Subtilis Bacillus: sharaxaad kooban

Ka mid ah microbes waa mid caadi ah ee dabiiciga ah, waxa ay khuseysaa bakteeriyada this. Bacillus Hay waxaa la tilmaamay in 1835. Horyaalka waxa uu ka helay noole ah in ay asal ahaan go'doonsan ka pereprelogo hay. In shaybaarka ee hay a weel xidhay la kariyey ee dareeraha ah ka dibna riixay laba ama saddex maalmood. Ka dib markii deegaanada foomkan Bacillus Subtilis. Sayidka bilaabay baadhitaan faahfaahsan ee faafitaanka bakteeriyada.

waxbarasho

In sayniska halkaas waa erey - "model u shaqeeyo". Marka wakiillo nooca lagu doorto waxbarasho degdeg ah oo ka mid ah geedi socodka, guryaha, waayo, tijaabooyinka sayniska. A tusaale duwanyihiin - ciliate-kabaha, oo waa la yaqaan noogu soo fasalka bayoolaji.

subtilis Bacillus - sida u shaqeeyo model ah. Thanks iyada inay si fiican bartay formation spore in Bacillus. Iyadu waa nidaam lagu fahmo hab ay of flagella bakteeriyada, door daraasadda ee genetics kelli.

Seynisyahanno ku qaatay on beerista of tijaabo Bacillus Subtilis u dhow xaaladaha weightless by baranayay isbedelka ku dhacay dadka reer genomes. Oo sheyga loo isticmaalo daraasadda of saamaynta shucaaca meel, kartidooda qabsiga isaga ku noolaha duur-joogta. On tusaale ahaan ka mid ah waxbarashada waxaa macquul ah bakteeriyada Bacillus hay nool shuruudaha meerayaasha kale ee nidaamka qoraxda (hadda bixinaya fiiro dheeraad ah si ay u Mars).

sifooyinka kooban

bakteeriyada Bacillus Hay waa qaab si toos ah iyo elongated, soo koobay dhamaadka blunt, guud ahaan midab. dhexroor celceliska - 0.6 microns, oo dhererkeeduna wuxuu safafka - 8.3 microns. Under-beegyada kuwan, Bacillus hay microscope ku dhammaataan suurto gal ka yar in la tixgeliyo oo xataa sawir ku qaad, iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab casri ah. Bacillus mobile si ay flagella mahad. Waxay ku koraan on dusha sare ee gacanta, iyo waxa lagu arki karaa sawirada.

degaanka

Bacillus Hay dhaqan ahaan loo aaneeyey inay u microbes ciidda. Waxay ka dibna uu helo on caleemaha dhirta, miraha, khudaarta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay ka dhacdaa hawada ee ciidda, in dhexdhexaad ah aqueous. Xitaa qeybta ah microflora xiidmaha ee xayawaanka iyo bini'aadanka. Waxa uu yeesho marka heerkulku +5 in +45 degrees Celsius (loogama - ee gobolka 30).

subtilis Bacillus. dhalmo

Like bakteeriyada tarmaa kale by qeybinta fudud unugyada (gaadhya). organisms New loo sameeyay iyadoo ay sabab u kala qaybsameen noocan oo kale ah in kala bar, marar badan ayaa weli ku xiran iyaga dhexdooda dun. xeryahooda Kuwaasi waa si fudud u garan on sawiro ah.

subtilis Bacillus spore hore iska leh. Tani waxay fursad si ay u noolaadaan haddii ay dhacdo xaalad allifey oo nolosha. sporulation Bacillus bilaabmaa, waxyaabaha gacanta keensataa dhismeedka hadhuudhka. Qaar ka mid ah badar ah, sida caadiga ah qaybta dhexe, wuxuu bilaabaa inuu kici, qolof adag daboolay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira waa u baabba 'oo ka mid ah xuubka unug asalka ah. Geedi socodka la dhamaystiro finalka jiidaya bii'adda dibedda ee kudka sifo. Mid ka mid ah unugyada ka dib markii horyaalka heerka waligiiba awooda in formation of kudka, kuwaas oo intooda badan waxay leeyihiin qaab a fekrado ama gadood. Waxay xad iska caabiya arrimaha dibadda iyo in la kordhiyo heerkulka yihiin - tusaale ahaan, adkeysan karaan kulaylka of 100 degrees Celsius. Characteristically, bakteeriyada ka khilaafaadka taagan iyo awood u leh inay u guurto oo kaliya u muuqdaan in ka ab ka xiga ee noole ah waxaad fartaan Wannaagga.

Waxaa cunaa Bacillus hay ah

Bakteeriyada Tani waa saprophytes, waxay quutaan arrinta organic dhintay. Sida heterotrophs, subtilis Bacillus aan la samaysan karin ka walxaha imanba lagama maarmaanka u ah ay nafaqo. Maxaa yeelay, wuxuu isticmaalaa organic, in la soo saaray by noolaha kale. Laga soo bilaabo tan waxay soo saartaa carbon ee lagama maarmaanka u ah is-dhaafsiga tamarta.

Isha ugu awoodda weyn ee asal ahaan khudradda waa polysaccharides (noqde) iyo xayawaanka (glycogen). In geeddi-socodka ah ee soo saara acids amino, fitamiino, ensaymes iyo antibiotics kala duwan taasi oo ka Avv.

Isdhexgalka la noolaha kale

Tani waxay xakamayn kartaa horumarinta Bacillus-pathogenic oo keeneysa la pathogenic microbes: Salmonella iyo Streptococcus, Staphylococcus iyo "cayayaanka" kale. Tusaale ahaan, ka ab ka badan oo bahal horumarinta reflex a cunista noocyada qaar ka mid ah dhirta. Oo habkan ma aha oo kaliya iyada siiyaa jidh ku vitamins, laakiin waxay keentaa in xaqiiqda ah in si aad u hesho kudka Bacillus Subtilis, kaas oo burburin kara noocyada microflora pathogenic, sii kordhaya ee xasaanad la mid.

Oo weliba, Bacillus this uma shaqayn karo, waayo, cuntada protozoa sida. Tusaale ahaan, bilowgii silsilada cuntada u ekaan karaan sidan oo kale: subtilis Bacillus - ciliate-kabo - nooc ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah mollusk - kalluun - dadka.

pathogenicity

Sida laga soo xigtay kala saaro kala duwan, Bacillus tani ma aha pathogenic aadanaha iyo xayawaanka. Waxaa ka qayb qaadashada habraaca ku dheefshiidka cuntada, jabo borotiinka iyo carbohydrates, la dhibtoonaya ka wareer xiidmaha, dubka nuujiya. Cilmi baarayaashu waxay ogaadeen in ka mid ah bakteeriyada, kuwaas oo ah, tusaale ahaan, in nabrihiisu dadka had iyo jeer waa a subtilis Bacillus. Waxay soo saartaa falgalka dumin nudaha dhintay, iyo antibiotics in la xakameeyo sheyga pathogenic, saamayn yar on daawo labada anti-xasaasiyad. Waxaa la xaqiijiyay by sayniska: cabudhibayo bakteeriyada iyo horumarinta waxii jeermis ah inta lagu guda jiro qalliin.

Laakiin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sidoo kale ogsoonow saamaynta xun ee Bacillus ah: keeni karaan xasaasiyad, kaas oo muujiyey in furuuruc jidhka ka mid ah, mararka qaarkood keentaa in cunto lagu sumoobo ka dib markii gubaya cuntada, waxyeello hawlaha muhiimka ah ee noole ah; Waxay keeni kartaa qofka cudurka ku dhaca indhaha u daran.