Liberation of Belarus (1944). War Great Patriotic

Ka dib markii Stalingrad iyo Kursk faa'iido Dabcan ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxaa ugu danbeyn ka adkaaday, Army Red waxay bilaabeen inay la dagaalamaan waayo, dalkoodii. Fiicnaa dhow dhamaadka dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Marka Belarus ahaa tallaabo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan habka ay u guul.

isku day qaboobaha

isku day ugu horeysay ee in la xoreeyo Belarus waxaa loo sameeyey ee xilliga qaboobaha ee 1944. Weerarka jihada of Vitebsk bilaabay horraantii February, laakiinse lagama taaj guusha, horumarka adkeyd bilood iyo badh ah oo aysan awoodin in ay u eegin kiiloomitir toban kaliya.

Waxaan Front Byelorussian, ku shaqeeya ee Minsk iyo jihada Bobruisk, wax tegey waxoogaa fiican, laakiin weli fog cajiib ah. Halkan weerarka bilaabay xitaa ka hor, bilowgii January, iyo horay 14-ka ahaa ee lagaa qaaday Mozyr iyo Kalinkovichi. By guga hore, ciidamada Soviet gudbay Dnieper iyo naasiga oo ku guuleystay 20-25 deegaanka km.

horay Sidaas qofba Ciidanka Cas oo aan la tixgelin karo si gaar ah guul, sidaas dhexe ee guga Taliska Sare ee go'aansaday in dib loo dhigo weerarka. Ciidamada ayaa lagu amray in ay galaan a in jagooyinka degan iyo sugto jeer kaga fiican.

Marka la barbardhigo jihada Belarus, olole baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah xilliga jiilaalka iyo gu'ga ee 1944 uu ahaa guul wayn: cidhifka koonfureed ee hore xadka, dagaalo ayaa la diriray ka baxsan USSR. wax xun tegey on qaybta waqooyi ee hore: Ciidamada Soviet ay awoodaan si ay u gaaraan wax soo saarka ee Dagaalkii Finnish ah. Waayo, in la sii daayo xagaaga of Belarus ayaa la qorsheeyey, ee Jamhuuriyadda Baltic iyo Ukraine dhamaystiran INNING_NUMBER.

dabeecada

safka hore ee BSSR waa jihada a xagga dhererka 1,100 km arc Midowga Soofiyeeti (waslad protrusion). Dhanka waqooyiga, waxaa ku koobnayn Vitebsk, oo ku yaalla koonfurta - Pinsk. Inside lagu bedello, loo yaqaan Shaqaalaha General Soofiyeeti, "qiyaas Belarus", saldhig ciidamada Jarmal - Koox ka mid ah "Center", ay ku jiraan taangiga saddexaad, 2aad, 4aad iyo ciidammada 9aad.

amarka Jarmal siiyey jagooyinka ay Belarus muhiimada istiraatiiji weyn. Waxay jiray ee la baray si ay u difaacaan at kharashka oo dhan, si xornimo ah ee Belarus ma aha cakewalk ah.

Gaar ahaan guga ee 1944, Fuehrer ma qabaa wuxuu ahaa dagaal lumay, waana isu qalbi qaboojiyey la rajada, Mu'minaadka ah in haddii furin muddo, isbahaysiga kala dhici doonaan, oo markaas is dhiibin Midowga Soofiyeeti, daalan by dagaal dheer.

Ka dib markii taxane ah oo hawlaha sirdoonka iyo falanqeeyo xaaladda, Wehrmacht ay go'aansatay in ay sugto ugu dhaqsaha badan waayo, dhib baa soo socota ka Ukraine iyo Romania, si ay u isticmaalaan dhulka horeba dib, Army Red qaban kara dharbaaxo weyn oo ku burburin, iyo xitaa niyad Germany beeraha muhiim ah Ploiesti.

