Lenin on gaariga gaashaaman, halkaas tiir xusuus ah in ay been taariikhda

Taxadiri - taasi waa ma ahan oo keliya ee masterpieces of farshaxan, laakiin sidoo kale taariikhda jilayaasha. iyaga Behind had iyo jeer waa dabeecad fiican u yaqaan iyo xaqiiqda ah ee la xidhiidha taariikhda. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin of this waa taallo "Lenin baabuur gaashaaman." Waxaa la aasaasay 1926 in St. Petersburg, at Station Finland ka. Taalladaas taariikhi ah oo xiiso weyn waa gaariga gaashaaman. Ka dib oo dhan isaga ku wareegsan weli ka careysan muran. Mid ka mid ah koox khubaro ah ayaa sheegaya in hogaamiyaha saaxiibka ah proletariat ka caawiyey in ay ku dhex mareen qodxanta kacaanka Bolshevik ah. taallo kale loo yaqaan been ah ee taariikhda. Ina keena aynu baaro si faahfaahsan arrinta.

tartanka

Wax yar ka dib dhimashada V. I. Lenina lagu dhawaaqay tartan loogu talagalay sculptors of Russia si ay u abuuraan taallo taariikhi ah sida calaamad u ah marxalad muhiim ah in nolosha siyaasadeed ee dalka. shaqada ugu fiican ee loo aqoonsaday wax soo saarka ee "Lenin on gaariga gaashaaman." Its qoraaga bilaabay kaliya seddex sayiddo, Vladimir Shuko, Sergei iyo Vladimir Evseev Gelfreich. Waxay qabtay hoggaamiye ee naxaas la amarka gacanta munaaraddii dagaalka weerarka gaariga. Taalladaas The "Lenin on gaariga gaashaaman" toban mitir ee height la dhigay at maalin calaamad, 7 November. Laakiin tan iyo markaas, isaga iyo shakhsiyadda hogaamiyaha ilaalinaysay qarsoon badan iyo shaki badan muhiimadda taariikhiga ah.

Dabka, biyaha iyo copper tuubooyinka

Waxa la ogaaday in sumadda baabuur gaashaaman Lenin ah - "Austin". model Tani waa design ah Ingiriisi. Mashiinnada amartay UK, iyo in Russia ay la casriyeeyay oo loo isticmaalo ciidamada dalka Ruushka ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Adeeggu wuxuu markaas u muuqatay quruxsan halis, sidaas darteed kooxda military sameeyay mutadawiciin ah. gawaarida gaashaaman rasaas ku fureen, oo kaliya kor u dhow in cadowgu ku eryay. Sidaa darteed qolofka madaafiicda, xooga in helitaanka si loola dagaallamo wax hubkiisa fudud u wareemay. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto "myopia" mashiinka "Austin", si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ka caawiyay ka dhigi badan oo waaweyn military, iyo ayaa si guul leh loo isticmaalo oo gaadmada. Oo ha gaariga gaashaaman, xardhey ay Station Finland ee St. Petersburg, si gaar ah uusan ka qeyb qaadan dagaalka, "geed qoyska" waa xaqiijinta dhabta ah.

astaamaha farsamo

Laga soo bilaabo 1917 in 1919 waxaa jiray beddelka qaar ka mid ah gawaarida gaashaaman. Sida caadiga ah, waxaa jiray baabuurta la laba shukaanaha, hore iyo dib u badisay. Waxay la qalabeeyey laba qoryaha darandooriga u ah astaanta ah "Maxim" si kada ah weerar. miisaanka gaashaaman ahaa 5.3 tons, awood engine ku gaaray 50 hp. On jidka weyn, uu horumariyo xawaare 50 km / h. markabka meel laga yaabaa in afar qof.

