Erayada Ruush Native: tusaalooyin. erayga Ruush huriye

In this article, waxaan ka fiirsan doonaa af qaababka sida erayada Ruush huriye iyo hooyo. On asalka ah ee erayada hooyo Ruush ma aha uniform. Waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr lakab, taas oo ku kala duwan yihiin wakhtiga ay dhacdo.

Indoevropeizmy

The ugu qadiimiga ah ee indoevropeizmy Ruush qadiimiga ah waa, in uu yahay, erayada ku dhex maray afka ka markii midnimada Indo-Yurub. Under fikrado ah cilmibaadhayaasha ka, waxaa jiray ilbaxnimada Indo-Yurub ee 5-4 qarniyo BC, gudaha, taas oo la midoobin qabiilooyinka kala duwan ee ku nool aag si caddaalad ah oo waaweyn. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi by saynisyahano qaar ka mid ah, goobtan ka River Yenisei ilaa tan iyo Webiga Volga fidiyey. Qaar kale waxay soo jeedinayaan in ay ahayd deegaamaynta ah South Ruush ama Balkan-Danube. Noocan oo kale ah bulshada a luqadaha sida Indo-Yurub, calaamadsan bilowgii luqadaha Yurub, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah Asian (sida Sanskrit, Bengali).

Words, dib u-af hoggamiye ka, ku salaysan bulshada this socday wakiil xoolaha, dhirta, macdanta iyo birta, foomka of maamulka, qalab, noocyada kala duwan ee qaraabonimo iyo kuwa kale - waa erayadii Ruush hooyo. Tusaalayaal: salmon, geedkii ku, in Yeeyi Cunto, goose, copper, oo ido ah, malab, naxaas ah, ina, hooyo, habeenkii, gabadhii, baraf, magnifier, cusub, biyo, iyo tolo kale.

erayga Common Slavonic

Lakabka soo socota erayada Ruush hooyo ka mid ah Common Slavonic, kaas oo la dhaxlaa Slavic (ie hoggamiye-Slavic) luqad guud oo Ruush. Oo waxay u adeegeen sida il ma aha oo kaliya oo ka mid ah luqadda, laakiin sidoo kale oo dhan kale Slavic. Tani waxay carrabka-saldhig jiray jeer innoo gayiga ah Vistula, cayayaan iyo Dnieper ah. meelahan la wada degganaa ku soo ururiya qabiilooyinkiinna hore ee Slavs ah. luqada Slavic Common ee BC 6-7 qarniyo burburay. Sayidka furitaanka jidka u tahay horumarka dhowr luqadood Slavic, kaas oo iska leh Ruush hore. Waa ay fududahay in ay ka soo taagan ereyga Common Slavonic iyaga in, ay asal ahaan caadi ah waa wax iska cad maanta. Waayo, kor u kacda luqada Slavic caadiga ah iyo Ruush. erayga Common Slavonic Primordially Ruush waxaa ka mid ah qayb lagama maarmaan.

Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waa magac. First of dhan, waa magacyada gaar ah waa erayadii Ruush hooyo. Tusaalayaal: cunaha, madaxa, wadnaha, gadhka, beerta, oo timir ah, kaynta, buurta, Maple, bjørk, lo'da, dibi, dubbe, mindi, fargeeto beero, deris, waxba reebin a, anoo addoonkaaga ah, martida ah, saaxiib, spinner ah, adhijir lahayn, dheryasameeyaha.

Waxaa jira aan la taaban karin, laakiin ay wax badan ka yar yihiin. Kuwani waa: doonistiisa, iimaanka, dembi, xadgudubka, ammaan, farxad, fikirka, carooday.

Waxaa ka mid ah qaybaha kale ee hadalka lagu matalayo in erayo guud Slavic iyo fal: maqlaan, arkaan, inuu la jiifsado, si ay u koraan. Magac: jir ah, dhallinyarada, khaa'in, kuwa caqliga leh. Tiro saddex, laba, mid ka mid ah. Magac: aad, aan, aad. Fal Pronominal: halkaas oo ay jiraan. erayada function Qaar ka mid ah: on, haa tahay, iyo, sida kor ku xusan, iyo kuwa kale oo Ruush hooyo erayada. Tusaale ahaan la sii wadi Karin.

erayada Slavic Common hadda ku saabsan yahay laba kun oo eray, laakiin tani waa arrin erayo yar - dictionary Ruush muhiimka ah. Waxaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu badan ee la isticmaalo, erayada stylistically dhexdhexaad ah loo isticmaalo labadaba hadal qoraal ah oo.

