Faylasuuf Yuhuudda Martin Buber: Biography, nolosha, hal-abuurka iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

Martin Buber - bani weyn Yuhuudda iyo falsafo, iyo sidoo kale si fiican u yaqaan tiradaasi dadweynaha iyo diinta. shakhsiyadda Tani waa sug maqlana, waxaa aad u adag. Qaar ka mid ah cilmi isaga theorist ah, aasaasaha of Zionism fiirsan. Qaar kale waxay soo wici falsafadda jiritaanka of magnitude ugu horeysay. Kuwaas oo run ahaantii ahaa Martin (Mordechai) Buber? Uu Biography iyo shuqullada ugu weyn ee loo huray in our article.

Philosopher jiray dhacdooyinka nolosha dibadda dheer, Laakiinse miskiinku. Laakiin, habase yeeshee, waxa uu ahaa mowduuca shuqulladaada iyo baaritaano badan oo taariikh nololeedkooda. Magaca Buber waa dunida caanka ah. Wuxuu ka soo shaqeeyay beeraha kala duwan ee dhaqanka. Welwel ma aha oo kaliya falsafadda ah jiritaanka aadanaha, laakiin sidoo kale waxbarashada, fanka, cilmiga, siyaasadda, diinta (gaar ahaan Studies kitaabiga ahi). Shuqulkiisa on Hasidism turjumey luqado badan. Laakiin akhristaha Ruush waxaa laga heli karaa ma aha sidaas u badan shuqullada falsafo. laakiinse waxay u wareejiyo "farshaxanka Yuhuudda", "Renewal Yuhuudda" iyo tiro ka mid ah articles. In todobaatanaadkii, oo waxay ahaayeen gudbiyo lacag gaar ah. shuqullada Buber ayaa daabacay oo ka mid ah muwaadiniinta Soviet horusocod in samizdat heli.

Biography Martina Bubera. Childhood iyo dhalinyarada

Mordechai waxa uu ku dhashay (Martin) Buber ee Vienna on February 8, 1878 qoys Yuhuud ah si cadaalad ah barwaaqo. Wiil wuxuu ahaa mid aan xitaa saddex jir ah, waalidka oo uu furay. Aabaha wiilkiisa qaaday in Lemberg (maanta Lviv, Ukraine), oo markaas ahaa qayb ka mid ah Empire Austro-Hungarian. magaaladan waxaa ay hoy u tahay ayeeyo dhinaca aabaha of Martin - Sulaymaan iyo Adele. Shlomo Buber (in 1906 uu ku dhintay) ahaa banker barwaaqo ah. Laakiin waxa uu caanka ku ahaa ee Lviv aan u, iyo in uu ahaa khabiir cajiib ah in midrash qoraal ah. Oo sidaas daraaddeed amar weyn ee bulshada Hasidic in Lviv. Awoowe iyo wiil Ruhbaaniyad jacaylka af Cibraaniga. Waxa uu macno ahaan albaabka u furay qalbiga dunida soo jiidasho leh oo dahsoon ee Hasidism - dhaqdhaqaaq diimeed baxay bartamihii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad-ka oo Yuhuudda dhex yaalla Bariga Europe. Ayeeyo reading cry oo wiil ka Kabbalah, oo uu awoowe u baray Hebrew, Ruhbaaniyad jacayl ah suugaanta iyo diinta.

Hasidism iyo falsafadda ah wadahadal Martin Buber

In Lviv Faylasuuf mustaqbalka baratay "taqi ah" Yuhuudda. Aasaasihii of Hasidism, reer binu Israa'iil Bacal Sheem Tov, aaminsan yahay in rumaysadka run ma aha in waxbarista Talmud ah, iyo in lifaaqa Ilaah qalbigeenna, oo dhan naf saarka cadahay asalka ah ee salaada kulul oo u kali yeela jidkhka. ecstasy Tani diinta dhacaya wadahadal xuquuqda la abuura ee Caalamka. Sidaa darteed, Hasidim waxaa ka reebay dibadda xannibaad ah ee diinta Yuhuudda iska dhaqaaqin. Kuwa si joogto ah ula xiriiro Ilaah, tsadiks awood u leeyihiin in ay sii sheegina iyo clairvoyance. Kuwaasu waa qoomkanagii taqi caawiyo iyo mid kale oo dhegaha Hasidim badbaadada iyo daahirintiisa aawadeed dembi ka. adduunka oo dhan dahsoon oo asalka ah ee aadka u saamayn dhallinyarada Martin Buber. In uu buugga, "My si ay Hasidism" Waxa uu sheegay in daqiiqad ogaaday nuxurka Diimaha oo dhan aadanaha. isgaarsiinta Tani, wada hadal la leh Ilaah, xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya aniga iyo Adigu.

