Dzhon LOKK: fikradaha aasaasiga ah. Dzhon LOKK - Faylasuuf Ingiriisi

Waxbarista Dzhona Lokka saameyn muhiim ah oo ku saabsan su'aallaha falsafada, waxbarashada, sharciga iyo gobolka, kuwaas oo ku yiil khuseeya bartamihii qarnigii 17aad-ka. Isagu waa aasaasaha of a caqiidooyinka siyaasadeed oo cusub oo sharci ah, taasi oo markii dambe noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "cilmiga liberalism hore ganacsade."

Biography

Locke waxa uu ku dhashay 1632 in qoyska Puritan ah. Bartay at Westminster School iyo Masiixa Church College. In college, mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed sayniska wuxuu bilaabay inuu macallin ka mid ah Greek luqadda, falsafada iyo cod karsanaa. Muddadan xidhan yiqiin la saynisyahan caan dabiiciga Robert Boyle. Si wada jir ah isaga la, Locke qaatay kormeer Xogta, kimistari si qoto dheer bartay. Ka dibna, Dzhon LOKK si dhab ah bartay daawada iyo 1668 noqday xubin ka mid ah Society Royal ee London.

In 1667, Dzhon LOKK la kulmay Rabbiga Eshli Kuperom. Ninkan aan caadi ahayn ku jiray mucaaradka in ay maxkamadda reer boqor oo dhaleeceeyay Itobiya hadda. Dzhon LOKK tago baridda iyo degtaa estate Rabbiga Cooper sida saaxiib uu, saaxiibka iyo dhakhtar shakhsiyeed.

mu'aamaraad siyaasadeed iyo isku day fashilmay afgambi Daar qasbay Rabbiga Ashley in ay ka cararaan xeebaha ay hooyo. isaga soo socda ku Hijrootaan u Netherlands iyo Dzhon LOKK. The fikrado aasaasi ah oo keenay saynisyahano si fiican u yaqaan, la sameeyey si hufan ee tahriibka. Years qaatay waddan shisheeye, ayaa ugu badiyey mustaqbalkiisa Locke ee.

The isbedel ka dhacay England goor dambe oo qarnigii 17aad, Locke ogol yahay in ay guriga ku soo noqdo. Philosopher ay raalli ka shaqeeya dowladda cusub oo muddo waqti ay qaadato si ay jagooyin muhiim hoos maamulka cusub. Post mas'uul ka ganacsiga iyo deegaanada ku noqday ugu dambeeyey ee mustaqbalkiisa saynisyahan ah. pulmonary disease keena isaga casilay, iyo inta kale ee uu noloshiisa uu ku qaatay magaalada Oates, guryaha ku ah saaxiibada uu ku dhow.

ee falsafada Next

shaqada ugu weyn ee falsafada ah saynisyahan waxaa si fiican u yaqaan, sida "Qormo ku saabsan Understanding Human." In khuseeya wuxuu muujinayaa nidaam taaban karo (tijaabo) falsafada. The eed gunaanad ah ma aha sabab u macquul ah, laakiin waayo-aragnimo dhab ah. Sidaas ayaa sheegay in Dzhon LOKK. falsafadda ah qorshaha ahaa in khilaafka la-nidaamka dunida ee hadda jira. In shaqo this, saynisyahan ku doodaysaa in aasaas u ah daraasadda adduunyo ee dhaw waa waayo-aragnimo dareen- wad, oo kaliya iyadoo la kaashanayo surveillance gaari karo aqoonta lagu kalsoonaan karo, dhab ah iyo wax iska cad.

Diinta Next

shuqullada Sayniska ah falsafo iyo walaac horumarinta hay'adaha diiniga ah in jirey waagaas in England. qoraal gacmeedka loo yaqaan ee "Ilaalinta non-conformism" iyo "Qormo An on dulqaadasho leh", oo ay qoreen Dzhon LOKK. Fikradda wayn ayaa lagu xusay, kuwaas oo treatises la daabicin, iyo nidaamka si buuxda qalabka kaniisadda, dhibaatada of xornimada damiirka iyo diinta ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in ay "Letter ku saabsan dulqaadasho leh."

