Gubashadii of heretic ah. Church iyo kufaar

Waxaa sidaas waxay u noqotay in kufaar ah, laakiin halkii ay ku cadaab ah kufaar ah, inta badan waxay xusuusteen in la xidhiidha geedi socodka Witching iyo aarguda ah - sifo ifafaale of Europe ah, inta badan ee Italy, Koonfurta France, Spain iyo Portugal. Laakiin waxa uu noqon lahaa qalad in loo qaato in dalalka ka baxsan kontoroolka ee Pope ah, mucaaradka ah dareemi karaa ammaan ah. gubashadii Dadweynaha ee kufaar ah - nooca ugu badan ee Cadaab - dhaqma in Byzantium iyo Russia.

Asalkii bidcinimo

Laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ah ee "faasiqnimo" waxaa loola jeedaa "jihada" ama "dugsiga". Marka waagu ka mid ah Christian, 1-2 qarniyo n-th. e., nidaam diinta hal weli ma horumariyo. Waxaa jira bulshooyin badan, wayse iskhilaafeen, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ku socdo gaar fasiray qeybo ka mid ah waxbarashada, midnimada, nooca Masiix iyo Virgin Mary, xukunka, qaab dhismeedka jaranjaro Kaniisadda. In BC qarnigii 4aad. e. Tani joojiyo in Constantine Emperor ah: iyada oo aan taageero ka xoogga cilmaani ah kiniisadda rasmiga ah, halka weli daciif ah, ma mideeyo yaabaa nidaam ah. Heresies, Arianism ugu horeysay lagu dhawaaqey, ka dibna Nestorianism. Donatists ayaa ku silciyey tan iyo Montanists. Madaxda Church hore qarniyadii dhexe, hanuuniyey by warqadihiisii New Testament, siiyey fikirkan xidhiidh xun. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gubashadii of kufaar ah oo khatar ku jirta waqti aan weli noqon mid caadi ah.

Caqiidooyin dhaxaltooyo bilaabo marxalad cusub ma ahayn faallo siyaasadeed ama mid bulsho dhalaalaysa. Laakiin muddo ka dib, Mu'miniintu waxay bilaabeen inay cambaarayn jira madaxda kaniisadda, Church ee kaashanaya awoodda cilmaani ah, kobcinta wadaaddada iyo labawejiilenimadooda.

Cathars The

In qarniyadii 11-13 th, dababka shidmay Europe oo dhan. gubashadii of heretic ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in madaxda kiniisadda jidka ugu fudud in laga takhaluso mucaaradka. kala Church galay Western (Catholic) iyo Bariga (Orthodox) oo noolaa qarnigii 11-dar dar geliyay in ay soo bixitaanka of Caqiidooyin cusub. Colka ugu caansan fikradeed ee kiniisadda kaatooligga noqday Cathars, ama "nadiif ah". Inta badan horumariyo nidaamka fiqi ahaaneed ee uu ku salaysan yahay dhaqanka jaahilka, gaar ahaan Manichaeism, kaas oo la qiyaasayo in ay simanyihiin ciidamada Ilaah iyo Ibliiska. Cathars qalab dunida ma fiirsan kaamil ah. Waxay dhaleeceeyay hay'adaha dawladda, sheekh dulun iyo si cad loo yaqaan Pope wuxuu midiidin ah Ibliiska. Cathars wacdiyey gunti, wanaaggiisa, dadaalkaas. Waxay sameeyay ururkooda kiniisadda u gaar ah, iyo amar weyn. Mararka qaarkood erayga "axal" isu keeno wakiillo ka saynisyahano kale la sifooyinka la mid ah, ee Waldensians, Bogomils ah, Paulicians. In 1209, Pope Innocent III qaaday Cathars si dhab ah oo ku talinaya sayidyada deriska ah ciribtirka kufaar ah oo ay dalkoodii isu qaadan.

Dagaalka looga soo horjeedo kufaar

Sheekh ka doorteen si ay ula mucaaradka gacmaha taliyayaasha dhaw ka qabtaan. Kuwa inta badan aysan waxba ka qabin, sababta oo ah naftooda, waxay ka cabsadeen reer ogsoonaa. Xaalkaas - In 1215, Innocent III jirka gaar ah oo maxkamadda wacdina la aasaasay. Shaqaalaha (inta badan ka Order Dominican - "Dogs Rabbiga") waa doondoono kufaar ah, in la sameeyo eedeymaha iyaga ka gees ah, si ay su'aalo iyo ciqaabo.