Hanuuniyey by tixgelin kuwan, Jarmalka jiido xagga koonfureed oo ciidanka ugu weyn, ku dooday in xoraynta Belarus tahay inuusan ku bilaaban si ugu dhaqsaha badan, mana gobolka ee ciidamada cadowga toona shuruudaha deegaanka oo dhan ma u leeyihiin in ay weerar.

meel gabasho ah

USSR si taxadar leh dayactiray soo horjeeda ee kuwan aaminsan been ah. In qaybta dhexe dhisay difaaca been ah, Front Yukreeniyaan 3aad nasasho Keeban dhaqdhaqaaqa toban kooxihii lugta, abuuray dhalanteed ah in unugyada gaashaaman ee ku sugan Ukraine, ayaa weli ku sugan meel, halka dhab ahaantii ay si deg deg ah lagu loola cararay qaybta dhexe ee line ee weerarka . Sameeyay khalkhalgelinta been abuur badan oo loogu talagalay in lagu been wargeliyaan cadowga, iyo in waqtigaas in sirta adag waxaa diyaarinaya ah hawlgalka "Bagration": xoraynta Belarus ma ahaa fog.

May 20 Shaqaalaha General dhameystirtay qorshaynta ee xilli ciyaareedka. Sidaas darteed, Taliska Sare ee Soofiyeeti filayo inuu gaaro ujeeddooyinka soo socda:

• dib u riixdo cadowga ka Moscow,
• waslad u dhexeeya kooxaha ciidammadoodu Nazi iyo diidaan iyaga wada hadlaan;
• si ay u bixiyaan saldhig u ah dhigaalka ee saamaynta ku xiga on cadowga.

Si loogu guulaysto, hawlgalka Belarus weerar taxaddar leh loo qorsheeyo, sababta oo ah natiijada ku xiran oo aad u badan, guul furay jidka loo Warsaw, oo sidaas daraaddeed on Berlin. Halganka wajahay halis ah, maxaa yeelay, si loo gaaro himilooyinka, waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in:

• in ay ka gudbaan nidaam qalcad ah cadowga awood
• in uu ku qasbo ah webi ee waaweyn;
• mashquulin jagooyinka istaraatiijiga ah;
• in line ugu gaaban in la xoreeyo ka Minsk naasiga ah.

Qorshuhu wuxuu ogolaaday

22 iyo May 23, qorshaha ayaa la falanqeeyey qayb ka mid ah taliyayaasha Front ka qayb qaatay hawlgalka, iyo 30 laga yaabaa in waxa ugu dambayntii la ansixiyay. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, loo maleeyey:

• "Perforate" ee difaaca Jarmal ee lix boos, iyadoo la isticmaalayo weeraro lama filaan iyo xoog shaqo joojinta,
• Dumiya kooxaha at Vitebsk iyo Bobruisk, taas oo u adeegi jireen sida nooc ka mid ah "baal" of xigtaa ee Belarus,
• ka dib markii ay horay Jid wada in ay qaataan in deegaanka sida ciidamada cadowga waaweyn.

hirgelinta guul qorshaha dhab joojiyo in ciidamada Wehrmacht ee gobolka this iyo awood u xoraynta dhamaystiran oo Belarus: 1944 loo moodayay in ay joojiyaan u adeegsiga jirdilka dadka, hlebnuvshie jahli dagaalka si buuxda.

ka qaybgalayaasha Major in dhacdadan

In ciidamada ku lug weerar weyn ee Dnieper Cutubyo iyo afar jiho: Baltic 1aad iyo saddex Belarus.

Way adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad doorka weyn ka ciyaaray in hirgelinta hawlaha unugyada dhuumaalaysiga ah, iyaga oo aan horumariyo dhaqdhaqaaqa xoreynta Belarus ka duulay faashistihii badan tahay waqti iyo dadaal ka badan ayaa qaadan lahaa. Inta lagu jiro waxa loogu yeero rail dagaal Awliyadiisa u suurtagashay in ay qarxiyaan ku dhowaad 150 kun oo biraha. Tani, dabcan, aad bay u adkaynaysaa nolosha duulay, oo weli weli ayaa bilaabay hoos tareen shil, isgoysyada baabbi'iyey, dekedaha isgaarsiinta oo wuxuu oofin leexsado kale oo badan oo ku dhiirato. Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhexdhexaad ee Belarus ahaa ugu awooda badan ee Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Marka horumariyo "Operation Bagration", gaar ahaan adag tahay in la rumaysan howlgalka of Front 1aad Belorussian hoos Rokossovsky. In deegaanka ee dabiiciga ah jihada Bobruisk aad, ma aysan u muuqan sahla guusha - saaraysa amarka sare iyo mid ka mid ah iyo dhinaca kale ahaa gabi ahaanba loo dhan yahay. Iyo, runtii, weerari isticmaalaya taangiyo iyada oo meelaheeda dhoobada aan la mari karin - dhibaato, si ay u meel dhexaad ah gelin, si dhib macquul ah. Laakiin wax qora shaaca Jarmalka ma fileynin weerar dhinaca this, sababta oo ah jiritaanka biyagaleenka ahuba yaqaan annagaa ka badan ma sii xun. Taasi waa sababta shaqo joojinta waa in la taageera halkan ka.