Lahaa source of the hoggamiye-Slavic luqada Slavic kala duwanaansho ay, kaas oo ay leeyihiin sifooyinka waxaa weeya, naxwe ahaan iyo dhawaaq oo kala duwan oo laga takooro galay soo socda saddex kooxood: bari, galbeed iyo koonfurta.

erayada Slavic Eastern

Lakabka saddexaad, kaas oo lagu helo af Ruush noqonaya ee erayada Old Ruush luqada (Eastern Slavic). Taasu waa markii dambe, kaas oo sidoo kale khuseysaa asalka ah ee erayada Ruush qadiimiga ah. erayada Tani waxaa lagu horumariyaa ku salaysan luqada Slavic Bari, mid ka mid ah saddex kooxood, kuwaas oo la isku daro Old Slavic. markii ay ka dhacdo - 7-9 qarnigii AD. By degganaa ee Yurubta Bari gaashaanbuur dib qabiil dadyowga Ukraine, Ruushka iyo Belarus. Taasi waa sababta inta kale ee muddo this ee erayada luqada our lagu yaqaan iyo labada kale, Belarus iyo Ukraine, laakiin idinka maqan yahay luqadaha oo ka mid ah koonfurta iyo Slavs galbeedka.

Waxaad dooran kartaa soo socda iska leh luqada Slavic East. Sida erayada kuwa loo isticmaalo luqadda tan iyo bilowgii aad u, waxa aan la qaaday, waxa ay sidoo kale waa erayo Ruush hooyo. tusaale:

- magacyada shimbiraha, xoolaha, Dabagaale, eyga, duck, Diiqu, bullfinch;

- magacyada qalab: daab, faas,

- magacyada alaabta guriga: baaldi, kabaha, Ruble, naxashka;

- magacyada dadka shaqooyinka: kariyo, nijaar, Miller, kabo tole,

- magacyada degsiimooyinka kala duwan: dejinta, tuulo, iyo kooxaha kale ee keli-semantic.

erayada Dhab Ruush

Next, lakabka afraad ah, kaas oo la soo kabsaday karo - dhab ahaantii waa erayo Ruush, kaas oo la sameeyay ka dib markii qarnigii 14aad, ie muddada horumarinta madax banaan ee Belarus, Ukraine iyo kuwa kala afka Ruush. Waxay hore u muuqan dhigma ay muujinta waxyaabaha qaarkood ama ifafaale.

Dhab ahaantii erayada Ruush lagu kala sooci karaa iyada oo ku saleysan derivative ah: buug, wastaad a, bulsho, cloakroom ah, iyo faragelinta kale.

Waa in la ogaadaa in kooban ee af noocan oo kale ah ayaa sidoo kale eray kala duwan ee xididdada non-hooyo in ay aadeen derivation iyo LABAGEEDI ah horgalayaasha Ruush, dabagalayaasha (non-xisbi, xisbiga, taliye, colaad, kidhligii, galaas), iyo sidoo kale isagoo saldhig adag (tareenka waxay noqon kartaa , unit radio). Waxay sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah dad badan oo kala duwan erayada slozhnosokraschennyh, taas oo qarniga 20aad biiray our luqadda: Wargeyska derbiga, LPH, derin iyo kuwa kale.

Haddaba erayada Ruush hooyo joogto ah u koraya la inclusions cusub, kuwaas oo abuuray iyadoo la kaashanayo khayraadka eray-dhisidda our luqadda sabab u ah geedi socodka kala duwan ee dhismaha erayada.

erayga Ruush huriye

erayga ma firfircoon u isticmaalaan isla markiiba ma baabi'i ka. Waxa ay fahamsan yahay in muddo ah la hadlaya isaga, ina ogeysiiyey ka shuqullada sheekooyin. Inkastoo dhaqanka hadalka maalin kasta u baahan yihiin iyaga, waayo, mar dambe soo maray. Ereyadan noqonaya kayd dadban ee erayada iyo waa in qaamuusyo kala duwan leh oo gaar ah calaamadsan "huriye.".

erayada archaization Hab-

Sida caadiga ah archaization geedi socodka si tartiib tartiib ah soo baxa. Ka mid ah erayada huriye sidaas darteed waxaa jira kuwa "waayo-aragnimo" la taaban karo (sida this, sidaas darteed, wax casaan ah, reche, vorog, ilmaha). Qaar kale waxay ka erayo firfircoon ee ka kooban yihiin oo ka soo jeeda xaqiiqda ah in ay ka tirsan tahay muddada Old Ruush uu horumarka. Mararka qaar erayada noqon huriye in muddo gaaban of time, muuqashadiisa iyo baaba 'in muddada ugu dambeeyey. Tusaale ahaan, "Shkraba" loogu tala galay in 20 "macallin" ah. erayada kasta sida "Shaqaalaha ah", "NKVD" huriye si dhakhso ah. mar walba aan haysan magacaabista sida u dhiganta sumadaha in qaamuusyo sida habka archaism ee lagu xaqiijin karaa xataa haddii aan dhameystirneyn ah.

