Distemper ee Russia horrantii qarnigii 17aad: Sababaha, marxaladaha, cawaaqibka

The rabshado laga bilaabo qarnigii XVII ah, shuruud ah, tallaabooyinka taas oo laga wada hadli doonaa ka dib - muddada taariikhi ah, oo ay la socdaan masiibooyinka dabiiciga ah, dhibaatooyinka dhaqan-dhaqaale iyo guud-siyaasadeed oo qoto dheer. Xaaladda adag ee dalku ku soo jiray waaweyn iyo faragelinta Polish-Swedish ah.

The rabshado qarnigii 17aad ee Russia: Sababaha

Xaaladaha dhibaatooyinka lagu sababa arrimo dhowr ah. Dhibaatooyinka ugu horeysay ka dhacay, sida ay taariikhyahanadu, sababta oo ah la joojiyo oo guri ammaan Rurik ah iyo halganka ka dhexeeya awoodda reer boqor, iyo boyars ah. Last dirireen loo ilaalin iyo xoojinta saamaynta siyaasadda iyo horumarinta ee mudnaanta dhaqanka. Boqortooyada, on lid ku ah, isku dayay in la xadido awoodaha kuwan. Boyars, marka lagu daro, si ay iska eafiya iskana dalabyo Zemstvo. Doorka class this waxaa la qiimeeyaa cilmi badan oo xun. Taariikhyahanadu tilmaamayaan in sheegashada ah Knights galay halgan ka dhan ah dowladda Saarka jeestay. Ay mu'aamaraad waa saameyn aad u xun ku booska uu ka madax ah. Taasi waa waxa ay ku abuuray dhul rays kaas oo waxaa jiray muran ku Russia. Bilowga ee qarnigii XVII waxaa lagu gartaa kaliya ka barta dhaqaale ee view. Xaaladda dalka uu ahaa mid aad u adag. Ka dibna waxa ay u xiisaddan ayaa ku soo biirtay dhibaatooyinka siyaasadeed iyo bulsho.

Xaaladda dhaqaale

Distemper in Russia ee bilowgii qarnigii 17aad beegantay ololaha of Fatxi ee Grozny oo War Livonian ah. Talaabooyinkani waxay dalbadeen in ay ciidamada soo saar of stress weyn. saameyn aad u xun ku xaalada dhaqaale ee burburka ku Veliky Novgorod, iyo barakaca qasabka ah ee u adeegaya dadka. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaan bilaabay aloosnayd rabshado ee Russia. bilowgii qarnigii 17aad ayaa sidoo kale astaan u gaajo baahsan. In 1601-1603 Khasaarteen kun oo beeraha waaweyn iyo kuwa yaryar.

xiisado bulshada

Distemper ee Russia horrantii qarnigii 17aad waxaa sii shiday diidmada oo ka mid ah dadweynaha kala yaroow carcarara, dayidiisii sabool ah, oo bilays ah Cossacks iyo kuwii gobta Cossack, tiro badan oo ah shaqaalihi jira. oprichnina soo bandhigay, sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah cilmibaadhayaasha, si weyn hoos ugu ixtiraam iyo kalsoonida dadka sharciga iyo amarka.

Dhacdada ugu horeysay

Sida Smoot bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan ee Russia? bilowgii qarnigii 17aad, ee gaaban, ayaa ku soo beegantay rearrangement ciidamada ee wareegyada xukunka. kii dhaxalka ugu horeysay laga cabsado Fedor ma laha xirfadaha maamulka loo baahan yahay. wiilkii yaraa, Dmitri, waxay ahayd waqti in weli ilmo. dhimashada dhaxla guri ammaan Rurik Ka dib gooyaa gaaban. In ay awoodda qoysaska boyar soo dhawaaday - Godunovs iyo Yuriev. In 1598-m wuxuu qaaday carshiga Boris Godunov. Xiliga laga 1601. in 1603. Waxaa madhalays bay ahayd. Keydsho ma aysan joogsan xitaa in xagaaga iyo dayrta, in September, waxaa la baraf da'ayo. Oo abaartuna waxay ka fool sheegtay in qiyaastii nus milyan oo qof. dadka daallan u tageen inay Moscow, halkaas oo ay ku wareejiyey cunto iyo lacag. Laakiin qiyaastaas sii dartay oo kaliya dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale. mulkiilayaasha ma ay awoodaan in ay ku quudiyaan addoommadii iyo addoommo, iyo soo baxay iyaga eryay. Tagay oo aan raashin iyo hoy, oo qof ayuu ku hawlan boobka iyo dhaca.

Lzhedmitry ugu horeysay

Distemper ee Russia horrantii qarnigii 17aad beegantay faafinta wararka xanta ah in Dmitry Tsarevich ku nool. Waxaa raacay in Boris Godunov jiray carshiga sharci-darro ah. Firin Dmitrii dhawaaqay asal Adam Wiśniowiecki, oo amiir u Lithuanian uu. Ka dib markii in, uu kula kulmay Ezhi Mnishekom, magnate Polish iyo Ragon, nuncio ku le'daan. Bilowga ee 1604 Lzhedmitry 1 helay maqlayo la Boqorka Poland. Mararka qaarkood ka dib beenaala ah in ay soo galaya. ayaa xuquuqda Falsdmitry la aqoonsan by King Sigismund. Boqortooyada ogol yahay qof kasta in ay caawimaad u fidiso Tsar Ruush ah.