Miisaanku ciidamada

Lugbuur ku lug xilli ayaa la si weyn u xoogaystay. tareenada ma uusan shaqayn ka cabsi laakiin damiirka: diyaarinta qaadeen kun qalabka iyo dadka - oo dhan waafaqsan sirta adag.

Tan iyo markii kooxda Jarmalka ay go'aansatay in ay xooga saarto ciidamada on qaybta koonfurta, horjeeda Group Army Red Army Jarmal "Center" waxa uu leeyahay jeer dhowr qof ka yar. Against 36,400 qoryaha Soviet iyo madaafiic - 9500 ka dhanka ah 5200 taangiyada iyo qoryaha is-baasuukayaal - 900 taangiyada iyo hubka weerar, dhanka ah 5300 cutubyo Duulista military - iyo 1,350 diyaaradaha.

Markii ugu bilowday hawlgalka lagu hayay qarsoodi ah a si dhow ula Ilaalinna. Ilaa waqtigan oo ugu dambaysa Jarmalka aadan haysan fikrad yar oo ku saabsan xilli ciyaareedka soo socda. Waad qiyaasi kartaa waxa caadi ah kacay markuu aroortii on June 23, "Operation Bagration" ayaa ugu dambeyntii bilaabay.

La yaab leh Fuhrer ah

Abaabulka Lugbuur iyo ciidammadoodii oo ma ay uniform. Tusaale ahaan, xoog saamaynta Baltic 1aad (4-tii Army) ee ma u awoodin inuu burburiyo cadowga la mid caraysan ciribtir. Waayo, maalinta qalliinka waxay awooday in ay ka gudbaan 5 km. Laakiin ilaalada Sixth iyo ciidammadoodii afartan saddexaad maal dhoola caddeeyey, oo waxay ahaayeen "mindi" ee difaaca cadowga iyo Vitebsk ka socday waqooyi-galbeed. Jarmalka ayaa si deg deg ah u gurteen, ka tago ilaa 15 km. In jebinta isla markiiba daadadku taangiga of Corps 1aad.

Ciidamada 3aad Belorussian Front oo ciidanka 39aad iyo 5aad Vitebsk xagga koonfureed laga reebay, si dhib leh ogaaday webiga Luchesa oo u tegey on weerar. Kuleeliyaha qudhiisu xidhay, on maalinta koowaad ee howlgalka, Jarmalka fursad hal kaliya in ay ka baxsadaan jawiga: dvadtsatikilometrovaya of a "waddada" width, waxay ahayd muddo kooban ah, dabin weerar ku xidhay Ostrovno tuulada.

In jihada Orsha askari Soviet marka hore sugayaan failure ah: difaaca Jarmal ee ku yaala goobahan ayaa ahaa mid aad u xoog badan, cadowga xun ba'an iyo hawlkarnimo difaacay kiiska. Isku day in ay lacag la'aan ah Orsha looga dhigay in January iyo guuldareystay. Xilliga jiilaalka, oo dagaalka ku lumay, balse ma waayi dagaalka: "Operation Bagration" ka baxo lahayn qol for failure.

11-th iyo ciidankiisii 31-th maalinta oo dhan ka wada qaatay, si aad u hesho in line labaad ee difaaca Jarmal. Dhanka kale, ee Panzer Army 5aad sugayay in baalasheeda, in ay dhacdo xal guul jihada Orsha ku furay jidka loo Minsk.

Front Belorussian 2aad habsami leh oo si guul leh horumarinta on Mogilev. By dhamaadka maalintii ugu horraysay ee la dagaalanka xilli on bangiyada ee Dnieper ah u suurtagashay in ay qabsadaan Gornadahanaga noogana wanaagsan.