Waxbarashada. sano tobaneeyo

banker awoowe xaqiijiyey in wiilka uu awoowga u ahaa waxbarashada cajiib ah. Ugu siddeed iyo toban, Martin Buber biiray waxbaridda University of Vienna. Ka dib markii qalin, wuxuu sii watay waxbarashada ee dugsiyada sare ee Zurich iyo Leipzig. At Jaamacadda Berlin macalimiinta ahaayeen Dilthey iyo Georg Simmel. In labaatan sannadood, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo noqday xiisaynayso Zionism. Waxa uu xitaa ahaa ergay ah in Congress Saddexaad dhaqdhaqaaqa Yuhuudda. In sagaal boqol iyo kowaad sanadkii adeegay sidii editor dulman oo ka mid ah todobaadle ah "De Welt". Marka xisbiga kala dillaaciyey, Buber, kuwaas oo ku noolaa wakhtigaas ee Berlin, aasaasay guriga daabacaadda gaar ah wuxuu ugu yeedhay "Yudisher Verlag". Waxaa la sii daayay oo ah buugaagta Yuhuudda ah ee Jarmal. Ha u ogolaan ilaa dhallinyarada xiisaha arrimaha Hasidism. Waxa uu turjumay Jarmal taxane ah oo sheekooyin iyo micnaynta of Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav. Later shaqeeya Hasidism xarrimay "Yaajuuj iyo Maajuuj" (1941), "The Light of qarsoon ah" (1943) iyo "Divekar ha hasidut". Buber bixisaa badan oo dareenka iyo hawlaha bulshada.

Zionism iyo hantiwadaagga

In 1916, Martin Buber noqday editor ee sare oo ka mid ah bil kasta "Der Yuudas". Qoraalkan waxa uu noqday afka ah ee soo nooleenta ruuxi Yuhuudda. Wuxuu aasaasay Guddiga Yuhuudda Qaranka, kaas oo bilowga ah ee World koowaad ee matalayay danaha yurubta bari ee Yishuv. Ugu dambayntiina, 1920, falsafo diyaariyey booskiisa bulshada. Oo wuxuu iyagii ku wacdiyey in Prague dulman Congress. Taas waa isku mid dhawaaqa fasalka ee hantiwadaagga. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo su'aasha qaranka, Buber dhawaaqay "nabadda iyo walaaltinimada leh dadka Carabta," ku booriyay labada wadan ka wada saanqaadi "on a hooyo cusub caadi ah." Jago I - Waxaad, wada dhinac walba uu maqli karo iyo inay fahmaan "runta" ah oo kale ah, la sameeyey ayaa sal u ah falsafadda ah fekeraya ah.

Dagaalkii Adduunka ee II oo sano ka dib

In muddo ah ka dhexeeya labada dagaallo, Buber shaqeeyay Jaamacadda Frankfurt. Isna wuxuu u adeegay sida professor ah in waaxda anshaxa iyo falsafada ah ee diinta Yuhuudda. Marka xoogga ee saddexaad iyo soddon yimid hantiwadaagnimadu Qaranka, falsafo dhumiyay shaqadiisa. Si dhakhso ah, oo uu ku qasbay in ay ka cararaan ka Germany si Switzerland. Laakiin markii danbe uu u haajirtay iyo dalka in ka ahaadaan dhex dhexaad dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Martin Buber, taas oo soo xiganaya noolaanshaha nabad u dhexeeya Yuhuudda iyo Falastiin, hoogtay, waxay ahaayeen "cod cidlada kaga qaylinaya", dhaqaaqay Yeruusaalem. In magaalada quduuska ah iyo falsafo uu ku noolaa ka 1938 si ay u 1965. Wuxuu on 13 June ku geeriyooday da'da toddoba iyo siddeetan sannadood jirtay. In Israa'iil, Buber shaqeeyay ah borofisar ka tirsan waaxda cilmiga ee Jaamacadda Yeruusaalem. In si demoqaraadiyad hore, in uu helay horyaalka sharaf of Guddoomiyehii ugu horeeyay ee Academy Israa'iil ee Sciences.

hab Anthropological in falsafadda ah Martin Buber

Inkasta oo uu weli arday, Faylasuuf gaalda kaqeybqaateen wadahadalada dhalinyarada Nietzschean. Madhabta oo ka mid ah hoggaamiye oo dadkii badnaa, "nin yar" waxa uu ahaa aan la aqbali karin isaga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ogaaday in Nietzsche isku dayeen in ay u saaray safka hore ee dhibaatada jiritaanka gaar ah aadanaha ee dunida ka halkaas oo "Ilaah diido in dadka ku jira hortiisa." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in wax laga qabto oo ku saleysan qiimaha qof kasta, u maleeyeen Martin Buber. "Dhibaatada nin" - horrayn waa shaqo ah ayuun taas oo saynisyahan a naqdiyay Nietzsche postulates. "Doonistiisu u yahay xoogga" kartaa in aadan, in uu ra'yi, u adeegaan sida nuurka oo hagaya for shaqsiyad xoogan oo jinni oo lacag la'aan ah. Habkan oo kaliya waxay keeni doontaa in kaligii weyn. In wada hadal Nietzsche ee, iyo sidoo kale sarkhaansan Dilthey iyo Ziemer, macalimiinta uu, in Buber ee qaan uu fikrad u gaar ah ee cilmiga aadanaha.