jirrabaadda kuwa heretic ah waxaa inta badan la socda jirdil (Hangman tahay in muddo this heshay kicinta ah ee horumarinta, waxaana uu sameeyay arsenal cajiib ah oo ah alaabta jirdil). Laakiin iyadoo aan loo eegin waxa lagu soo dhameystiray baaritaan, xukumidda iyo dil ahaa si ay u fuliyaan qof cilmaani ah. Waa maxay xukunka lagu riday oo intaa ka badan? Gubasho ah kufaar kulmintii badan oo dad ah. Waa maxay sababta gubanaya? Maxaa yeelay rigoore waxay ahayd inuu noqdo sida in Church ma qabsan karo dhiig ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, olol ka fadilnaa guryaha daahirintiisa aawadeed.

autos

gubanaya of kufaar wuxuu ahaa fal cabsi. Sidaa darteed, dil ahaa inuu joogo sida ugu badan ee suurto galka ah ee dadka fasalada oo dhan. Xafladda ayaa waxaa maamula on fasax oo la odhan jiray "auto de Fe" ( "fal rumaysad"). Habeeynimadii of goobta lagu qurxiyey, biliij for noblemen iyo musqulaha dadweynaha dhisay. dawanno Church la geeyay duub maro qoyan, maxaa yeelay, waxay ka dhawaajiyeen more cidhiidhi iyo "baroor". Oo aroorta, wadaadkii dabaal mass, inquisitor lagu wacdiyaa, iyo dugsiyada gabyeen heeso. Ugu dambeyntii, weeraha lagu dhawaaqay. Markaas ay wadeen. gubashadii of heretic ahaa mid ka mid ah Cadaab ugu daran waa la fuliyay in qaabka guud ee autos. Sidoo kale dhaqma Falsau (tus, Xajka) calaamadaha nolosha xiran caan, si cad flagellation, xabsi.

Laakiin haddii eedaymaha ahaayeen halis ah, Xukumanuhu waxa uu ahaa mid gebi ahaanba aan lahayn fursad. Sidaas darteed of "kufaar" jirdil kiisaska intooda badan, ayuu qirtay dembigiisa. Ka dib markii in, waxay udavlivali iyo gubay meydkii xidhan post a. Haddii, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka hor inta uu dil, ayuu si lama filaan ah waxay bilaabeen inay ka Gaaloobaan waxa aan ka hor sheegay, waxaa la sugaya nool oo gubanaya, mararka qaar in ka badan kulayl yar yahay, (waayo, qori cayriin si gaar ah loo diyaariyey).

Yaa kale wuxuu u dhigmaa kufaar ah?

Haddii qof uma aan iman qaraabada maxaabiista 'waa in la dilaa, waa la tuhunsan yahay ayaa laga yaabaa oo ah. Sidaa darteed autos ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa oo caan ah. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in meel ka mid ah qofka la xukumay ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ku dhowaad qof, dadkii badnaa ka dhigay madadaalo ah "kufaar" iyo iyaga Daadiyey cay.

Gubidda hanjabay ma aha oo kaliya ka soo horjeeda siyaasad iyo fikradeed ee Church iyo amiirradii dhulgoosadka. dil Mass haweenka eedeeyay sixirka (iyaga waxay ahayd habboon in la baddalo eedda waayo, dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee masiibooyinka), saynisyahano - inta badan cirbixiyeyaasha, faylosuufiinta markaasay dhakhtarradii (sida kiniisadda isku hallaysay jaahilnimada dadka oo ahaa mid aan xiiso faafinta aqoonta), alifay, (waayo, isku dayayaan si loo hagaajiyo dhammaataan diyaarin dunida Ilaah), suufiyadoodii orday, gaalo (gaar ahaan Yuhuudda), wacyigaliyo ee diimaha kale. Dhab ahaantii, xukumi kari waayay qof iyo wax. sidoo kale ogsoonow in kaniisadda qaaday hantida ka mid ah gar qaybshay.

Church iyo kufaar ah in Russia

Colka ugu muhiimsan ee Church Orthodox ee Old Mu'miniinta bilaabay. Laakiin kala dhacay oo keliya qarnigii 17aad, iyo ilaa wakhtigaas, dalka oo dhan si firfircoon gubanaya wakiillo ka bidcinimo kala duwan dareen xagga fikradaha ah iyo bulshada: Strigolniki, Yuhuudda iyo kuwa kale. Waxaan sidoo kale toogasho hanti buugaagta dhaxaltooyo, hadan ka dhanka ah Church of Masiix iyo Maryan oo bikrad ah, sixirka, ka caleemaha keniisad ah. Guud ahaan, Muscovy khilaafeen yar ka in Spain on qayb ka mid ah "inquisitors" maxaliga ah isweyneyn, marka laga reebo in xukun dil ah ay ahaayeen kuwo ka badan kala duwan oo lahaa cayimayo qaran, tusaale ahaan, gubashadii of kufaar ah waxaa fuliyey ma on baallaha, iyo guriga alwaax.

Ruush Church Orthodox oo keliya 1971 aqoonsan khaladaad ay si xushmad leh Mu'miniinta Hore. Laakiin toobad kale "kufaar ah," ma aysan soo bixin.