Halyeeyga

Tan iyo markii kacaanka, abuuray badan oo sheekooyin ku saabsan gaariga gaashaaman, taas oo macno ahaan Lenin eryay iyada oo wareeg ah. Waxaa la og yahay in hoggaamiyaha proletariat ka dib markii tahriibka ee April 1917 waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay si rasmi ah u la kulmo Banaanbaxa oo ka mid ah ciidamada Bolshevik. Badmaax, askar iyo qalab military - waxaa ay sharad kulanka. Laakiin sida si ay u helaan mashiinka dagaal dhab ah Bolsheviks ku dhibaato, design waxbarasho oo laga soo qaatay horyaalka ee Manege Mikhailovsky ah. Ku saabsan sida Lenin yeedhay baabuur gaashaaman, macluumaad sax ah. Marka la barbar dhigo dagaal asxaabta ee bronerote u tudhin uu kaliya qabtay No. 2.

Ka dibna, waxaa jiray laba nooc, taas oo Lenin dhigay in gacmihiisa iyo wuxuu fuusho gal saqafka sare ee gaariga gaashaaman, in la yidhaahdo sagootin ah, hadalka a + Liverpool u Bolsheviks of dhacdo ee ah marxaladda cusub ee taariikhiga ah ee nolosha ka mid ah Russia. Iyo in ka dib, oo dhammaantood wuu wada baabuur isla gaashaaman u tageen inay xarunta Bolsheviks ah (guriga Kshesinskaia), joogsiyada samaynta jidka dib-u-akhrinta uu hadalka. Sida laga soo xigtay darawalka - lagu eedeeyay Vasily Fedorov (dhammaadka qofku shakhsiyadiisu aan la aasaasay), baabuurta gaashaaman Lenin ee ka qayb qaatay iiriyo ee Palace Winter ah. qorid ee dhacdadan waa dhaawac ay u wheel hore ee rasaasta arday ah.

Sida caddayn taariikhi ah ku doodayaan in gaari gaashaaman hogaamiyaha Bolshevik kulmay weerar Petrograd ciidamada General N. N. Yudenicha ee 1919. Laakiin ka dib markii kacaanka, "caasimadda ah ee cadowga" sidii uu u dhawaaqay gaariga gaashaaman, taas oo Lenin la hadlay, oo ka qeyb galay dagaallada Yamburg, Pulkovo iyo Krasnoe Selo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1922 uu ku wareejiyay ciidankii reer qalcadda, halkaas oo uu ka lumay. Kaliya shan sanno ka dib waxa uu bilaabay raadinta baabuur gaashaaman. Ay ku lug lahaayeen in shaqaalaha museum, veterans iyo dhacdooyinka archivists. Waxay soo ururiyay badan oo wax ku saabsan dhacdooyinka iyo xisaabaadka markhaati ah, laakiin ma uusan qudhiisu ka heli baabuur gaashaaman. Kaliya ee 1939, ee ururka difaaca bakhaar tageen ah (OSOAVIAHIM) ee Sosnovka waxaa la ogaadey mashiinka, dusha u eg artifact la doonayo.

piece museum

Aqoonsiga gaashaaman baabuurta maray by dhowr arrimood: joogitaanka of nalalka in la waayay ka kale baabuurta of this brand, munaaradaha on saqafka, rakibay la dhaf, iyo laba shukaanaha, dhaawac ka soo gaaray rasaas Junker ee hore. A yar Khubaro ka dib ka yar lakabka ah ee wasakhda iyo rinjiga helay tirada caan 2. Si wada jir ah, calaamadahaas oo noqday aasaas u ah xaqiijinta asalnimada ee gaariga gaashaaman. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baaritaanka of Protocol-ka ma aysan gaarin jidka loo maalinta la joogo oo dhan.

Ka dib markii dib u soo celinta daahfurka qurxiyey Museum Revolution (guriga qoyska Kshesinskaia). Mar dambe waxaa la dhaqaaqay Museum Lenin ah (Palace marmar ah). Dhammaadkii qarnigii 20-aad safar taariikhi ah ku dhamaaday, iyo Fasiraadda ee Museum Military ciidamada madaafiicda iyo injineernimada ee St. Petersburg helay gaari Lenin halyeeyga ee gaashaaman halkaas oo uu ku yaalaa maanta.