shaqada waxaa uu abuurayaa qof walba xaq u leedahay inaad xornimada damiirka. Saynisyahanka oo ku baaqay in hay'adaha dawladda in ay aqoonsadaan doorashada ee diinta si xaq ah oo aaya ee muwaadin kasta. Kaniisadda run in hawlaheeda, sida uu cilmiga ah, si ay u noqon, ismana khilaafin raxmad iyo naxariis, awoodda ka mid ah Church iyo waxbaristii Church waa in ay joojiyaan rabshadaha nooc kasta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dulqaad aaminka ah waa in aysan kordhin in kuwa aan aqoonsan sharciyada sharciga ah ee gobolka, oo beenisay heerarka anshaxa ee bulshada iyo jiritaanka aad Rabbiga, sida ay Dzhon LOKK. fikradda ugu weyn ee "Letter ku saabsan dulqaadasho" ah - sinaanta xuquuqda dhammaan bulshooyinka diinta iyo kala amar state of kaniisadda.

"Macquul Masiixiga ah sidii loo soo bandhigay in Qorniinku leeyahay," Shaqada ugu dambeeyay falsafo, taas oo uu ku sheegayaa midnimada Ilaah. Masiixiyaddu waa, ugu horrayn waxa weeyi - set oo ah heerarka anshaxa, kaas oo waa in ay u hoggaansamaan qof kasta, sida ay Dzhon LOKK. Talaaboda falsafo oo duurka ku ah diinta, waxbaristiisa diimeed ayaa ku hodanaynta labada aag cusub - Deism Ingiriisi iyo latitudinarizmom - cilmiga dulqaadasho.

in aragtida ah sharciga Next

Uu aragtida bulsho kaliya Locke J. qalab. Qeexan shaqada "Laba Treatises ee Dowladda". The salaysan waayo, shuqullada waa caqiido ee gobolka of dhacdo ka mid ah dadka bulshada "caadi ah". Sida laga soo xigtay cilmiga, bilowga ah ee jiritaanka aadanaha marna loo yaqaan dagaalka, Dhammaana waxay ahaayeen kuwo siman, iyo "Ninna ka weyn oo kale ah." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in bulshada noocan oo kale ah, ma meydadka kormeerka, kuwaas oo la baabi'iyo lahaa khilaafaadka ka, loo xaliyo khilaafaadka hantida, loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo maxkamad cadaalad ah. Si loo hubiyo ah xuquuqda madaniga ah ee dadka la aasaasay bulshada siyaasadeed - state. hay'adaha dawladda waxbarashada Peace ku salaysan oggolaanshaha dadka oo dhan - aasaas u ah abuurista nidaamka dawliga ah. Sidaas ayaa sheegay in Dzhon LOKK.

fikradda ugu weyn ee gobolka of isbeddelka bulshada waa formation of madaxda siyaasadda iyo garsoorka, taas oo ilaalin lahaa xuquuqda dadka oo dhan. Waayo, gobolka waxa uu xaq u isticmaalaan xoog si ay isu ka duulaankii shisheeye ilaaliyo, iyo sidoo kale si loola socdo fulinta xeerarka qoyska. Fikradda ah Dzhona Lokka ka soo baxay in shaqada this, ayaa sheegay in xaq u leeyahay in laga saaro dowladda ee muwaadiniinta aan qabtaan hawlo ama xadgudub awoodeed ay.

in barbaarinta Next

"Afkaarta Qaar ka mid ah ku saabsan waxbarashada." - Qormada John Locke ee, kaas oo uu ku dooday in deegaanka ayaa saamayn qiyaano ilmaha. Bilowga ee dhinaca horumarinta, ilmuhu waa sarkhaansan yihiin waalidiinta iyo barayaasha kuwaas oo isaga u model ah moral. Sida ay weynaadaan ilmuhu helo lacag la'aan ah. Waxa uu siiyo ku falsafo iyo waxbarashada jirka carruurta dareenka. Waxbarashada, sida ku qoran kitaabka, waa in lagu saleeyaa isticmaalka aqoon la taaban karo lagama maarmaanka u ah nolosha bulshada ganacsade, halkii on daraasadda of science maadadeed ee aan isticmaalo wax ku ool ah. Shaqada Tani ayaa haatan lagu eedeynayaa by ee Bishop ee Worcester, kii Locke si joogta ah uga qayb galo in polemics, difaacaneysa aragtidooda.

Mark on taariikhda

Philosopher, qareen, hoggaamiye diimeed, macallinka iyo publicist - waxan oo dhan waa Dzhon LOKK. treatises falsafada uu daboosha baahida la taaban karo oo af qarnigii cusub - qarnigii oo ka mid ah wax Nuurin la'aantiis, daahfurtay, cilmiga cusub iyo gobolada cusub.