Faraqa semantic

faraqa Semantic - hab horumariyo by nafsiga American Charles Osgood si loo cabbiro macnaha connotative erayada, wax, fikrado, qiimaha dhaqanka. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in kala duwan ee waxbarashada cilmiga, sidoo kale marketing, cilmi baarista, waayo-aragnimo user, therapy.

Waxaa jira laba qiimeeyo cutubyo luqada (erey): denotative iyo connotative. Denotation - a miraheeda waxaa weeya. Xidhiidhaa - macnaha muujinaya. Tusaale ahaan, ka fiirso erayga "Shabeel" ama "gorgor." Waxay wakiil xayawaanka, laakiin macnaha connotative - xoog, xoog.

In 1950 hore, Charlz Osgud iyo asxaabtii uu isticmaalo thesaurus ah "Roget ee Thesaurus" in ay soo saaraan miisaan bipolar, taas oo ku xidhan ee isku lidka ah semantic: "wanaagsan-xun", "dhakhso-gaabis ah", "nadiif ah-wasakh ah", "qiimo-wax aan waxtar lahayn "" kaliya-dulmi, "" jilicsan-adag "iyo wixii la mid ah. Osgood yeedhay baaxadda sida soo socota: faraqa semantic sida ay u kala ku saleysan ratio ee xoogga garashada shakhsi ahaan ka mid ah macnayaasha aadanaha connotative erayada.

Kooxda cilmi-baarista waxay ahayd inay awoodaan inay isticmaalaan awood halka technology computer iyo falanqaynta factor si ay u sahamiyaan xaddi badan oo data iyadoo la kaashanayo "garsoorayaasha" badan (dadka caadiga ah martiqaaday in ay muujiyaan dabeecad), kuwaas oo lagu qiimeeyaa in ka badan kun fikrado on qolfo badan, kala duwan semantic. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd helitaanka boos semantic - waxaa jira saddex cabbirka asaasiga ah ee aragtida, mid kasta in ay deegaan bulshada, iyadoo aan loo eegin luqadda ama dhaqanka. tijaabo Xiga cilmi badan oo caalamka ah ayaa xaqiijiyay in ansaxnimada bannaan ee semantic iyo saxsanaanta dhaqanka cross-.

faraqa Semantic qiyaas reactions dadka si ay u erayada heshaa iyo fikradaha la eego ku taxaluqda qiimeynta lagu qiyaasay in qolfo bipolar antonyms afka qaarkood in dhamaadka kasta oo baaxadda.

Ka dib markii waxbarashada macnaha connotative of fikradaha badan, Charlz Osgud iyo saaxiibtiis ayaa loo aqoonsaday saddex qiyaasay baaxadda kooban todoba qodob oo aasaasi ah: "qiimaynta", "awood", "waxqabad":

- Good _3 ___ __ __ 2: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 ___ _-: __ __- 2: __- 3__Plohoy;

- Strong _3 ___ __ __ 2: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 ___ _-: __ __- 2: __- 3__Slaby;

- Active _3 ___ __ __ 2: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 _- ___: __ __- 2: __- 3__Passivny:

The "0" waxaa loola jeedaa ratio ee dhex-dhexaad ah, "1" - "wax yar", "2" - "si buuxda", "3" - "aad u".

Sida caadiga ah, qofku noqdo mid xiiso qaar ka mid ah fikradaha, sida "Red Shiinaha" iyo weyddiiyaan oo ku yidhaahdaan si ay u qiimeeyaan on tiro ka mid ah qolfo leh. Si ay u falanqeeyaan ururka of Cadilka shaqsi lagu dari karaa siyaabo kala duwan.

Habka kala duwan semantic loo isticmaalo sababo badan.

oo laba laba-cirifoodka adjectival - fudud, hab kharash-ool ah taas oo suurto gal ah si ay u helaan xogta gaar ah, oo ku salaysan faham shakhsi ahaan dadka macnaha connotative erayada. Kuwaas oo sadex dhinac, u muuqdaan in ay u sameeyaan nooc ka mid ah "sifooyinka bulshada iyo dareenka" dadka.

In cilmi nafsiga, faraqa semantic waxaa loo isticmaalaa in maskaxda macmiilka xuddun for qeexidda "is-fikirka." codsiyada kale ee habka ay u kala duwan semantic - cilmi baaris suuqa, falanqaynta warbaahinta, cilmi bulsho, gaar ahaan waxyaabaha kuwa, shirkadaha, dadka, image of taas oo uu leeyahay in la falanqeeyay.

Waayo, faraqa semantic u baahan yahay jawaab-bixio. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay leeyihiin waxgarasho wanaagsan, afka si ay u awoodaan in ay "haleelaan" uu kala duwan ugu fiican. Sida caadiga ah, ma ku haboon yahay carruurta, laakiin waxaa jira aragti ah sii kordhaya oo ka mid ah ardayda habka cudurka macallinka of kala duwan semantic ah. Qalab siinaysaa natiijooyin xiiso leh in xuduuda u dhaxeysa deegaanka cilmi afaf iyo cilmi nafsiga ah.