June 24 qalliin in la xoreeyo Belarus iyo bilaabay for Front 1aad Belorussian, taas oo kor u qaaday gaar ah howlgalka la dagaalanka: inuu u dhaqaaqo jihada of Bobruisk. Markaasaa rajaynaynaa in weerar lama filaan ah in ay di'i buuxda: weli, oo dhinacaasna waxaa ka mid ah Jarmalka ma dhib ma filan. line difaaca ay kala firidhsanaa oo yar.

In goobta Parichi group-joojin oo keliya kala jejebiyey 20 km - dhexaysay isla markiiba Gurguurte taangiyada of Corps ilaalada koowaad. Jarmalka ayaa sii Socda inay Bobruisk. eryanayn, ee wax-uqabso ayaa u muuqday June 25 oo ku taalla daafaha magaalada.

In the case of Rogachev xaaladda ugu horeysay degmada ma ahaa si farxad ahaato, oo iyaga cadowgu xoog iska caabiyay, laakiin marka jihada of dhabar jab la diiday xagga woqooyi, wax helay xiiso leh. Oo maalintii saddexaadna waxaa ka dib bilowgii hawlgallada ee Jarmalka Soofiyeeti ogaaday in ay ahayd waqti ay ku baxsadaan, laakiin goor dambe, ka taangiyada Soviet hore u ahaa qoto dheer ee gadaal cadowga. June 27 dabin xidhay. Waxaa soo baxday in ka badan lix kooxihii cadowga, kaas oo laba maalmood ah ayaa gabi ahaanba la burburiyay marayo.

guul

Bilowgii waxa uu ahaa mid aad u deg deg ah. June 26, Army Cas xoreeyay Vitebsk, 27, ka dib markii kulul dagaal naasiga weli ka tagay Orsha, 28, taangiyada Soviet horey u ahaayeen in Borisov, kan kara inuu wada nadiifsan yahay 1-dii July ee.

Near Minsk, Vitebsk iyo Bobruisk ayaa ku dhintay 30 kooxihii cadowga. 12 maalmood ka dib markii uu biloowday howlgalka, ciidamada Soviet hormartay 225-280 km, mid li'I qeybtii breaking of Belarus.

horumarka ka mid ah dhacdooyinka Wehrmacht noocan oo kale ah ma ay diyaar, iyo amarka si toos ah kooxda "Center" ciidanka Qoom oo nidaamsan qaldo. markii qarashka socday muddo saacado ah, iyo mararka qaarkood - daqiiqadii. Marka ugu horeysa, waxaa weli suurto gal ahayd in ay ka fogaadaan Buuloburde ayaa sarre u webiga ka dib markii. Berezina oo halkan abuuraya line cusub ee difaaca. Waa lagama yaabo in ay dhacdo in this xoraynta Belarus qaadan lahaa meel laba bilood. Laakiin Field Marshal W. Bush siiyey amarka on time. Haddii uu iimaanka ku infallibility ee xisaabinta military, Hitler ahaa si xoog leh, in ay jiraan lahaa dhayalsan awoodda cadowga, laakiin waa xagjirnimada ka dib markii amar of Hitler "si ay u ilaaliyaan protrusion Belarus kharash kasta" a iyo dumay ciidamada uu. 40 kun oo askar iyo saraakiil, iyo sidoo kale 11 Guud Jarmal kaas oo ay degan jagooyinka sare, ayaa loo qaaday maxbuus. Natiijadu waxay tahay, daacad ah, ceeb.

Naxdey guulaha cadowga, Jarmalka feverishly bilaabay inuu saxo xaaladda: Bush waxa la saaray bishii Belarus bilaabay inuu jiid xiriir dheeraad ah. Maxaa yeelay, isbeddel, amarka Soviet loo baahan yahay ka dedejisan xaggiisa, oo waxay qaadan Minsk ugu dambayn July 8th. Qorshaha ayaa waxaa ka sii badnayeen 3 of caasimadda ah ee Jamhuuriyadda ayaa la sii daayay, iyo ciidan badan oo Jarmalka (105 kun oo askar iyo saraakiil) bari ee magaalada - hareereeyeen. dalka la soo dhaafay kaas oo qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa loo arkaa in aan nolosha, waxay noqdeen Belarus. 1944 ururiyay ay goosashada ku daatay :. 70 kun oo qof ayaa ku dhintay oo ku saabsan 35 kun lahaa inay dhex maraan jidadka warsaxaafadeed uu magaalada caasimadda ah ee Soviet .. hore cadowga afkay kirada la aasaasay weyn farqiga 400-kilomitir ah oo ahaa waxba liquidate. Jarmalka ayaa u cararay.