iridda Moscow

Beenta Dmitry galeen magaaladii ee 1605, sanadka ah ee 20-ka June. Boyars, hogaaminayo Belsky si cad u qiray in uu Prince of Moscow iyo dhaxalka loo eeliyaa. Inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa, Been Dmitry hagayay Poland iyo isku dayeen in ay u fuliyaan dib u habaynta qaar ka mid ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma kuwii gobta ahaa oo dhan aqoonsanaayeen sharci oo boqornimadiisa. Ku dhawaad isla markiiba ka dib markii ay ka imanayaan Dmitry ku Been, Shuya bilaabay inuu Beenta ku faafin ku saabsan iska dhigid. Sanadii 1606dii, dhexe ee May, mucaaradka ah ee boyars ka faa'ideysatay oo ka mid ah qaab dadweynaha ka dhanka ah adventurers Polish, kuwaas oo si Moscow yimid aroos Falsdmitry, fallaagoobay. Intii uu beenaala lagu dilay. Soo socda si ay awood of Shuya, oo wakiil ka ah laanta Suzdal of Rurik ah, oo xawaal in dawladdu aysan soo bixiyey. In xoogan koonfurta fallaago Bolotnikov, kaas oo siiyey dhaqdhaqaaqa "tuugada." Dhacdooyinka 1606-1607 sannad xisaabeedka. qeexayaa RG Skrynnikov. "Russia horrantii qarnigii 17aad Smoot." - buug uu abuuray oo ku saleysan xaddi weyn oo wax documentary.

Beenta Dmitry II

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalka weli warar xan ah oo ku saabsan gurmadka mucjisada ah ee sharci ah amiirka. In 1607, in xagaaga soo socda, Starodub, firin cusub. Distemper ee Russia horrantii qarnigii 17aad sii. By dhamaadka 1608 Lzhedmitry 2 ayaa faafidda saamaynta ay Yaroslavl, Pereslavl-Zaleski, Vologda, Galich, Uglich, Kostroma, Vladimir. Firin degeen tuulada Tushino. Waxaan ku Nagaanay aamin caasimada Kazan, Novgorod, Smolensk, Kolomna, Novgorod, Pereslavl-Ryazan.

Semiboyarshina

Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan in lagu calaamadeeyay rabshado ee Russia horrantii qarnigii 17aad, wuxuu noqday kacaan. Shuya ahaa in awoodda la saaray. Guddiga maamulka ee dalka taagnaa toddoba boyars - Semiboyarshina. Sida Tsar Ruush , waxay aqoonsan Vsevolod, Prince Polish ah. Tirada dadka ee magaalooyinka badan dhaartay Falsdmitry 2. ka mid ahaayeen kuwii dhawaan ka soo horjeeda la firin ah. halista dhabta ah ee ka been Dmitry II qasbay golaha si boyars ee Moscow ciidamada Polish-Lithuanian. Waxaa loo maleeyey in ay noqon lahayd in ay afgembiyaan beenaala ah awood. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Been Dmitry waxaa u digay oo ku saabsan iyo si dhakhso tagay xerada.

maleeshiyada

Distemper ee Russia horrantii qarnigii 17aad sii. Waxay bilaabeen dhaqdhaqaaqa xoreynta qaranka. Waxaa ka qayb qaatay dhismaha maleeshiyaadka. Amarka ugu horreeya ee Sirkaalkii ah Ryazan Lyapunov ah. Waxa uu taageeray taageerayaasha Beenta Dmitry II. iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen amiirradii Shakhovskoy, Troubetzkoy, Masalskaya, Cherkassy iyo kuwa kale. Dhinaca maleeshiyaadka iyo waxa ay sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa gobta Cossack, oo madaxiisa ahaa Ataman Zarutsky. dhaqdhaqaaqa labaad bilaabay hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Kuzma Minin. Waxa uu ku casuumay hogaamiye ahaan Pozharsky. In 1612, guga, meel u dhow Moscow noqon doonaa maleeshiyada ugu horeysay inay daacad u saddexaad Dmitry Beenta ah. Ciidamada of Minin iyo Pozharsky awoodi waayeen in ay caasimada la hadlo, halka taageerayaasha waxaa ay qabsatay beenaala. Marka tan la eego, waxay ka sameeyeen ay xerada Yaroslavl. Dhammaadkii bishii Agoosto, maleeshiyada si Moscow yimid. In taxane ah oo dagaalo uu la sii daayay ka Kremlin, ciidankii Polish degan waxaa casaanka ka. Muddo ka dib, boqorka cusub loo doortay. Waxay noqday Mikhail Fedorovich.

saamaynta

Isbarbardhigga rabshado ee Russia horrantii qarnigii 17aad ay awood burbur iyo qoto dheer dhibaatada ka jirta dalka, aad awoodo badan tahay oo keliya gobol ee dalka ee muddada duulaankii Mongol ah. Xilligan waxa laga cabsado nolosha gobolka dhamaaday guul darrooyin weyn, hoos u dhac dhaqaale. Dhibaatooyin badan laga bilaabo qarnigii 17aad, ayaa sheegtay noloshooda xad-dhaaf ah. Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey magaalooyin badan, dalalkan oo layaal iyo tuulooyinka. Tirada dadka weli waa waqti dheer ah inuu ka soo kabsado si heer hore. Magaalooyin badan ayaa maray gacmihii cadaawayaashoodii galay, oo ku hadhay gacanta dhawr sano ee dheeraad ah. Yareyn degaanka ee dalka kaymo.