Kiciyo Academy ee Florence iyo hoggaamiyaha fikradeed

Ma aha hay'ad sharci oo rasmi ah iyo mid aan jirin ku xidhan gobolka ama kiniisadda. Kiciyo Academy ee Florence - bulshada iskaa wax u qabso ee dadka xorta ah, la aasaasay ka soo jeeda kala duwan, iyadoo xirfado kala duwan, kuwaas oo meelo kala duwan ku jira jacayl la Plato, Neo-Platonism, Filosofia Perennis yimid.

Halkan waxaan ku soo ururay iyo wakiillo ka ruuxiga ah (kiniisadda, Buzadag), iyo dadka cilmaani ah, iyo gabayaaga, iyo Ranjiilayaasha, iyo injineero, iyo taliyayaashii Jamhuuriga, iyo ganacsatada si loogu yeero ee Zaman.

Kiciyo Academy ee Florence (sawirka hoos ku qoran) ayaa la sameeyaa, walaalahana gaar ah oo isu shaqsiyaadka tayo leh, kuwaas oo markii dambe u noqday caan ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: Marsilio Ficino, Cristoforo Landino, Andzhelo Politsiano, Mikelandzhelo Buanarotti, Pico de la Mirandola, Lorenzo weyn, Francesco Catania, Botticelli iyo kuwa kale.

Sidaas daraaddeed, in this article aan si toos ah u walaaltinimo ee hanad, kaas oo la odhan jiray "Academy kiciyo in Florence" (- Ficino hoggaamiye) tegi doonaa.

Shuruud ah Abuurkiisa

Wadadii ay u soo kabashada ayaa la aloosnayd wakhti dheer qaar ka mid ah. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in soohdimaha ku meel gaar ah ee xilligii waxaa loo arkaa XII -. Dhexe ee qarnigii XVII ah, weli ay boosaska, apotheosis ee dhicistu ku XV ku -XVI qarniyo. Xarunta ahaa Italy, hufan, Florence.

Oo wakhtigaas waxay ahayd in ay aad u soo celiyo ee bulshada Yurub iyo dhaqanka. Waxaa jira mid ka soo Germany yimid si ay u bartaan farshaxanka iyo sayniska. In Paris, ka tabo cusub ee Florence soo jiidata dareenka Professor ee Sorbonne ah, oo iyaga loo arkaa ku dhowaad sida a "injiilka cusub".

Doorka muhiim ah ka ciyaaray by magaalada ee muddada ka yar dib u eegis, ayaa ku tilmaamay by R. Marseille. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la aqoonsado la'aanta ah ee xaaladda u soo kabashada ee cayn meel kasta oo kale this. Waxaa Florence - sida xarunta of humanism, iftiinka xoogga saaraan - jiidan lahaa dhammaan iyada oo aan marka laga reebo, ruuxa maalka aadanaha. Waxa ay ahayd meel ay soo ururin qoraal gacmeedyada ugu qaali ah, halkaas oo mid ka mid ah la kulmi karaan culimada fiican. Intaa waxaa dheer, Florence iyaga tilmaamay studio a tahay Rafaa, halkaas oo qof kasta oo ka dhigaysa in talanti heli karo.

Sidaas darteed, su'aal ah ma sii sababta saxda ah Academy ku kiciyo in Florence, kuwaas oo ah hoggaamiye - Ficino, dunida tusay hanad gaarka ah, shuqulladiisa ayaa kaalin ka daran in noocyo kala duwan oo meelo ka mid ah nolosheena.

West Athens

Sidaas lagu magacaabo Florence xaqiiqada ah in ka dib qabsashadii of Constantinople by Turkigu, awelna loola qaninimada dhaqanka iyo ruuxiga ah ee dunida qadiimiga ah. Laga soo bilaabo hal "stem asalka ah" a waxaa u muuqday ifafaale gaar ah taariikhda dhaqanka ee Italy, iyo Europe oo dhan, loo yaqaan "kiciyo Academy ee Florence." Ficino - Faylasuuf kiciyo - hogaaminayo waxa by. waa magac kale oo Academy ah - "qoyska Plato ee," ayay u ahayd, in kastoo gaaban, laakiin arrin cajiib ah in ay taariikhda. Si weyn u caawiyay this taliyayaashii caanka ah ee Florence - Kozimo Medichi oo uu awow Lorenzo.