unexpurgated

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taariikhyahanadu waxay leeyihiin sababta ay u aaminsan yihiin in wax badan oo sharaxaad ka mid ah muddada kacaan waxaa smoothed, waxaa iska ilaaween ama laga gooyay wadajir ee Russia. Tusaale ahaan, xaqiiqda ah in qaab of Lenin on gaariga gaashaaman ay u muuqataa duwan. ka masaafuriyey soo laabtay magaalada, Lenin wajahay saldhiga tareenka la dadkii badnaa cadhooday calammo sita oo orchestra. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadu ma la kulmaan, malaha, saaxiibada hoggaamiyaha ay go'aansatay in ay ka faa'ideystan fursadan lagu jiro markii la afgembiyey qarannimada dalka Ruushka. baabuur gaashaaman Lenin waa run ahaantii la joogo sheekada this, laakiin halkii lagu qaaday iyo waxa magaca dhaleen, waa wax aan macquul aheyn si loo ogaado maanta.

Shaki yahay aqoonsiga darawalka, iyo Fedorov, kuwaasoo ahaa kuwii ay Bolsheviks jir ah ayaa lagu eedeeyay inay iska dhigid. Sidaas darteed, waa in sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay inay koonto sheekooyin. Shaki sii xoojiyeen iyo dagaalka loogu jiro bronevoditelya horyaalka in uu biloowday ka dib geeridii hoggaamiyaha ee.

Khubaro la joojiyay iyo xaqiiqda yar laakiin la taaban karo ka heli baabuurta gaashaaman ee Sosnovka. Waxaa la go'aamiyey dhab ahaan waxa-soo-saarka waxa iska leh Works Putilov ah iyo sanadka - 1919. Sidaas daraaddeed, Lenin ma matali karo waxa on xilligii kacaankii shaacbaxaysa in uu ahaa mid lagu sharaxay si faahfaahsan by Bolsheviks ah.

Annagu waxaannu nahay hogaamiyaha

Dad badan oo muran iyo shaki, waana Lenin on gaariga gaashaaman. Waxaa jiray markhaatiyaal oo sheegtay in hogaamiyaha dhab ahaantii ku hadlay. Tusaale ahaan, wariye, columnist ah dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan Konstantin Eremeev ayaa sheegtay in hogaamiyaha Bolsheviks leh u dhaqmaan xilli declamations siyaasadeed, laakiin waxa aan la duubay, iyo erayadii uu hadalka, isagu ma soo saari karaan. Waxaa laga yaabaa in is fahan this awoodaan si ay u sharxaan version a kala duwan ee dhacdooyinka noqon doonaa. Lenin qabtay (qaadeen) in gaariga diyaar gaashaaman, saqafka kuwaas oo uu ugu yeeray weedho riisanayo yar. The ugu caansan ka mid ah waa la yaabka ah: "ha noolaado kacaanka hantiwadaagga" ee 1926 waxaa waxaa la codsadaa in ay taallo taallo ee ah "Lenin on gaariga gaashaaman" (Finland Station). The hadal khayaalka isla mar dambe la odhan jiray ee "caan".

filinka The

In 1927 wuxuu la sameeyey filim aamusan "October", taas oo ka muuqata dhacdooyinkii Kacaanka Oktoobar. Filimku wuxuu, oo ay la socdaan sawirada "shaqo joojin" iyo "markab dagaal Potemkin" ahaa Forbrydelsen taariikhi ah. Agaasimaha toogtay Eisenstein isticmaalo carwo matxafka - gaari gaashaaman 2.

film ay heshay dhagaystayaasha sidii documentary ah. Oo ninna kama falaynaa aan isku dayaya. Waxaase xusid mudan, in Lenin qudhiisu tixgeliyaa habka ugu muhiimsan ee shineemo dacaayad. Dayashada runta taariikhiga ahaa waxtar buu u leeyahay xukuumadda in ay sii haystaan awoodda. Waxaa intaa dheer, filimka ayaa lagu muujiyay in Mareykanka. Waxaa, waxaa loogu yeedhay "Toban Maalmood Taasi ruxmay Adduunka." Taasi waa mid dhab ah ayaa bedelay ku ambadeen wax filimka.