hawlgalka Laba-yada

"Operation Bagration" koobnaa laba marxaladood. The ugu horeysay bilaabay on 23 June. Wakhtigan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay jebiyaan oo hore istiraatiiji ah cadowga ahaa, xoog Hallo inuu baabbi'iyo xigtaa Belarus. Lugbuur weerarada ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah wada, xoogga in hal dhibic on map-ka. Ka dib guul dhibaatada in uu is beddelay, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in si degdeg ah loo hubiyo in raacdada ee cadowga iyo jebin khadadka kordhin. July 4 Shaqaalaha Guud ee USSR bedelay markii hore qorshuhu ahaa, sidaas dhamaystirka wajigii koowaad ee xilli ciyaareedka.

Halkii waddooyinka wada diverging ka hor for: 1aad Baltic Front dhaqaaqay dhinaca Shaa'uul, 3aad Belarus xoreeyaan lahaa Vilnius iyo Liido, 2aad Belorusski ka hor for Navahradak, Grodono iyo Belostok. Rokossovsky tegey jihada of Baranovichi iyo Brest, oo ku dhameysatay kaalinta ugu danbeysay, waxaan si Lublin yimid.

wajiga labaad ee howlgalka "Bagration" waxay bilaabeen on 5 July. Ciidamada Soviet sii horay degdeg ah. By bartamihii xagaaga-Lugbuur vanguards bilaabay inuu ku qasbi Neman ah. bridgeheads Major qabtay iyo River Vistula ah. Narev. 16-kii July Red Army qabsadeen Grodono iyo 28 - Brest.

August 29 hawlgalka ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey. tallaabooyinka soo socda ee cusub si guul.

Muhiimadda istiraatiijiga ah ee

In ay baaxadda "Bagration" waa mid ka mid ah ololaha weerar ugu weyn ee istiraatiijiga ah. xoraynta Total ee Belarus ayaa loogu qabtay 68 maalmood. 1944, dhab ahaantii, joojiyo shaqada ee dalka. Ayaa qayb ahaan dib dhulka Mareykanka Östersjön, Ciidamada Soviet xadka iyo qayb ka mid ah Poland qabsadeen.

Guuldaradan ayaa ah koox awood ciidammadu "Center" waxay ahayd guul ciidan iyo istiraatiiji weyn. Waxaa gabi ahaanba la burburiyay 3-demisku iyo 17 kooxihii soo horjeeda. 50 qaybsanaanta laga badiyay in ka badan nus ka mid ah xubnihiisa. Ciidamada Soviet gaadhay East Prussia - van Jarmal saleeyay.

Waxaa ka qayb qaatay natiijada guul weerar hawlgalka jiho kale ah, iyo sidoo kale furitaanka hore labaad.

Inta lagu jiro hawlgallada Jarmal lacag si ay khasaare ah oo ku saabsan nus milyan oo qof (la dilay, dhaawacay iyo maxaabiista). USSR sidoo kale khasaare halis ah oo xaddiga 765 815 oo qof (178,507 dilay, 587.308 dhaawacmeen). askari Soviet tusay mucjisada geesinimo si ay u meel xoraynta Belarus. Year hawlgalka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida muddo dhan dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ahayd waqti guusha qaranka run. Jamhuuriyadda waxay leedahay hannaanka ah raadkeeda iyo taxadiri. At kiiloomitir 21aad oo waddada weyn Moscow dhisay Mound sharafta. Monument ag tuuli maayo taajajka ka dhigan afar soor turjumaya afar hore fuliyay ololaha.

Qiimaha this guul maxaliga ahaa sidaas u weyn, in dawladdu Soviet socday in la dhiso bilad ah xoraynta ee Belarus, laakiin markaas waa inuusan marna ka dhacay. Qaar ka mid ah abaalmarinta Dakatu waxaa lagu keydiyaa Museum Minsk ee taariikhda War Patriotic Weyn.