Waajibaadka qasabka ah yaroow ku tiirsan. shaqo khasab ah waa ridayeen ku tiirsan

bulshada dhulgoosadka dalalka Yurub bilaabeen in ay kasoo baxdo bartamihii qarnigii 16aad. Waxaa markaas in fasalka gaarka ah ee dadka ayaa loo qoondeeyay ahaa - yaroow, kuwaas oo ku noolaa dhulka milkiilaha dalka ama sayidkii dhulgoosadka, oo waxay ahaayeen xiran gabi ahaanba ama qayb ahaan. Oo aan marka laga reebo, yaroow oo dhan waxaa la soo dersay qasabka ah. waajibaadka Khasabka ee fasalka ahaayeen tiro badan, ka hawl-maalmeedka ee xaafadda dhulgoosadka adeegga military. Darnaanta culaysyada shaqada ku xiran arrimo badan, oo ay ku jiraan da'da beeralay ah, kartida iyo xirfada uu. Inta badan saraakiisha dhulgoosadka, iyadoo la isticmaalayo xooggiisa, magacaabi kari lahaa culays dheeraad ah si ay kuwii lahaa ay dislike shakhsi. Waa waajibaadka qasabka ah yaroow tiirsan noqdo dulucda ugu weyn ee ku qeexan qodobkan.

yaroow tiirsan, Kanu yuu yahay?

Tixgeli ku tiirsanaanta qaabka yaroow ka mulkiilaha ama sayidkii dhulgoosadka ah: dhamaystiran oo aan dhamaystirnayn. Gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan tahay milkiilaha qastaan ayaa lagu magacaabay shakhsi ahaan ku tiirsan. Ay booska bulshada ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu xun. Waxay lahaa ma aha oo kaliya xaq u lahaanshaha on shey kasta, oo ay ku jiraan dhar, laakiin sidoo kale xaq u leedahay in xoriyadda hadalka, iyo xataa noloshooda iyaga u gaar ah. Qaabkan tiirsanaanta ridayeen ahaa caan ku ah dalalka ay ku addoonsiga curisey. waajibaadka qasabka ah yaroow ku tiirsan of fasalka this ma waxaa lala tiigsan karaa xitaa in ay dhacdo dabeecad aan munaasib ahayn xagga iyaga ciidankii. sayidkiisu dhulgoosadka, markeeda, lahaa xaq u leeyahay inuu eedayn ridayeen si ay ciqaabta jirka iyo xataa wuxuu naftiisa u bixiyaa Gaf kasta oo qaadan.

tiirsanaanta-time qayb ka mid ah yaroow koobnaa inta badan in ay hoos jooge dhaqaale Rabbiga. Mid ka mid ah waajibaadka khasab ah oo ka mid ah yaroow ku tiirsan - shaqada ee beeraha ama in ay aqoon iswaydaarsi ah odayga. Waxaa adeegani uu estate ama xaafadda, waxay waqti isku mid ah waxay leeyihiin xuquuq shakhsi: si xor ah, si ay u bartaan ama iibiyo hantidiisa u gaar ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, muujinta axmaqnimo ah ama daaweyn cadaalad darro in sayidkaygiiyow dhulgoosadka ku soo ridayeen laga yaabaa in dacwad dhanka sharciga ah. shaqo khasab ah waa ridayeen ku tiirsan haddii ay dhacdo tiirsanaanta qayb ahaan waxaa ku koobnayn shaqaynayn deynta ama kirada loo isticmaalo waxay Dhagri dalka u siiyey isaga inay by sayidkii dhulgoosadka. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in beeralayda badan oo aan awoodin in ay iibsadaan hantida ku taal dalka ama qalabka si ay u maareeyaan, sayidyadaydiiyow inta badan loo isticmaalaa this, iyo "deyn" isaga ah labaatankii sano ee yar gudahood.