Taariikh kooban oo ku saabsan "qoyska Plato ee"

Kiciyo Academy ee Florence waxaa la aasaasay 1470 by Cosimo kor ku xusan. peak Barwaaqada boqornimadii uu awow Lorentso Medichi, xubin ka ridday. In kasta oo ubax ka kooban akadeemiga (10 sano), waxa ay saameyn weyn ku yeelanayaan dhaqanka iyo fikradda ah Europe. Kiciyo Academy ee Florence, waxyoonay by caan ah aqoon yahanno, fannaaniinta, faylosuufiinta, saynisyahano, siyaasiyiinta, Gabayaana waxaa uu ka qabno. Waxa aan ahaa kaliya meel shirka sare ruuxi ah, tayo leh iyo dadka smart. Waxaan dhihi karnaa si kalsooni leh in Academy kiciyo ee Florence - walaaltinimada ka mid ah dadka sida maskax, bixiyc ururka taas oo riyo dunida cusub, si fiican u ah, nin, mustaqbalka, sidaas si la hadasho, da 'ah oo dahab ah, soo kabashada a day istaahilo. Dad badan oo u wac filosofirovaniem, iyo mararka qaar xitaa hab nololeed. Dawladdu waxay si gaar ah ee maskaxda, naf ...

Kiciyo Academy ee Florence, hoggaamiyaha fikradeed kuwaas oo - Ficino, waxay abuurtaa jawi cusub oo ruuxi ah, mahad oo la soo saaray, model geeyay (fikrad), weli aqoonsan fikradda wayn ee Zaman. Heritage ka tagay by "qoyska Plato ee," waa mid weyn. Kiciyo Academy ee Florence - taageeraan waxa la yiraahdo quraafaad ah ee Renaissance ah. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in iyada story - story riyada weyn.

Kiciyo Academy ee Florence M. Ficino

Waxa uu ahaa filasoof, iyo aqoonyahan, iyo fiqi oo fekeraya aad u fiican oo ka mid ah Renaissance, taas oo saameyn weyn ku horumar ah ee falsafadda ah XVII - qarniyo XVIII.

Marsilio waxa uu ku dhashay meel u dhaw Florence (19.10.1433 g). Wuxuu bartay Latin iyo luqada Giriigga, daawada, falsafada. Early on wuxuu noqday xiiso Plato (dugsiga). Bacdi of Kozimo Medichi iyo qaraabada uu door muhiim ah ee xaqiiqda ah in Ficino Nagi qudhiisu waa cilmiga sayniska.

In 1462 isaga ugu garteen hogaamiyaha fikirka ah Academy kiciyo ee Florence ah, iyo in 1473 noqday wadaad, wuxuu qabtay dhowr xilal kaniisad of darajo sare. Noloshiisa oo kala gooyey ee Careggi, u dhaw Florence (10/01/1499).

Sharfay shuqulka Ficino

Marsilio iska leh turjumaadaha daran galay Latin Plato iyo Plotinus. Waxay ururin dhamaystiran ee Western Europe (daabacay 1484/1492 GG.) Kuwo baahida weyn ee ilaa qarnigii XVIII ka.

Waxa uu sidoo kale lagu turjumay oo Neoplatonists kale sida Iamblichus, iyo huruud, Proclus iyo kuwa kale., Hermetic The treatises wareegga. Popular ahaayeen uu faallo aad u fiican oo ku saabsan qoraallada Plato iyo Plotinian, iyo mid ka mid ah (wadahadal Plato ayaa xaq u leedahay "Ciidda") wuxuu noqday isha of tiro badan oo ah dood ku saabsan jacaylka ka mid ah aqoon yahanno, qorayaasha iyo gabayaaga ah ee Renaissance ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay Marsilio, Plato arkaa jacaylka sida xidhiidh ruuxi ah oo u dhexeeya ee loo yaqaan aadanaha, kaas oo ku salaysan ay jacaylka gudaha asalka ah, waayo, Rabbiga.

fiqiga kiciyo waaridda ee nafta

Kanu waa shuqulkii weyn falsafadeed ee Ficino (1469-74 GG, Edition 1st -. 1482). Waa khuseeya a metaphysical (safeeyey), halkaas oo waxbarista Plato, kuwa uu soo bandhigay iyadoo la raacayo fiqiga jira Christian. Tani shaqada (saarka vysokosistematicheskoe waa Renaissance Platonism Talyaani ee dhammaan) keentaa caalamka oo dhan in ay 5 mabaadi'da asaasiga ah, kuwaas oo:

• Ilaah;
• ruux jannada,
• Naf buuxa xuddun;
• tayada;
• jirka.

theme ugu weyn ee khuseeya ka - gashado ee nafta aadanaha. Ficino rumeysan yahay in hawsha naftayadii - hadalqaaday, kaas oo soo gabagabeeyay Ilaah fiirinaya toos ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababta oo ah dhif ah loo gaaro yoolkaas-dhismeedka dhulka, ay nolosha mustaqbalka waa in la qaato sida postulate ah, halkaas oo ay gaadho meesha ay u socdeen.

shuqullada caanka ah ee Ficino Diinta, daawo iyo falaga

caan Wide ahaa khuseeya sida "buuga diinta Christian" (1474) sida. Correspondence Marsilio - il qani ku ah taariikhiga ah, macluumaadka taariikh nololeedkooda. Inta badan xarfaha ku jira xaqiiqada treatises falsafada.

