Ethanoic acid. guryaha Physical, diyaarinta iyo isticmaalka

Ethanoic acid (magac kale - acetic acid) - waa walax organic oo taharyar aad u aasaasi ah carboxylic acid. The taagayo of acid this waxaa lagu magacaabaa acetates. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo walax this waxaa laga heli karaa ethanoic Ester methyl acid: ethanal = + ethanoic Ester methyl acid.
guryaha Physical ethanoic acid

1. ethanoic acid (formula - CH3COOH) waa dareere ah oo aan midab iyo ur iyo dhadhan dhanaan xun.
2. hygroscopic. Rowan L. biyo.
3. acid ethanoic miscible la qase ugu. Waxaa si fiican u yahay gaasaska L iyo xeryahooda ka imanba sida HI (iodide hydrogen), HF (fluoride hydrogen), HBr (bromide hydrogen), HCL (Aashito) iyo kuwo kale oo badan.
4. Waxaa jira sida toosan iyo dimers xilliile ah.
5. joogto The dielectric ee 6.1.
6. heerkulka alaabeed hawada waa 454 digrii.
7. foomamka ethanoic acid azeotropes la tetrachloride carbon, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, heptane, ethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, o-xylene, p-xylene iyo bromoforom.

Ethanoic acid waxaa laga heli karaa siyaabo dhowr ah:

1. By oksidheeyeyaal acetaldehyde la oxygen ka hawada. Tani waxa suuragal ah keliya in joogitaanka Hannaan - copolymer manganese at heerkul ah 50 ilaa 60 digrii. falcelinta waa sida soo socota:

2CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + O2 (oxygen) = 2CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

2. Hababka The oxidative loo isticmaalo warshadaha. Markii hore, waayo, qayilo acid ethanoic of butane waxaa loo isticmaalay iyo acetaldehyde.

Atsetilaldegid oxidized kaliya ee ay joogaan of copolymer manganese at cadaadis kacsantahay iyo heerkulka. dhalidda ee ethanoic acid waxay ahayd abbaaraha shan iyo sagaashan boqolkiiba.

2CH3CHO + O2 = 2CH3COOH

N-butane waxaa oxidized at heerkul ah 150 ilaa 200 digrii. Marka copolymer Cobalt this u dhaqmo sidii qaar kaaliya.

2C4H10 + 5O2 = 4CH3COOH + 2H2O

Laakiin sabab u kaca weyn ee qiimaha saliidda, labada habab, kuwaas oo noqday waxtar iyo ayaa ugu dhakhsaha badan khiyaaneeyey by habka ku ool ah waayo carbonylation ee methanol.

3. carbonylation The horseed ee methanol - waa hab muhiim ah oo acid ethanoic ereygu wuxuu. Waxay dhacdaa isla'egta shuruud:

CH3OH + CO = CH3COOH

4. Waxa kale oo jira hab-soo-saarka lagmamaarmaanna kaas oo isticmaala awoodda sheyga in oxidize ethanol. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan halsano acetic. Marka ay tani waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida a ceeriin wax aqueous Ester khamriga ethyl ama dareere etanolosoderzhaschie (Casiir si cajiib leh). Tani multi-tallaabo habka adag. Waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa by isla'egta soo socda:
CH3CH2OH (khamriga ether) + O2 (oxygen) = CH3COOH (acid ethanoic) + H2O
codsiga

- xal aqueous ethanoic acid loo adeegsado warshadaha cuntada, ku karinta iyo ilaalinta;

- ethanoic acid waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la abuuro walxaha odoriferous iyo daroogada (acetone, acetylsalisylsyre);

- isticmaalo ee dyeing iyo daabacaadda;

- sida dhexdhexaad dareen-celin waayo qayilo ee qaar ka mid ah walxaha organic (hydrogen qayilo waxaay sheegayaan of sulfides) ah;

- tan iyo lammaane acid ethanoic leedahay ur pungent xun, waxa loo isticmaali karaa halkii ammonia.