Calaamadaha hawl dhaqaalaha dhulgoosadka

Like wax ifafaale kale oo dhaqaale ama bulsho, waajib qasbay yaroow tiirsan la go'aamin karaa by tiro ka mid ah muuqaalada sifo, taas oo ka mid ah kuwa soo socda:

1. beeralay tiirsan leedahay inay dalka in uu yahay hantida sayidkii dhulgoosadka isticmaalaan.
2. Intaa waxaa dheer in ay ka shaqeeyaan qoondeysnaa dalka iyaga u gaar ah, iyo goob beeralay kaymo ee dalka, kaas oo uu ku qoran sida a "dubaan," oo dhan, iyo wax soo saarka ka ahaa, sayidkaygiiyow, Gaarna dhulgoosadka.
3. Wixii lagu daaweyn jiray haystaa dalka (ridayeen iyo dubaan) loo isticmaalo qalabka beeraha, oo ay ku jiraan faras ka tirsan beeralay ah.
4. Waayo, qaab ka daalina ridayeen hawl la ciqaabi karaa qaab kordhaya tirada lacagta masruufka ah (Abaal Marintooda Sugan) ama marka la eego dheeraad ah oo shaqada pro bono on sayidkaygiiyow dhulgoosadka (serfdom).

In noocyada kale ee shaqada lagu qasbay in wax soo saarka ee soo ridayeen dhulgoosadka jira xoogaa kala duwan. Ha ka fikiro si aynu si faahfaahsan mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah.

Waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee nidaamka corvée

Sida kor ku xusan, waxaa jira dhawr nooc oo ah shaqo, taas oo dadka ku tiirsan ma qaadato lacag-bixinta ee Dr Makumbe Europe. Mid ka mid ah waajibaadka khasab ah oo ka mid ah yaroow ku tiirsan - boon - waxaa loo qaybiyey ku dhowaad reer galbeedka iyo Bariga Yurub, oo ay ku jiraan Russia oo dhan. Nuxurka of noocan oo kale ah adeeg shaqada ay ahayd in ay dadka ku tiirsan unremunerated beeraha dhulgoosadka isticmaalaya alaabada u gaar ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, ninkii beerrey ah iyo dhul kaymo, sii kordhaya iyo cuntada soo saara ay isticmaalka u gaar ah. khasaare ugu weyn ee nidaamka corvee ahaa baahi sii for kormeerka by sayidkii, maxaa yeelay waxa ay inta badan ku khasban in ay la shaqeeyaa ay fuliyeen by qastaan on a "bartey".

Gobolada Dr Makumbe Barshchina (beeralayda ku tiirsan qasbay hawlgalka) waxaa uu ahaa qiyaastii 8-9 ilaa qarnigii 18aad. ugu ballaaran loo isticmaalo qaab this foosha la bixin ayaa ku urursaday dalkii reer Russia iyo gobolka waxa halkaas ka jiray ku dhowaad ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad ee hoos magaca "sharecropping".

Features of dhaqaalaha kirada-bixinta

Kale oo ka mid ah waajibaadka qasabka ah oo ka mid ah yaroow tiirsan in Dr Makumbe Europe - kirada - waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan waqti isku mid ah sida boon ah. Nuxurka of this ifafaale ka kooban yahay in xaqiiqda ah in dhammaan sayidkaygiiyow dalka, kiraysan beeralay yaa kaymo on iyaga u gaar ah oo isticmaalaya ay isku alaabada.

Harvest ka sirqoollada helay, kala qaybiyaa laba qaybood, mid ka mid ah taas oo ahayd in lacag Rabbiga dhulgoosadka iyo beeralay kale loo isticmaalo ee u bannaan. In la xidhiidha faafinta iyo horumarinta farsamada dabiiciga ah (cuntada) kireystay isku darka lacagta, iyo in xaafadaha qaar ka mid ah, oo isna wuxuu iyaga by bedelay. waajib qasab yaroow tiirsan noocan oo kale ah, sida kirada dabiiciga ah iyo lacag caddaan ah, in qaxtootiga ay horyaalka xitaa weyn ee shaqada iyo, sida natiijo ah, horumarinta xiriirka badeecadaha-lacag.

kirada shaqada

kirada Labor sida nooc ka mid ah shaqada lagu qasbay ahaa mid ka mid ah ugu sahlan ee. In the case of ridayeen ku tiirsan uu ka qaybtii dhulgoosadka dalka, taranta xoolaha, qalabka beeraha iyo qalabka kale ee la helay. Sida lacagta loo isticmaalo alaabta, kuwaas oo, uu lahaa inuu ka shaqeeyo wax soo saarka ee mulkiilaha muddo go'an. By habka, nidaamka this of hawl ahaa ugu badan ee wadamada bariga, halkaas oo shiidaa ma tiirsanaanta shakhsi ahaaneed ee qastaan. Kirada waxaa inta badan la bixiyaa alaabta soo saaray in dhaqaalaha soo ridayeen ku tiirsan, maacuunta, dahabka, maro ama lacag.