Sababaha archaism

Waxaa jira sababo kala duwan archaization erayada. Waxay heli karaan extralinguistic (extralinguistic) qof, haddii diidmada la xiriira isticmaalka erayada qaar la transformations bulshada. Laakiin waxaa kale oo laga yaabaa in shuruucda shuruud, iyo luqadda. Fal "gacanta midig", "oshuyu" (midig, bidix), tusaale ahaan, ka erayo firfircoon la waayay ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in dhalin ee magac ( "gacanta bidix" - "Shuitsev" iyo "gacanta midig" - "gacanta midig") arhaizovalis. Xaaladaha noocaas ah, waxay door xiriir muhiim systemic ee unugyada weeya kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, isticmaalka ereyga tagay "Shuitsev", oo sidaas awgeed maydin at link semantic kalmado kala duwan isla ahaayeen biireen xogta xididada taariikhiga ah. "Shulga" Tusaale ahaan, luqad ma ceshan in macnaha "gurran" oo ku hadhay sida magaca, taariikhdee dib ugu naaneesta. Haddaba sidaas daraaddeed eraygan waxa loo adeegsaday. About af Ruush, geedi socodka waxaa gudahood, waxaad la hadli kartaa waqti dheer. Waxaas oo dhan waa mid aad u xiiso badan. Waxaan si kooban oo kaliya, in mid ka mid ah tusaale ahaan, ku tilmaami doonaa habka caadiga ah.

jidh dumay socda lammaanaha: oshuyu-gacantiisa midig, oo uu gacantiisa midig-Shuitsev; xidhiidh la isku (oshuyu bidix). Laakiin ereyga "gacanta midig" in muddo ah, inkastoo xiriirka nidaamka archaization xidhiidh la leh, waxaa la qabtaa in our luqadda. Tusaale ahaan, in marxalad Pushkin ee loo adeegsan jiray in afka ku ladhan, "style sare," erayga. About af Ruush la dafiri karin, ee sida a joogto ah, si ay erayo la dhacsan - hab caadi ah. Erayga "oshuyu" weli kaliya sida echo ah ee shinka ah, waxay isticmaalaan oo keliya in macnaha a garneel, waxa suurto gal ahayd waqti.

Halabuurka The erayada ku dhacsan

Nuurre Aw erayada dhacsan ee asal ahaan. Ay ka kooban waxaa ka mid ah hadalka asalka Ruush (tusaale: Semo, xusay, in, lzya) iyo staroslavyanizmy (dhexda ku, dhunkasho, siman), amaahashada ka luqadood oo kala duwan ( "politesse" - "edebtooda", "safarkan" - "Journey" "abshid" - "hawlgabka").

nooleenta erayada huriye

Waxaa sidoo kale jira xaalado marka erayga Ruush huriye u dhalatey, dib reserve firfircoon ee erayada. Tusaale ahaan, in af Ruush maanta inta badan ay isticmaalaan magac socda: Wasiirka, Sarreeye, sarkaalka, askari, in shinka ka dib markii October. Waxay ku siin hab kale: commissar dadka, Taliyaha qeybinta, askari Army Red. From erayada dadban ee 20 jirka ah waxaa la soo kabsaday, tusaale ahaan, ereyga "Hogaamiyaha", oo xataa xilligii of Pushkin arko shinka iyo qaamuusyo waqtiga keenaysaa in qashin ah oo u dhiganta. Maanta mar kale arhaizuetsya. Cado dhawaan laga badiyay erayada shinka sida Duma, gymnasium, waaxda Lyceum. Waxay la qiimeeyo ka dib 1917 sida historicism ah.

historicism

Return in sahayda firfircoon erayada qaarkood ayaa suuragal ah keliya marka ay jiraan xaalado gaar ah. Waxaa had iyo jeer waa ay sabab u tahay kala duwan ee arrimaha dheeraadka ah ee luqadda. Haddii archaization loo Yeedhiyaa by sharciyada luqadaha iyo waxaa ka muuqata isku xirka nidaamka weeya, helay erayada waxaa la yiraahdaa historicism.

iyaga ka mid ah waa magacyadii fikradaha, ifafaale iyo walxaha la waayay: chainmail, oprichnik, booliis, gendarme, macalin, hussar a, a Bolshevik, iskuulka, requisitioning, Nép, ridayeen dhexe, kulak ah, VKP ah (b) iyo kuwo kale. Historicism, sida caadiga ah, waa natiijada sababo dheeraad ah-luuqadeed: horumarinta wax soo saarka, isbeddelka bulshada, cusboonaysiiso agabka qoyska, hubka, iwm

Maanta barnaamijka dugsiga ka mid ah mawduuca "huriye iyo hooyo erayga Ruush" (Darajada 6). Qof kasta waa in yar oo ugu yaraan ah oo ku saabsan afka hooyo, taariikh horumarinta og. Our article waxa ku qoran si loo balaadhiyo akhristayaasha aqoonta lakabyada kala duwan ee erayada, kuwaas oo eray Ruush weyn.