faahfaahinta

Keeni badan oo ceeb khilaafsan goob dhacdooyinka kuwa. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxay ku andacoodaan in jirin baabuur gaashaaman ma ahaa, iyo "caan" hadalka hogaamiyaha of proletariat ee dhan akhriska ka footboard ee tareenka. Ka dibna waxaan u tegey inuu xarunta ka mid ah Bolsheviks oo akhri "April theses", taas oo, kadis ah, oo aan lagu aqbalay by saaxiibadii.

isdhaaf ah laga helay hogaamiyaha muuqaalka la taallo "Lenin on gaariga gaashaaman." Photos of time show ah in bishii April 1917 uu weli ahaa oo aan gadhka ah iyo shaarib. Taalladaas ayaa sidoo kale ka muuqataa nooca caadiga ah "classical" hoggaamiyaha.

On the been taariikhda muddada tilmaamay iyo faahfaahin kale. Tusaale ahaan, maanta ku dhow in xaalad kaamil ah, iyo Halabuurka yimid, shuqulladooda iyo haraaga reerkiisii oo dhammu hoggaamiyaha. Tani waa arrin la yaab leh in view of jeer naxaysaan iyo ka haajirid. dhawrid A la mid ah ma dafiri karto in ay maal-dhalanrog khasnadda guud ee dhacdooyinka kacaan ee Russia.

casriga

In kasta oo noocan oo kale ah hoaxes qanci ku tiriska ah ee muddada Soviet, awoodda casriga weli si taxadar leh ilaaliyaa Calaamooyinka kacaanka. Waxaa si xoog leh ka hortagtaa burburinta sanamyada fikirka, ansixin by khiyaamo. Oo in kastoo in ka badan hal mar kiciyey arrinta of sii daayo Red Square ka qabuuraha Bolshevik iyo mumiyayaasha ah oo madax ahaa, wax tallaabo ah ma ahaa.

Laakiin muwaadiniinta Ruushka ee ku saabsan arrintan helay opinion. April 1, 2009 taallo of Lenin on gaariga gaashaaman waxaa kor afuufo St. Petersburg. Laakiin waxaa saameyn ma on xaaladda non-waafaqsan dhabta ee la soo dhaafay. By si maamulka toban sare bogsatay oo mar kale wax tara oo ku haysa.

Taariikhyahanada ayaa aaminsan in sida ficil ayaa la dhiiriyo aan aad u badan oo ay ku iswaafaqla'aan goob guud la xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed sida qiimaynta muhiim u ah shakhsiyadda Lenin ee. Iyo, sidoo kale, waxay ahaayeen sababaha for this. In erayadii badnaayeen of taariikhyahanadu, uu si ula kac ah "mummified". image The geesinimada, ka buuxa go'aanka iyo hadafyada sare, hadda ma ku haboon la xaqiiqooyinka dil mass iyo afduub-qaadashada, taas oo laga hoos sameeyey hogaanka hogaamiyaha Bolshevik ah. Ayaa ka soo muddada kacaan tegey, khubaro Muujin dhinac cusub oo geesood. Waxaa laga yaabaa in sababta su'aasha ugu weyn ee doorka ka ciyaaray by Lenin nolosha Russia, weli waa furan.

PS

Haddaba waxaa suurtagal ahayn in la yidhaahdo, waayo hubin in ama aan calaamad kacaanka, "Lenin on gaariga gaashaaman," halkaas tiir xusuus ah u sahlaya in taariikhda. waxaa aad u badan ayaa la sameeyey, waxa uu sheegay in oo ku qoran by Bolsheviks ee xaqiijinta gool shakhsiyeed. Waqtiga maray, iyo markhaatiyaal madax bannaan oo isaga la. Laakiin xaqiiqada ah in ku wareegsan taallo iyo shakhsiyadda ee V. I. Lenina waxaa jira shaki iyo iswaafaqla'aan, waa xaqiiqo dhab ah oo. Revolution waa in la soo dhaafay oo la joogo qarniga waa qoraal cusub taariikhda. Waxa ugu weyn ee in ay run ahayd, laakiin ma halyeey geesinimada.