaacay sida uu sha phD iyo xaaskiisa ugu horeysay ka qalin in uu edition of Jaamacadda Sorbonne ah. Dhamaadkii 1897, cilmi baaris ku magnetism ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey iyo Kyuri Mariya bilaabay raadinaya topic sha a. Wakhtigan lamaanaha la kulmay Anri Bekkerelem, jirka dadka. Waxa uu furay sanad ka hor in xeryahooda uranium dhaadheer shucaaca oo si qoto dheer guskiisa. Waxay ahayd, in la barbardhigo X-ray, hantida uranium qoyska. Kyuri Mariya, kaxaystay by ugub ah dahsoon, ay go'aansadeen in ay sahamiyaan. Pierre hoos gelin shaqadooda si si ay naagtiisii u caawiyaan.

Furitaanka hore iyo abaal marinta Nobel Prize

Pierre iyo Mariya Kyuri ee 1898 furay 2 xubno cusub. Qofka ugu horeeya ee ay u yeedheen Polonium (ka dib markii Marie ee dalkiisa, Poland), iyo labaad - radium. Tan iyo markii ay ma si gaar ah mana ka mid element kale toona, waxaa laga heli karin caddeynta farmashiye jiritaanka ay. Oo 4 sano ee soo socota lamaanaha la bixiyay radium iyo polonium ka ore uranium. Pierre iyo Mariya Kyuri subaxda ilaa shaqada habeenkii ee barn schelyastom bandhigi shucaaca. Lamaanahan ayaa la gubo hor ogaaday cilmiga khatarta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay go'aansadeen in ay iyaga sii! Xaaska in September 1902 helay 1/10 oo garaam ah ee chloride radium. Laakiin Polonium ay ku guuldareystay in la kala saaro - sida ay uga leexatay, waxay ahayd wax soo saarka ee bololka radium. Heat iyo luminescence buluug timaada cusbo radium. Waxaa soo jiitay dareenka dunida waa wax cajiib ah. Bishii December 1903 lamaane waxaa la guddoonsiiyey oo kaashanaysa Becquerel Nobel Prize in physics. Kyuri Mari ahayd haweeneydii ugu horreysay yaa helay!

khasaare ninkeedu

gabadhii labaad, Eve, waxa uu ku dhashay iyaga bishii December 1904. By waqtiga xaaladda dhaqaale ee qoyska ayaa aad u soo hagaagtay. Pierre noqday professor a of physics at Sorbonne ah, iyo xaaskiisa shaqeeyey iyada oo madaxa ninkeeda of shaybaarka. dhacdo A cabsi badan ka dhacay April 1906. dhimashada Pierre ayaa hoos u keenay markabka. Maria Sklodowska-Curie, badiyay ninkeeda, iyo saaxiibkayga ugu wanaagsan, wuxuu ahaa niyad muddo dhowr bilood ah.

The labaad Nobel Prize

Laakiin nolosha tegey. Haweenay inuu diirada saaro qoondaynta of radium macdan ah ee ay foomka saafi ah, ma xeryahooda ay. Waxay helay walax this ee 1910 (oo ay iskaashanayaan A. Debirnom). Mariya Kyuri u helay oo cadeeyay radium in - element ah kiimikada. Her, waayo xitaa doonayay in ay qaataan oo xubin ka ah Academy Faransiis ee Sciences ka dib guul weyn, laakiin dooda ku biloowday, waxaa bilaabay jirrabayeen oo saxaafada, iyo ugu danbeyn ku guuleystay machismo. In 1911, Marie waxaa la guddoonsiiyey 2aad Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Waxay noqday qaataha ugu horeeyay ee la laba jeer waxaa la siiyay.

Shaqooyinka Radievskom Institute

Waayo, cilmi shucaaca la aasaasay Institute Radievsky yar dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka ka hor. Curie halkan ka shaqeeyey beertii ku shucaaca cilmi aasaasiga ah iyo codsiyada caafimaad. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka ayay u tababaran raajada caafimaad military, tusaale ahaan, in lagu ogaado in jirkaaga ee firirka by X-rays, bixisey qaadi karo mashiinada X-ray safka hore. Irene, gabadheeda, waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dhakhaatiirta, taas oo ay ku baray.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

Xataa in sano ka dib waxa ay sii waday hawlo ay Mariya Kyuri. Biography kooban oo ka mid ah sannadahan waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay sida soo socota: iyadu shaqeeyay dhakhaatiirta, ardayda qoro waraaqaha cilmi, iyo sidoo kale sii daayay Biography ah ninkeeda. Marie safray Poland, taas oo ugu dambeyntii ay xornimada. Waxay sidoo kale soo booqday Maraykanka, halkaas oo ay la kulmeen guuleed iyo meeshay u soo bandhigay in ay sii wadaan garaam ku tijaabiyaan 1 of radium (ay ku kacayso, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, oo u dhiganta qiimaha badan 200 kg oo dahab ah). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, is dhexgalka ee walxaha shucaaca dhigay laftiisa dareemay. Her caafimaadka xumaatay, iyo July 4, 1934 Kyuri Mariya ka leukemia dhintay. Tani waxay dhacday Alps Faransiis ah, isbitaal yar oo ku yaalla Sansellemoze.

University Marii Kyuri in Lublin

In Curies sharaf u yeedhay curium element kiimikada (№ 96). Oo magaca naag weyn Maryan derdertay magaca Jaamacadda Lublin (Poland). Wuxuu ka mid ahaa ugu weyn ee Poland, machadyada tacliinta sare ka tirsan gobolka waa. University of Marii Kyuri-Sklodowska University aasaasay 1944, ee hore waxaa ka mid ah taallo, ka muuqata sawirka kor ku xusan. Raktarka hore iyo qabanqaabiyaha of machadkan waxbarasho noqday Associate Professor Genrih Raabe. Maanta, waxa uu ka kooban yahay ka dib markii 10 kulliyadood:

- Chemistry.

- Biology iyo bayotechnoolajiyadda.

- Arts.

- Humanities.

- Falsafadda iyo Sociology.

- Waxbarasho iyo Psychology.

- Earth Sciences iyo astaanta Qorshaynta.

- Xisaabta, Physics iyo Aqbaarta.

- Xuquuqda iyo maamul.

- Cilmiga Siyaasadda.

- Waxbarasho iyo Psychology.

University of Marii Kyuri doortay si ay u bartaan in ka badan 23.5 kun oo arday, 500 oo iyaga ka mid ah -. Ajaanibta.