Martin Buber, "Adiga iyo I": kooban

Shaqada Tani, dabcan, la odhan karaa waa shuqullada weyn ee falsafada ah fikir. Waxaa Buber Yeela la xiriirta qolfo leh oo kala duwan "Waxaan - Waa" iyo "I - Adigu". Kaliya ee Xaalada danbe, wada hadalka suurtagalka ah, isgaarsiinta xidhiidh nool. Marka qof loola jeedaa wax ama qof sida "u" jirsado isticmaalka a adeegayaa. Laakiin qof - waa hab iyo gool ma. La xiriira kale sida in "Adiga" siinayaa qaybgalaha in wada hadal ah ee ruuxiga ah dabeecadda, qiimo leh. Bronis³aw Malinowski soo bandhigay dheer "Mana" isbeddelkaas falsafada. Kanu waa eraygii a Tahiti si sax ah ka tarjumaysaa dareenka doreligioznogo aragti, dareen xoog aan la arki karin qaada qof, xayawaan, geed, iyo xataa ifafaale ah ee mowduuca. Sida laga soo xigtay Buber, kuwaas oo laba nooc oo xiriir dawadda soo horjeeda fikradaha dunida. Dabcan, qofka ka Helayn adag tahay in la sii joogto ah ku jira xaalad ah "I - Adigu". Laakiin mid ka mid ah in had iyo jeer loola jeedaa dunida ka baxsan sida "u" naftiisa u lumiya ay.

Diinta

shaqo kale oo asaasi ah, kuwaas oo ku qoray Martin Buber - "Laba images of iimaanka." In kitaabkan, falsafo Yeeray aragnimada carruurnimada uu gelayaa dunida dhuur ee, a yar saaidka ah Hasidism galay. Waxa uu hor keeno Talmuudka Yuhuudda. Sidoo kale waa suurto gal ah in la kala saaro laba siyaabood oo aasaasi ah si ay u iimaanka. First, pistis - a maangalka ah "Giriigga ah ee" hab. Dareenkan, iimaanka - tixgeliyaa macluumaad. Waxa loo yeedhi karaa aqoonta ama xitaa "mala-awaal cilmiyeed". iimaanka noocan oo kale ah "pistis" joogsadaa "emunah". Waxay ku salaysan tahay isku halleeya, jacayl ku nool, ixtiraam leh in ay Ilaah sida "Waad." Buber raad sida hore Masiixiyada si tartiib ah ka tago ka ruuxa Qudduuska ah ee la xidhiidha wadnaha, dareen-aragtida reer Aabbihiinna jannada ku, si uu aamino Church ee iyada arrimo set dhintay.

mysticism

In ka jaamacadood ee Zurich iyo Vienna, Martin Buber, kuwaas oo falsafada waa ka dhiiran tahay in existentialism, koorsooyinka psychoanalysis dhagaysto. Waxa uu xiiseynayo in shakhsiyadda aadanaha ee dhammaan dhinacyada ay. Fikradaha saynisyahan mysticism aan arko sida cudurada dhimirka. mawduuca uu sha phD ahaa daraasad dhamaystiran of falsafadda ah Meister Eckhart iyo Yakoba Bome. mysticism dabayaaqadii Kuwani Jarmal qarniyadii dhexe ay saamayn weyn ku Buber. Sida ardayga ee Dilthey, Faylasuuf isku dayay inuu la qabsado waayo-aragnimo diiniga ah ee Dominican Eckhart khasaarahanaga. Waayo, Xajka toobadda iyo Soonka, wax kasta oo dhaqan-galku oo dhan, waa waxtar lahayn haddii mid ka mid ma ay doondoonaan wadaagis la leh Ilaah. Boehme ayaa sidoo kale sheegtay in amarrada waa in ay gudaha in la qoro on loox oo qalbiga ku jira, oo aan ka baxsan noqon sida dogmas.

«Warkii Chassidic»

arrimuhu dhuur ee Yuhuudda - waa hamiday ah, kaas oo dhamaadka nolosha waxaay awoodda Martin Buber. Buugaagta ee Hassidism author this ayaa lagu turjumey luqado badan. In iyaga, wuxuu isku dayaa inuu u muujiyo rumaysad wadahadal kula Ilaah, sida trust ku nool abuura a. Shaqada final ahaa "dhaqan Chassidic." Afka Ruushka ayaa lagu tarjumay oo keliya kii ugu horreeyey ee mugga. In kitaabkan, Buber Hasidism siiyey image cusub - kiina suugaanta. Ilaah waa u muujiyey iyada oo taxane ah oo kalsooni u sheegto sheekada. sidaas oo kaliya in, sida uu sheegay Martin Buber, suuragalnimada in la dhiso buundada wada hadal u dhexeeya nin iyo "dabanicis", oo u dhexeeya "I" iyo "aad." Habkan ayaa haatan lagu eedeynayaa by Gershoom Scholem, aasaasihii waxbarasho waxbarasho ee dhaqdhaqaaqa asalka ah ee diinta Yuhuudda. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in Buber tiray dhaxalka falsafadeed ee Hasidism.