Haddii aan ka fiirso shuqullada kale, kuwaas oo u heelan yihiin inay daawada, falaga, waxa loo kala soocaa kartaa "Saddex ka mid ah kitaabka nolosha" (1489). Marsilio Ficino - mid ka mid ah aqoon yahanno keenta Renaissance ka soo baxaya, wakiilada muhiimka ah ee Renaissance Platonism.

Aragtida Ilaah la booska Ficino

Sida laga soo xigtay Erwin Panofsky, uu nidaamka waa meel u dhaxaysa scholasticism (Ilaah u aqbalin sida sarrayntiisa ee koonkan ah uguna) iyo aragtiyaha ugu dambeeyay pantheistic (Ilaah - aqoonsiga dunida aan la koobi karayn). Like Plotinus, uu fahamsan yahay Rabbiga sidii One ineffable. Oo uu aragtida Ilaah timaado hoos waxa Rabbigu waa labis, vseobrazen. Wuxuu - xaqiiqada dhabta ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha dhaqdhaqaaq heer hoose ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay Ficino, Ilaaha dunida abuuray, "qudhiisa u maleeyay", sababtoo ah gudahood waxaa ka jira, in laga fikiro, inay dooni - isku wada mid. Rabbiga - ma in caalamka oo dhan, taas oo uu leeyahay xuduud lahayn, oo sidaas daraaddeed aan la koobi karayn. Laakiin Ilaah waqti isku mid ah waxa ku jira ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in uu u buuxiyo, halka aan ka buuxsamay isu, waayo, isagu waa buuxnaanta aad. Marsilio qoray in mid ka mid ah wada hadal uu.

Ficino: sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

In 1480-90 GG. Marsilio sii baran "falsafada ah kuwa dhawrsada." Waxa tarjumay galay Latin iyo faallo Plotinian "Ennead" (1484-90 GG., Published in 1492), shuqullada porfiriyskie, iyo Iamblichus, ee ki Are'obagos, Proclus (1490-92 GG.), Oo kale Psellos.

Wuxuu muujiyaa xiiso xoog leh meel sida falaga. In 1489 Ficino daabacdaa khuseeya caafimaadka iyo astrological loo yaqaan "On Life", ka dib markii taas khilaafka yaynana kolna la wadaadada sare ee kiniisadda kaatooligga, more hufan, la Pope VIII Innocent. Iyo ilaalinta halis ah oo kaliya eedeymaha faasiqnimo badbaadiyay Ficino.

Markaas ee 1492 Marsilio qoray khuseeya a xaq u leedahay "About Qorraxda iyo nuurka", kaas oo la daabacay 1493, iyo sanadka soo socda ayaa dhameystiraya fasiraadda oo ka mid ah wada hadal ee Plato. Waxaa dhamaaday nolosha hogaamiyaha "qoyska Platonovkoy" for faalloonaya shuqullada "Romans" (Paul).

Kiciyo Academy ee Florence: Landino

Wuxuu ahaa professor ah karsanaa. Xataa waagii uu yaraa Cristoforo qudhiisu kala duwanaayeen in tartanka gabay (1441). Landino ahaa saaxiib iyo la taliyaha si Ficino. Cristoforo aqoonsaday koowaad ee faallooda caanka ah ee Virgil, Dante, Horace. Kolkiiba ayuu wax ka dhigaa Velikogo Dante, mahad isagii ku yidhi, dunida garan doonaa riyo kale (daryeel) Academy: dhaqan Abwaan this, in la sameeyo wax walba oo dadka isaga la aqoonsan yahay mid ka mid ah gabayayaashiinnu daran iyo Sweden, istaahila la caabudo oo si la mid ah sida Virgil, abuureyaal kale ee adduunka ee qadiimiga ah.

Cristoforo qoray taxane ah oo wada hadal ku Academy kiciyo ah, taas oo ah sababta ay u soo degin inuu times our.

Landino treatises ay aad u fiican kana soobixiya wax gacan ka daran yahay in arrimaha ay ka midka yihiin "ratio nolosha firfircoon leh nolosha u fiirsasho leh" - koowaad ee arrimaha ugu waawayn in ay ahaayeen si firfircoon uga wada hadleen by faylosuufiinta ee Renaissance ah.

Ugu dambeyntii waxa xusid mudan in aad u fiican Renaissance bulshada maskax waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in maqaalka, oo loo yaqaan Academy ku kiciyo in Florence (Hoggaamiyaha Thought - Marsilio Ficino).